Three-Dimensional Orientation Microscopy in a Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope: A New Dimension of Microstructure Characterization
TLDR
In this paper, the authors report their recent progress in the development, optimization, and application of a technique for the 3D high-resolution characterization of crystalline microstructures based on automated serial sectioning using a focused ion beam (FIB) and characterization of the sections by orientation microscopy based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).Abstract:
In the present work, we report our recent progress in the development, optimization, and application of a technique for the three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution characterization of crystalline microstructures. The technique is based on automated serial sectioning using a focused ion beam (FIB) and characterization of the sections by orientation microscopy based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in a combined FIB–scanning electron microscope (SEM). On our system, consisting of a Zeiss–Crossbeam FIB-SEM and an EDAX-TSL EBSD system, the technique currently reaches a spatial resolution of 100 · 100 · 100 nm 3 as a standard, but a resolution of 50 · 50 · 50 nm 3 seems to be a realistic optimum. The maximum observable volume is on the order of 50 · 50 · 50 lm 3 . The technique extends all the powerful features of two-dimensional (2-D) EBSD-based orientation microscopy into the third dimension of space. This allows new parameters of the microstructure to be obtained—for example, the full crystallographic characterization of all kinds of interfaces, including the morphology and the crystallographic indices of the interface planes. The technique is illustrated by four examples, including the characterization of pearlite colonies in a carbon steel, of twins in pseudonanocrystalline NiCo thin films, the description of deformation patterns formed under nanoindents in copper single crystals, and the characterization of fatigue cracks in an aluminum alloy. In view of these examples, we discuss the possibilities and limits of the technique. Furthermore, we give an extensive overview of parallel developments of 3-D orientation microscopy (with a focus on the EBSD-based techniques) in other groups.read more
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Overview of constitutive laws, kinematics, homogenization and multiscale methods in crystal plasticity finite-element modeling: Theory, experiments, applications
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of continuum-based variational formulations for describing the elastic-plastic deformation of anisotropic heterogeneous crystalline matter is presented and compared with experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations in ultrafine grained dual-phase steels studied by 2D and 3D EBSD
TL;DR: In this article, orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) in two ultrafine grained dual-phase steels with different martensite particle size and volume fraction were analyzed using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).
Journal ArticleDOI
DAMASK – The Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit for modeling multi-physics crystal plasticity, thermal, and damage phenomena from the single crystal up to the component scale
Franz Roters,Martin Diehl,Pratheek Shanthraj,Pratheek Shanthraj,Phillip Eisenlohr,C. Reuber,Su Leen Wong,Tias Maiti,A. Ebrahimi,Thomas Hochrainer,Helge-Otto Fabritius,Svetoslav Nikolov,Martin Friák,Martin Friák,Martin Friák,N. Fujita,Nicolò Grilli,K.G.F. Janssens,N. Jia,P. J.J. Kok,Duancheng Ma,Felix Meier,Ewald Werner,Markus Stricker,Daniel Weygand,Dierk Raabe +25 more
TL;DR: The Dusseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK) as mentioned in this paper is an open, flexible, and easy to use implementation to the scientific community that allows the use and straightforward implementation of different types of constitutive laws and numerical solvers.
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The double-edge effect of second-phase particles on the recrystallization behaviour and associated mechanical properties of metallic materials
TL;DR: In this article, a review article summarizes the recent progresses on the complex interaction between second-phase particles and recrystallization and the science behind them, and concludes that the double-edge effect of second phase particles on the behavior and mechanical properties of metallic materials is still far from being clear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of the indentation size effect through the measurement of the geometrically necessary dislocations beneath small indents of different depths using EBSD tomography
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the link between the indentation size effect and the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) through the following approach: four indents of different depth and hardness were placed in a Cu single crystal using a conical indenter with a spherical tip.
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