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Transition of somatic plant cells to an embryogenic state

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TLDR
This review summarizes relevant experimental observations that can contribute to the description and definition of a transitional state of somatic cells induced to form totipotent, embryogenic cells.
Abstract
Under appropriate in vivo or in vitro conditions, certain somatic plant cells have the capability to initiate embryogenic development (somatic embryogenesis). Somatic embryogenesis provides an unique experimental model to understand the molecular and cellular bases of developmental plasticity in plants. In the last few years, the application of modern experimental techniques, as well as the characterization of Arabidopsis embryogenesis mutants, have resulted in the accumulation of novel data about the acquisition of embryogenic capabilities by somatic plant cells. In this review, we summarize relevant experimental observations that can contribute to the description and definition of a transitional state of somatic cells induced to form totipotent, embryogenic cells. During this somatic-to-embryogenic transition, cells have to dedifferentiate, activate their cell division cycle and reorganize their physiology, metabolism and gene expression patterns. The roles of stress, endogenous growth regulators and chromatin remodelling in the coordinated reorganization of the cellular state are especially emphasized.

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Growth curve, biochemical profile and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari

TL;DR: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli and the HPLC analysis allowed the identification of Fukugetin, Guttiferone A and 7-epiclusianone.
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Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Piper aduncum L

TL;DR: An efficient protocol is reported for in vitro plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Piper aduncum, a Brazilian Amazon species with high economic potential, and temporary immersion bioreactors were highly efficient in the regeneration of somatic plants, with 100% germination.
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Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts secretome can evidence relations among regulatory elements of exocytosis mechanisms

TL;DR: A proteomic analysis of the culture medium fraction of protoplasts transiently expressing transgenes for 24 hours to characterize the effect of various regulatory proteins dominant negative mutants confirmed the closer relation between the function of SYP122 and Rab11 as evidenced by the secRGUS based analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Meristemas: fontes de juventude e plasticidade no desenvolvimento vegetal

TL;DR: The various cues acting on meristematic activity regulation are integrated in signaling networks that have been discovered in plant models, thereby, improving the understanding in this field of research.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Inhibitors of the proteasome block the degradation of most cell proteins and the generation of peptides presented on MHC class I molecules

TL;DR: Peptide aldehydes that inhibit major peptidase activities of the 20S and 26S proteasomes are shown to reduce the degradation of protein and ubiquitinated protein substrates by 26S particles.
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Regulation of the heat shock transcriptional response: cross talk between a family of heat shock factors, molecular chaperones, and negative regulators

TL;DR: The protective role of HSPs is a measure of their capacity to assist in the repair of protein damage, through their chaperoning effects on proteins, protect cells from many forms of stress-induced cell damage and could influence the course of disease.
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The functions and regulation of glutathione s-transferases in plants.

TL;DR: This review presents the current knowledge about the functions of GSTs in regard to both herbicides and endogenous substrates and the catalytic mechanism of GST activity as well as the fate of glutathione S-conjugates.
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Cloning and characterization of chi-1: a developmentally regulated member of a novel class of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family

TL;DR: A cloned member of a novel class of the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor family, termed chi-1, exhibits an average identity to NMDA subunits and 23% to non-NMDA sub units, which suggests that chi- 1 may specifically interact with NMDA receptor subunits.
Journal ArticleDOI

Phenotypic plasticity for plant development, function and life history.

TL;DR: Comparative, quantitative genetics and molecular approaches are leading to new insights into the adaptive nature of plasticity, its underlying mechanisms and its role in the ecological distribution and evolutionary diversification of plants.
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