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The global epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic
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TLDR
Although BV prevalence is, in general, highest in parts of Africa and lowest in much of Europe and Europe, some populations in Africa have very low BV prevalences and some in Asia and Europe have high rates.Abstract:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) enhances the acquisition and transmission of a range of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus. This has made it more important to uncover the reasons why some populations have very high BV prevalences and others not. This systematic review describes the global epidemiology of BV. It summarizes data from peer-reviewed publications detailing the population prevalence of BV as diagnosed by a standardized and reproducible methodology-Nugent scoring system. BV variations between countries, and between ethnic groups within countries, are described. We evaluated 1692 English- and non-English-language articles describing the prevalence of BV using MEDLINE and the Web of Science databases. A total of 86 articles met our inclusion criteria. BV prevalences were found to vary considerably between ethnic groups in North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Although BV prevalence is, in general, highest in parts of Africa and lowest in much of Asia and Europe, some populations in Africa have very low BV prevalences and some in Asia and Europe have high rates.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis
TL;DR: A careful analysis of the available data suggests that what the authors term BV is a set of common clinical signs and symptoms that can be provoked by a plethora of bacterial species with proinflammatory characteristics, coupled to an immune response driven by variability in host immune function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role of Lactobacilli.
TL;DR: The composition, function and adaptive mechanisms of the vaginal microbiome in health and those disease states in which there is a breach in the host-microbial relationship are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaginal bacteria modify HIV tenofovir microbicide efficacy in African women
Nichole R. Klatt,Ryan Cheu,Kenzie Birse,Kenzie Birse,Alexander S. Zevin,Michelle Perner,Michelle Perner,Laura Noël-Romas,Laura Noël-Romas,Anna Christina. Grobler,Garrett Westmacott,Irene Y. Xie,Irene Y. Xie,Jennifer. Butler,Jennifer. Butler,Leila E. Mansoor,Lyle R. McKinnon,Lyle R. McKinnon,Jo-Ann S. Passmore,Jo-Ann S. Passmore,Quarraisha Abdool Karim,Quarraisha Abdool Karim,Salim S. Abdool Karim,Salim S. Abdool Karim,Adam Burgener,Adam Burgener,Adam Burgener +26 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided linking vaginal bacteria to microbicide efficacy through tenofovir depletion via bacterial metabolism through bacterial metabolism, which is linked to inconsistent results in women for HIV prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next?
Anita Mitra,Anita Mitra,David A. MacIntyre,Julian R. Marchesi,Julian R. Marchesi,Yun S. Lee,Phillip R. Bennett,Phillip R. Bennett,Maria Kyrgiou,Maria Kyrgiou +9 more
TL;DR: There is emerging evidence which leads to conclude that increased diversity of vaginal microbiota combined with reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human microbiomes and their roles in dysbiosis, common diseases, and novel therapeutic approaches
TL;DR: An outlook on recent findings on the human microbiomes, their impact on health and diseases, and on the development of targeted therapies is provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.
TL;DR: The standardized score facilitates future research concerning bacterial vaginosis because it provides gradations of the disturbance of vaginal flora which may be associated with different levels of risk for pregnancy complications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women
Jacques Ravel,Pawel Gajer,Zaid Abdo,G. Maria Schneider,Sara S. K. Koenig,Stacey L. McCulle,Shara Karlebach,Reshma Gorle,Jennifer Russell,Carol O. Tacket,Rebecca M. Brotman,Catherine C. Davis,Kevin A. Ault,Ligia Peralta,Larry J. Forney +14 more
TL;DR: The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiota
Pawel Gajer,Rebecca M. Brotman,Guoyun Bai,Joyce M. Sakamoto,Ursel M. E. Schütte,Xue Zhong,Sara S. K. Koenig,Li Fu,Zhanshan Sam Ma,Xia Zhou,Zaid Abdo,Larry J. Forney,Jacques Ravel +12 more
TL;DR: The temporal dynamics of the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 32 reproductive-age women over a 16-week period revealed the dynamics of five major classes of bacterial communities and showed that some communities change markedly over short time periods, whereas others are relatively stable.
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Vaginal Lactobacilli, Microbial Flora, and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition
Harold L. Martin,Barbra A. Richardson,Patrick M. Nyange,Ludo Lavreys,Sharon L. Hillier,Bhavna Chohan,Kishorchandra Mandaliya,Jeckoniah O. Ndinya-Achola,Job J. Bwayo,Joan K. Kreiss +9 more
TL;DR: Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective.
Kaye Wellings,Martine Collumbien,Emma Slaymaker,Susheela Singh,Zoé Hodges,Dhaval Patel,Nathalie Bajos +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present original analyses of sexual behaviour data from 59 countries for which they were available, and show substantial diversity in sexual behaviour by region and sex, indicating mainly social and economic determinants of sexual behavior.