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Understanding ligand-receptor non-covalent binding kinetics using molecular modeling.

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TLDR
This review provides an introduction to the kinetics of drug binding from a fundamental chemistry perspective and focuses on recent developments of computational tools and their applications to non-covalent binding kinetics.
Abstract
Kinetic properties may serve as critical differentiators and predictors of drug efficacy and safety, in addition to the traditionally focused binding affinity. However the quantitative structure-kinetics relationship (QSKR) for modeling and ligand design is still poorly understood. This review provides an introduction to the kinetics of drug binding from a fundamental chemistry perspective. We focus on recent developments of computational tools and their applications to non-covalent binding kinetics.

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Citations
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Comparison Study of Computational Prediction Tools for Drug-Target Binding Affinities.

TL;DR: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the existing methods that predict drug-target binding affinities (DTBA) and focuses on the methods developed using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning approaches, as well as related benchmark datasets and databases.
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Potential Mean Force from Umbrella Sampling Simulations: What Can We Learn and What Is Missed?

TL;DR: For ligand-protein systems, these studies suggest that the dissociation trajectories modeled by an enhanced sampling method must maintain a natural molecular movement to avoid biased PMF plots when using US simulations.
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Binding kinetics of ligands acting at GPCRs

TL;DR: The experiments and equations that are commonly used to measure binding kinetics and how factors such as allosteric regulation, rebinding and ligand interaction with the plasma membrane may influence these measurements are discussed.
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Escape of a Small Molecule from Inside T4 Lysozyme by Multiple Pathways.

TL;DR: Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model benzene exit from its binding cavity using the weighted ensemble (THE AUTHORS) approach to enhance sampling of low-probability unbinding trajectories and provide a semiquantitative characterization of pathway heterogeneity for binding of small molecules to proteins.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

CHARMM: A program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculations

TL;DR: The CHARMM (Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics) as discussed by the authors is a computer program that uses empirical energy functions to model macromolescular systems, and it can read or model build structures, energy minimize them by first- or second-derivative techniques, perform a normal mode or molecular dynamics simulation, and analyze the structural, equilibrium, and dynamic properties determined in these calculations.
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Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD

TL;DR: NAMD as discussed by the authors is a parallel molecular dynamics code designed for high-performance simulation of large biomolecular systems that scales to hundreds of processors on high-end parallel platforms, as well as tens of processors in low-cost commodity clusters, and also runs on individual desktop and laptop computers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Development and testing of a general amber force field.

TL;DR: A general Amber force field for organic molecules is described, designed to be compatible with existing Amber force fields for proteins and nucleic acids, and has parameters for most organic and pharmaceutical molecules that are composed of H, C, N, O, S, P, and halogens.
Journal ArticleDOI

GROMACS: A message-passing parallel molecular dynamics implementation

TL;DR: A parallel message-passing implementation of a molecular dynamics program that is useful for bio(macro)molecules in aqueous environment is described and can handle rectangular periodic boundary conditions with temperature and pressure scaling.
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What are the key molecular determinants that influence drug-receptor binding kinetics?

Key molecular determinants influencing drug-receptor binding kinetics are crucial for drug efficacy and safety prediction. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding non-covalent binding kinetics in ligand design.