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The Deep Viriosphere: Assessing the Viral Impact on Microbial Community Dynamics in the Deep Subsurface
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TLDR
The importance of viruses in the surface oceans is now well recognized, and research is increasingly dedicated to improving the authors' understanding of their role in important marine processes, but the viral role in the deep subsurface is rarely considered.Abstract:
All regions of Earth’s biosphere that we have studied—the waters of Earth’s oceans, the soil beneath our feet, and even the air we breathe—teem with viruses. Viral particles are among the smallest biological entities on the planet, with the average viral particle measuring about 100 nm in length: a size so small that five thousand viruses, lined end to end, would fit across the thickness of a human fingernail. What they lack in size, though, they compensate with sheer abundance. If we were to line up all the viruses in the ocean, they would stretch across the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy one hundred times (Suttle 2007). Those viruses are responsible for up to 10read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The biomass and biodiversity of the continental subsurface
Cara Magnabosco,Li-Hung Lin,Hailiang Dong,Malin Bomberg,William C. Ghiorse,H. Stan-Lotter,K. A. Pedersen,Thomas L. Kieft,E. van Heerden,Tullis C. Onstott +9 more
TL;DR: Based on considerations of global heat flow, surface temperature, depth and lithology, this paper estimated that the continental subsurface hosts 2 to 6'×'1029 cells and found that other variables such as total organic carbon and groundwater cellular abundances do not appear to be predictive of cell concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial activity in the marine deep biosphere: progress and prospects
Beth N. Orcutt,Douglas E. LaRowe,Jennifer F. Biddle,F. S. Colwell,Brian T. Glazer,Brandi Kiel Reese,John B. Kirkpatrick,Laura L. Lapham,Heath J. Mills,Jason B. Sylvan,Scott D. Wankel,C. Geoffrey Wheat +11 more
TL;DR: Recent advances and discoveries pertaining to microbial activity in the marine deep subsurface are synthesized, and topics about which there is still little understanding are highlighted and potential paths forward are suggested to address them.
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Carbon Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of carbon in Earth must consider the broad range of carbon-bearing phases with an astonishing range of crystal structures, chemical bonding, and physical and chemical properties as discussed by the authors.
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New perspectives in benthic deep-sea microbial ecology
TL;DR: Estimating the diversity of deep-sea benthic microbes and understanding their functions are some of the challenges of absolute priority, not only forDeep-sea microbial ecology, but also for the entire research field of life sciences.
References
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Weizhong Li,Adam Godzik +1 more
TL;DR: Cd-hit-2d compares two protein datasets and reports similar matches between them; cd- Hit-est clusters a DNA/RNA sequence database and cd- hit-est-2D compares two nucleotide datasets.
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TL;DR: It is found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences, and CRISPR provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.
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