Journal ArticleDOI
Travel and the Built Environment
Reid Ewing,Robert Cervero +1 more
TLDR
A meta-analysis of the built environment-travel literature existing at the end of 2009 is conducted in order to draw generalizable conclusions for practice, and finds that vehicle miles traveled is most strongly related to measures of accessibility to destinations and secondarily to street network design variables.Abstract:
Problem: Localities and states are turning to land planning and urban design for help in reducing automobile use and related social and environmental costs. The effects of such strategies on travel demand have not been generalized in recent years from the multitude of available studies. Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis of the built environment-travel literature existing at the end of 2009 in order to draw generalizable conclusions for practice. We aimed to quantify effect sizes, update earlier work, include additional outcome measures, and address the methodological issue of self-selection. Methods: We computed elasticities for individual studies and pooled them to produce weighted averages. Results and conclusions: Travel variables are generally inelastic with respect to change in measures of the built environment. Of the environmental variables considered here, none has a weighted average travel elasticity of absolute magnitude greater than 0.39, and most are much less. Still, the combined effect o...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review
Yu Xiao,Maria Watson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic search on the methodology of literature review is conducted, and a typology of literature reviews is proposed to enhance rigor in literature reviews in planning education and research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
TL;DR: These results provide an empirical rationale for intervention and highlight the need to maintain support for the multisector, long-term efforts required to change environments, and evaluate interventions so they become ever more evidence-based.
Journal ArticleDOI
OSMnx: New Methods for Acquiring, Constructing, Analyzing, and Visualizing Complex Street Networks
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present OSMnx, a new tool to make the collection of data and creation and analysis of street networks simple, consistent, automatable and sound from the perspectives of graph theory, transportation, and urban design.
Journal ArticleDOI
City planning and population health: a global challenge
Billie Giles-Corti,Anne Vernez-Moudon,Rodrigo Siqueira Reis,Rodrigo Siqueira Reis,Rodrigo Siqueira Reis,Gavin Turrell,Gavin Turrell,Andrew L. Dannenberg,Hannah Badland,Sarah Foster,Melanie Lowe,James F. Sallis,Mark Stevenson,Neville Owen,Neville Owen +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify eight integrated regional and local interventions that, when combined, encourage walking, cycling, and public transport use, while reducing private motor vehicle use, and recommend establishing a set of indicators to benchmark and monitor progress towards achievement of more compact cities that promote health and reduce health inequities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how road facility designs, like street density, connectivity, and proximity to Ciclovia lanes, are associated with physical activity, while other attributes of the built environment, like density and land-use mixtures, are not.
References
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Larry V. Hedges,Ingram Olkin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for estimating the effect size from a series of experiments using a fixed effect model and a general linear model, and combine these two models to estimate the effect magnitude.
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Mark W. Lipsey,David B. Wilson +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis procedure called “Meta-Analysis Interpretation for Meta-Analysis Selecting, Computing and Coding the Effect Size Statistic and its applications to Data Management Analysis Issues and Strategies.
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John E. Hunter,Frank L. Schmidt +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a meta-analysis of Artifact Distributions and their impact on study outcomes. But they focus mainly on the second-order sampling error and related issues.