Showing papers in "Toxicology Letters in 2011"

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) by examining the influences of GO on the morphology, viability, mortality and membrane integrity of A549 cells was performed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and found that AgNs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and suppression of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human Chang liver cells.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated cyto- and genotoxic potential of Ag-NPs in hMSCs at significantly higher concentrations as compared to antimicrobial effective levels.

TL;DR: Deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (D3G) was found resistant to 0.2 M hydrochloric acid for at least 24 hours at 37 °C, suggesting that it will not be hydrolyzed in the stomach of mammals as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of different time window of prenatal valproic acid exposure for inducing the altered social behaviors relevant to autism from embryonic day 7 to embryonic day 15 in Sprague-Dawley rats were compared.

TL;DR: Investigation of the direct effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and the possible effects mediated by monocyte (U937 cells) phagocytosis and activation concluded that intravascular ironoxide nanoparticles may induce endothelial system inflammation and dysfunction by three ways.

TL;DR: The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a secondary metabolite of fungi which is produced by certain species of the genus Fusarium and can occur in cereals and other plant products.

TL;DR: It is suggested that acute exposure of CeO(2) NPs through inhalation route may induce cytotoxicity via oxidative stress and may lead to a chronic inflammatory response.

TL;DR: This review presents any available information about psychoactive properties, safety profile, clinical data, and legislation of the new "legal high" and emphasizes the role of Internet with mephedrone's expansion.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that exposure of mice to arsenic in drinking water for 6 consecutive weeks significantly decreased decreased the plasma insulin, elevated glucose intolerance and plasma lipid peroxidation, and induced islet cells apoptosis, which accompanied with arsenic accumulation in the whole blood and pancreas.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach to compile common principles for risk assessment and thus contribute to standardisation of safety assessment methodologies utilized for spray product evaluation without interfering with the flexibility of the individual safety assessor.

TL;DR: It is suggested that like diabetes, chronic depletion of Zn with TPEN induces testicular oxidative stress and damage, along with the activation of p38 MAPK and p53 signaling and mitochondria-related apoptotic cell death, which is important in order to avoid the exacerbation of diabetic effects on testicular cells death.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that despite the high potential for ROS formation, pristine MWCNTs can accumulate and persist within cells without having major long-term consequences or inducing adaptive mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an update of the present knowledge relating to the various parameters and reactants of the immune system at the cellular as well as molecular level that are believed to play a key role in reactogenicity.

TL;DR: In order to maximise the health benefits from eating vegetables, measures should be taken to reduce the nitrate and nitrite exposures while maintaining the recommended vegetable intake.

TL;DR: Application of high DON concentrations showed significant toxic effects as indicated by a reduction in cell number, in cellular reduction capacity measured by MTT assay, reduced uptake of neutral red (NR) and a decrease in cell proliferation.

TL;DR: TiO(2) NPs decreases NADH levels and impairs ΔΨ(m) and mitochondrial function accompanied by ROS generation during mitochondrial respiration and this effect is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and redox unbalance.

TL;DR: It was shown that intranasal exposure of Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticle could lead to pathological alteration in olfactory bulb, hippocampus and striatum, and caused microglial proliferation, activation and recruitment in these areas, especially in o aroma bulb.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the interaction of AuNPs with glutathione (GSH) was investigated in the human liver cell line, and it was shown that a decrease in GSH alone can act as a potent early activator of apoptotic signaling.

TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waterpipe smoke and the analysis of selected biomarkers indicative for the body burden of waterpipe users were reported.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the signals of ROS-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 activation regulated mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways that are involved in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.

TL;DR: The toxicity of size-fractionated particulate matter collected in Milano during two different seasons (summer and winter) has been evaluated in vivo, evidenced the toxicity mechanisms elicited by size fractionated PM samples, collected in winter and summer seasons.

TL;DR: T-2 toxin-induced apoptotic granulosa cells significantly decreased through the use of antioxidant Trolox, suggesting a possible underlying molecular mechanism for T-2 toxins that induces the apoptosis signaling pathway in rat granul Rosa cells by regulation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the TiO(2)-NPs mainly accumulated in liver and spleen and could be retained for over 30days in these tissues due to the phagocytosis by macrophages.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the treatment of acute and long-term effects of low level exposure to nerve agents, research on alternative routes for optimizing drug delivery, and therapies, such as gene therapy for in situ generation of bioscavengers and cell therapy based on neural progenitor engraftment for neuronal regeneration.

TL;DR: Significant up-regulation of Ti contents in the cerebral cortex and striatum after intranasal instillation of hydrophilic TiO₂ NPs is found, indicating that the surface modification of the NPs plays an important role on their effects on the brain.

TL;DR: The increase of the Co/Fe ratio measured in the nuclear compartment indicates that above certain concentrations the CoFe(2)O(4) NPs intracellular distribution could be accompanied by biodegradation resulting in Co accumulation in the nucleus.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS approach to analyze the protein profile change of human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with the purpose of characterizing the interactions between living system and these nanomaterials at molecular level.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of airborne dust particles collected during Asian dust storms (Asian dust particles) on gene expression in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the inhibitory effects of piperine on tumor invasion and migration and the possible mechanisms involved using human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells.