Showing papers in "Cell in 2021"

TL;DR: Weighted-nearest neighbor analysis as mentioned in this paper is an unsupervised framework to learn the relative utility of each data type in each cell, enabling an integrative analysis of multiple modalities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the neutralization potency of 99 individuals that received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2.

TL;DR: In this article, a picture has begun to emerge that reveals that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ Tcells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control SARS-CoV-2 in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19.

TL;DR: In this paper, a structure-function analysis of B.1.351 was performed using a large cohort of convalescent and vaccinee serum samples, and it was shown that the receptor-binding domain mutations provide tighter ACE2 binding and widespread escape from monoclonal antibody neutralization largely driven by E484K, although K417N and N501Y act together against some important antibody classes.

TL;DR: Investigation of the hypothesis for positive selection of Spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 variants B.1.7 (UK), B.351 (South Africa), and P.1 (Brazil) harbor mutations in the viral spike (S) protein that may alter virus-host cell interactions and confer resistance to inhibitors and antibodies.

TL;DR: It is suggested that blocking the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cell death signaling pathway identified here may benefit patients with COVID-19 or other infectious and autoinflammatory diseases by limiting tissue damage/inflammation.

TL;DR: In this article, 41 human monoclonal antibodies derived from memory B cells were used to identify the SARS-CoV-2 S N-terminal domain (NTD).

TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of monoclonal antibodies and convalescent and vaccine sera to neutralize B.617.1 and B.1.2 has been studied.

TL;DR: Mild COVID-19 elicits memory lymphocytes that persist and display functional hallmarks of antiviral immunity, and SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocyte exhibited characteristics associated with potent antiviral function.

TL;DR: It is found that severe cases resulting in intubation or death exhibited increased inflammatory markers, lymphopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and high anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels, highlighting the importance of neutralizing humoral immunity on disease progression and the need to develop broadly protective interventions to prevent future coronavirus pandemics.

TL;DR: This work reports the development of an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas13a assay for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasal swab RNA that can be read with a mobile phone microscope and has the potential to enable rapid, low-cost, point-of-care screening for Sars-Cov-2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor binding motif (RBM) is a highly variable region of S and provide epidemiological, clinical, and molecular characterization of a prevalent, sentinel RBM mutation, N439K.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an in-depth discussion of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to progressive liver injury, including the metabolic origins of NAS, the effect of NAFLD on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid toxicity, macrophage dysfunction, and hepatic stellate cell activation, and consider the role of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that promote fibrosis progression and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH.

TL;DR: In this paper, structural analysis of the ACE2 binding sites of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic strain has been carried out and the authors show that the 222 light chain is able to largely restore neutralization potency to a major class of public antibodies.

TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework for the interaction of the human innate immune system with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was provided to link the clinical observations with experimental findings that have been made during the first year of the pandemic.

TL;DR: Overall, this work provides a genome-scale, quantitative resource of the impact of the loss of each host gene on fitness/response to viral infection.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the ability of B.1.7 to evade antibody responses elicited by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and found that B. 1.7 is harder to neutralize than parental virus, compromising neutralization by some members of a major class of public antibodies through light chain contacts with residue 501.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 284 samples from 196 COVID-19 patients and controls and created a comprehensive immune landscape with 1.46 million cells.

TL;DR: A pan-cancer analysis of single myeloid cells from 210 patients across 15 human cancer types identified distinct features of TIMs across cancer types and suggested future avenues for rational, targeted immunotherapies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified an emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant by viral whole-genome sequencing of 2,172 nasal/nasopharyngeal swab samples from 44 counties in California, a state in the western United States.

TL;DR: It is shown that small molecule antagonists of identified gene products inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in monkey and human cells, demonstrating the conserved role of these genetic hits across species.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors collated whole-exome and transcriptomic data for >1,000 CPI-treated patients across seven tumor types, utilizing standardized bioinformatics workflows and clinical outcome criteria to validate multivariable predictors of CPI sensitization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the impact of host-intrinsic factors (such as the host genome, epigenome, and immunity) on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response and toxicity.

TL;DR: The isocortex and hippocampal formation (HPF) in the mammalian brain play critical roles in perception, cognition, emotion, and learning as discussed by the authors, and a transcriptomic cell type taxonomy revealing a comprehensive repertoire of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron types.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 17-week randomized, prospective study (n = 18/arm) combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, was conducted to determine how two microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber and fermented foods, influence the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults.

TL;DR: BioPlex 3.0 as discussed by the authors is a cell-line-specific interaction network that includes 118,162 interactions among 14,586 proteins in 293T cells and 5,522 immunoprecipitations in HCT116 cells.

TL;DR: In this article, experiments with 18 pseudotyped viruses showed that the 501Y.V2 variants do not confer increased infectivity in multiple cell types except for murine ACE2-overexpressing cells, where a substantial increase in infectivity was observed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies and hCoVreactive antibody in serum samples collected from 431 individuals before the COVID-19 pandemic, and then quantified pre-pandemic antibody levels in serum from a separate cohort of 251 individuals who became PCR-confirmed infected with SARS CoV 2.

TL;DR: A comprehensive picture of the HCC ecosystem provides deeper insights into immune evasion mechanisms associated with tumor relapse, including those that dampen DC antigen presentation and recruit innate-like CD8+ T cells.