Journal ArticleDOI
Toward an Understanding of the Correlates of Protective Immunity to HIV Infection
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TLDR
Investigation of HIV-specific immune responses in HIV-negative individuals who have been exposed to the virus multiple times suggests that natural immune responses to HIV may be protective in rare individuals.Abstract:
Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the genetic, immunologic, and virologic factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who either rapidly progress or do not progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition, detection of HIV-specific immune responses in HIV-negative individuals who have been exposed to the virus multiple times suggests that natural immune responses to HIV may be protective in rare individuals. Understanding the correlates of protective immunity to HIV infection is critical to efforts to develop preventive HIV vaccines as well as to determine the feasibility of treating HIV infection by boosting immunity to HIV.read more
Citations
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A Third-Generation Lentivirus Vector with a Conditional Packaging System
Tom Dull,Romain Zufferey,Michael C. Kelly,Ronald J. Mandel,Matthew Nguyen,Didier Trono,Luigi Naldini +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the requirement for the tat gene can be offset by placing constitutive promoters upstream of the vector transcript, and the improved design presented here should facilitate testing of lentivirus vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene.
Michel Samson,Frédérick Libert,Benjamin J. Doranz,Joseph Rucker,Corinne Liesnard,Claire-Michèle Farber,Sentob Saragosti,Claudine Lapoumeroulie,Jacqueline Cognaux,Christine Forceille,Gaëtan Muyldermans,Chris Verhofstede,Guy Burtonboy,Michel Georges,Tsuneo Imai,Shalini Rana,Yanji Yi,Robert J. Smyth,Ronald G. Collman,Robert W. Doms,Gilbert Vassart,Marc Parmentier +21 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a mutant allele of CCR-5 is present at a high frequency in caucasian populations, but is absent in black populations from Western and Central Africa and Japanese populations, and a 32-base-pair deletion within the coding region results in a frame shift, and generates a non-functional receptor that does not support membrane fusion or infection by macrophage- and dual-tropic HIV-1 strains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic Restriction of HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS by a Deletion Allele of the CKR5 Structural Gene
Michael Dean,Mary Carrington,Cheryl A. Winkler,Gavin A. Huttley,Michael W. Smith,Rando Allikmets,James J. Goedert,Susan Buchbinder,Eric Vittinghoff,Edward D. Gomperts,Sharyne Donfield,David Vlahov,Richard A. Kaslow,Alfred J. Saah,Charles R. Rinaldo,Roger Detels,Stephen J. O'Brien +16 more
TL;DR: The CKR5Δ32 deletion may act as a recessive restriction gene against HIV-1 infection and may exert a dominant phenotype of delaying progression to AIDS among infected individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia
Eric S. Rosenberg,James M. Billingsley,Angela M. Caliendo,Steven L. Boswell,Paul E. Sax,Spyros A. Kalams,Bruce D. Walker +6 more
TL;DR: In individuals who control viremia in the absence of antiviral therapy, polyclonal, persistent, and vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses were present, resulting in the elaboration of interferon-gamma and antiviral beta chemokines.
Journal ArticleDOI
HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage.
Mary Carrington,George W. Nelson,Maureen P. Martin,Teri Kissner,David Vlahov,James J. Goedert,Richard A. Kaslow,Susan Buchbinder,Keith Hoots,Stephen J. O'Brien +9 more
TL;DR: The extended survival of 28 to 40 percent of HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients who avoided AIDS for ten or more years can be attributed to their being fully heterozygous at HLA class I loci, to their lacking the AIDS-associated alleles B*35 and Cw*04, or to both.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
Fiorenza Cocchi,Anthony L. DeVico,Alfredo Garzino-Demo,Suresh K. Arya,Robert C. Gallo,Paolo Lusso +5 more
TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome.
Richard A. Koup,Jeffrey T. Safrit,Yunzhen Cao,C. A. Andrews,G. Mcleod,William Borkowsky,C. Farthing,David D. Ho +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that cellular immunity is involved in the initial control of virus replication in primary HIV-1 infection and a role for CTL in protective immunity to HIV- 1 in vivo is indicated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
TL;DR: HIV-1-specific CTL activity is a major component of the host immune response associated with the control of virus replication following primary HIV-1 infection and have important implications for the design of antiviral vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease
Giuseppe Pantaleo,Cecilia Graziosi,James F. Demarest,Luca Butini,Maria Montroni,Cecil H. Fox,Jan M. Orenstein,Donald P. Kotler,Anthony S. Fauci +8 more
TL;DR: It is reported that in early-stage disease there is a dichotomy between the levels of viral burden and virus replication in peripheral blood versus lymphoid organs.
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Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS
Janet Embretson,Mary Zupancic,Jorge L. Ribas,Alien Burke,Paul Racz,Klara Tenner-Racz,Ashley T. Haase +6 more
TL;DR: An extraordinarily large number of latently infected CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages are discovered throughout the lymphoid system from early to late stages of infection, and the extracellular association of HIV with follicular dendritic cells is confirmed.