The relationship between the systemic inflammatory response, tumour proliferative activity, T-lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration, microvessel density and survival in patients with primary operable breast cancer
A M Al Murri,Mustafa Hilmy,J. T. Bell,Claire Wilson,McNicol Am,A Lannigan,J C Doughty,Donald C. McMillan +7 more
TLDR
Among tumour-based inflammatory factors, only tumour microvessel density was independently associated with poorer cancer-specific survival, and the host inflammatory responses are closely associated with poor tumour differentiation, proliferation and malignant disease progression in breast cancer.Abstract:
The significance of the inter-relationship between tumour and host local/systemic inflammatory responses in primary operable invasive breast cancer is limited. The inter-relationship between the systemic inflammatory response (pre-operative white cell count, C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations), standard clinicopathological factors, tumour T-lymphocytic (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophage (CD68+) infiltration, proliferative (Ki-67) index and microvessel density (CD34+) was examined using immunohistochemistry and slide-counting techniques, and their prognostic values were examined in 168 patients with potentially curative resection of early-stage invasive breast cancer. Increased tumour grade and proliferative activity were associated with greater tumour T-lymphocyte (P<0.05) and macrophage (P<0.05) infiltration and microvessel density (P<0.01). The median follow-up of survivors was 72 months. During this period, 31 patients died; 18 died of their cancer. On univariate analysis, increased lymph-node involvement (P<0.01), negative hormonal receptor (P<0.10), lower albumin concentrations (P<0.01), increased tumour proliferation (P<0.05), increased tumour microvessel density (P<0.05), the extent of locoregional control (P<0.0001) and limited systemic treatment (P⩽0.01) were associated with cancer-specific survival. On multivariate analysis of these significant covariates, albumin (HR 4.77, 95% CI 1.35–16.85, P=0.015), locoregional treatment (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.04–12.72, P=0.043) and systemic treatment (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.23–4.27, P=0.009) were significant independent predictors of cancer-specific survival. Among tumour-based inflammatory factors, only tumour microvessel density (P<0.05) was independently associated with poorer cancer-specific survival. The host inflammatory responses are closely associated with poor tumour differentiation, proliferation and malignant disease progression in breast cancer.read more
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Tumor-Associated Lymphocytes As an Independent Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Carsten Denkert,Sibylle Loibl,Aurelia Noske,Marc Roller,Berit Maria Müller,Martina Komor,Jan Budczies,Silvia Darb-Esfahani,Ralf Kronenwett,Claus Hanusch,Christian von Törne,Wilko Weichert,Knut Engels,Christine Solbach,Iris Schrader,Manfred Dietel,Gunter von Minckwitz +16 more
TL;DR: The presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes in breast cancer is a new independent predictor of response to anthracycline/taxane neoadjuvant chemotherapy and provides useful information for oncologists to identify a subgroup of patients with a high benefit from this type of chemotherapy.
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Human breast cancer cells educate macrophages toward the M2 activation status
Sofia Sousa,Régis Brion,Régis Brion,Minnamaija Lintunen,Pauliina Kronqvist,Jouko Sandholm,Jukka Mönkkönen,Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen,Susanna Lauttia,Olli Tynninen,Heikki Joensuu,Dominique Heymann,Dominique Heymann,Jorma A. Määttä,Jorma A. Määttä +14 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated ex vivo that breast cancer cell-secreted factors modulate macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype and that TAM differentiation status correlates with recurrence free survival, thus further emphasizing that TAMs can similarly affect therapy efficacy and patient outcome.
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Tumor-associated macrophages as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
TL;DR: This review highlights the recent progress made in understanding the relationship between TAMs and clinicopathological parameters in human breast cancer and addresses the potential value of TAMs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Tumour-infiltrating macrophages and clinical outcome in breast cancer
TL;DR: Overall macrophage numbers are suggested to be not related to prognosis in breast cancer, however, further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of different subsets of macrophages.
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TL;DR: TILs and TILs subsets are promising prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer, especially in TNBC, and high density of CD20+, CD3+ or low level of PD-1+ or γδ T lymphocytes indicated increased OS in limited studies.
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