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Journal ArticleDOI

Unraveling Stress‐Induced Toxicity Properties of Graphene Oxide and the Underlying Mechanism

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TLDR
Graphene oxide shows stress-induced toxicity properties in vivo under different pathophysiological conditions and a dual-path chemical mechanism, involving the overproduction of hydroxyl radicals and the formation of oxidizing cytochrome c intermediates, is responsible for the toxicity properties.
Abstract
Graphene oxide shows stress-induced toxicity properties in vivo under different pathophysiological conditions. A dual-path chemical mechanism, involving the overproduction of hydroxyl radicals and the formation of oxidizing cytochrome c intermediates, is responsible for the toxicity properties.

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Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species.

TL;DR: Critical determinants that can affect the generation of ROS include size, shape, particle surface, surface positive charges, surface-containing groups, particle dissolution, metal ion release from nanometals and nanometal oxides, UV light activation, aggregation, mode of interaction with cells, inflammation, and pH of the medium.
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Graphene in the Aquatic Environment: Adsorption, Dispersion, Toxicity and Transformation

TL;DR: The mechanisms of GFNs toxicity at the cellular level are reviewed and the remaining unclear points on toxic mechanisms such as membrane damage are presented.
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Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms

TL;DR: This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models, and proposes some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFN toxicity, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety ofGFNs and facilitate their wide application.
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Graphene: safe or toxic? The two faces of the medal.

TL;DR: This Minireview critically discusses the recent studies on the toxicity of GFNs to provide some perspective on the possible risks to their future development in materials and biomedical sciences.
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Antibacterial Carbon-Based Nanomaterials.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the recent research progress on antibacterial CNMs is provided, starting with a brief description of the different kinds of CNMs with respect to their physicochemical characteristics, and a detailed introduction to the various mechanisms underlying antibacterial activity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

TL;DR: Attention is focussed on the ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing.

TL;DR: Evidence that the appropriate and inappropriate production of oxidants, together with the ability of organisms to respond to oxidative stress, is intricately connected to ageing and life span is reviewed.
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Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel

TL;DR: The establishment of principles and test procedures to ensure safe manufacture and use of nanomaterials in the marketplace is urgently required and achievable.
Journal ArticleDOI

PEGylated Nanographene Oxide for Delivery of Water-Insoluble Cancer Drugs

TL;DR: The results showed that graphene is a novel class of material promising for biological applications including future in vivo cancer treatment with various aromatic, low-solubility drugs.
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Graphene oxide shows stress-induced toxicity properties in vivo under different pathophysiological conditions.