Open AccessJournal Article
The Redox Protein Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) Increases Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Protein Expression: Trx-1 Overexpression Results in Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Enhanced Tumor Angiogenesis
TLDR
The results suggest that Trx-1 increases HIF-1alpha protein levels in cancer cells and increases VEGF production and tumor angiogenesis.Abstract:
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimer of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits, is a transcriptional activator central to the cellular response to low oxygen that includes metabolic adaptation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inhibited apoptosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a small redox protein overexpressed in a number of human primary tumors. We have examined the effects of Trx-1 on HIF activity and the activation of downstream genes. Stable transfection of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells with human Trx-1 caused a significant increase in HIF-1alpha protein levels under both normoxic (20% oxygen) and hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions. Trx-1 increased hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transactivation activity measured using a luciferase reporter under the control of the hypoxia response element. Changes in HIF-1alpha mRNA levels did not account for the changes observed at the protein level, and HIF-1beta protein levels did not change. Trx-1 transfection also caused a significant increase in the protein products of hypoxia-responsive genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase 2 in a number of different cell lines (MCF-7 human breast and HT29 human colon carcinomas and WEHI7.2 mouse lymphoma cells) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The pattern of expression of the different isoforms of VEGF was not changed by Trx-1. Transfection of a redox-inactive Trx-1 (C32S/C35S) markedly decreased levels of HIF-1alpha protein, HIF-1 transactivating activity, and VEGF protein in MCF-7 cells compared with empty vector controls. In vivo studies using WEHI7.2 cells transfected with Trx-1 showed significantly increased tumor VEGF and angiogenesis. The results suggest that Trx-1 increases HIF-1alpha protein levels in cancer cells and increases VEGF production and tumor angiogenesis.read more
Citations
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Thioredoxin and related molecules--from biology to health and disease.
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The thioredoxin system in cancer.
Elias S.J. Arnér,Arne Holmgren +1 more
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Thioredoxin reductase: A target for gold compounds acting as potential anticancer drugs
Alberto Bindoli,Maria Pia Rigobello,Guido Scutari,Chiara Gabbiani,Angela Casini,Luigi Messori +5 more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Patterns and Emerging Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Switch during Tumorigenesis
TL;DR: The work from the authors' laboratories reviewed herein was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension
TL;DR: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is found in mammalian cells cultured under reduced O2 tension and is necessary for transcriptional activation mediated by the erythropoietin gene enhancer in hypoxic cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that inhibition of the action of an angiogenic factor spontaneously produced by tumour cells may suppress tumour growth in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1.
Jo A. Forsythe,Bing-Hua Jiang,Narayan V. Iyer,Faton Agani,Sandra W. Leung,Robert D. Koos,Gregg L. Semenza +6 more
TL;DR: HIF-1 is implicate in the activation of VEGF transcription in hypoxic cells and this work demonstrates the involvement of Hif-1 in theactivation of V EGF transcription.
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