The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far.
TLDR
Targeting cytokines during the management of COVID-19 patients could improve survival rates and reduce mortality.Abstract:
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the WHO COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract resulting in pneumonia in most of the cases and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in about 15 % of the cases Mortality in COVID-19 patients has been linked to the presence of the so-called "cytokine storm" induced by the virus Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines leads to ARDS aggravation and widespread tissue damage resulting in multi-organ failure and death Targeting cytokines during the management of COVID-19 patients could improve survival rates and reduce mortalityread more
Citations
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Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study
Fei Zhou,Ting Yu,Ronghui Du,Guohui Fan,Ying Liu,Zhibo Liu,Jie Xiang,Yeming Wang,Bin Song,Xiaoying Gu,Xiaoying Gu,Lulu Guan,Yuan Wei,Li Hui,Xudong Wu,Jiuyang Xu,Shengjin Tu,Yi Zhang,Hua Chen,Bin Cao +19 more
TL;DR: Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes
Rajendra Karki,Bhesh Raj Sharma,Shraddha Tuladhar,Evan P. Williams,Lillian Zalduondo,Parimal Samir,Min Zheng,Balamurugan Sundaram,Balaji Banoth,R. K. Subbarao Malireddi,Patrick Schreiner,Geoffrey Neale,Peter Vogel,Richard Webby,Colleen B. Jonsson,Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that blocking the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cell death signaling pathway identified here may benefit patients with COVID-19 or other infectious and autoinflammatory diseases by limiting tissue damage/inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management.
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors can be used safely in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19; metformin and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might need to be withdrawn in patients at high risk of severe disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
From SARS and MERS to COVID-19: a brief summary and comparison of severe acute respiratory infections caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.
Zhixing Zhu,Xihua Lian,Xiaoshan Su,Weijing Wu,Giuseppe A. Marraro,Giuseppe A. Marraro,Yiming Zeng +6 more
TL;DR: By gaining a deeper understanding of hCoVs and the illnesses caused by them, this work can bridge knowledge gaps, provide cultural weapons for fighting and controling the spread of MERS- coV and SARS-CoV-2, and prepare effective and robust defense lines against hCoV that may emerge or reemerge in the future.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection.
Maria Gavriatopoulou,Eleni Korompoki,Eleni Korompoki,Despina Fotiou,Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos,Theodora Psaltopoulou,Efstathios Kastritis,Evangelos Terpos,Meletios A. Dimopoulos +8 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19 is provided, showing that over a third of infected patients develop a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia.
References
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
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Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.
Fei Zhou,Ting Yu,Ronghui Du,Guohui Fan,Ying Liu,Zhibo Liu,Jie Xiang,Yeming Wang,Bin Song,Xiaoying Gu,Xiaoying Gu,Lulu Guan,Yuan Wei,Li Hui,Xudong Wu,Jiuyang Xu,Shengjin Tu,Yi Zhang,Hua Chen,Bin Cao +19 more
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TL;DR: Characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia, and further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the Mu LBSTA scores in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection.
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Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Shuofeng Yuan,Kin-Hang Kok,Kelvin K. W. To,Kelvin K. W. To,Hin Chu,Jin Yang,Fanfan Xing,Jieling Liu,Cyril C. Y. Yip,Rosana W.S. Poon,Hoi Wah Tsoi,Simon Kam Fai Lo,Kwok-Hung Chan,Vincent Kwok-Man Poon,Wan Mui Chan,Jonathan Daniel Ip,Jian Piao Cai,Vincent C.C. Cheng,Honglin Chen,Honglin Chen,Christopher K.M. Hui,Kwok-Yung Yuen +22 more
TL;DR: The findings are consistent with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions.
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