Journal ArticleDOI
Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas.
Robert J. Hijmans,Susan E. Cameron,Susan E. Cameron,Juan L. Parra,Peter G. Jones,Andy Jarvis +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this paper, the authors developed interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (excluding Antarctica) at a spatial resolution of 30 arc s (often referred to as 1-km spatial resolution).Abstract:
We developed interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (excluding Antarctica) at a spatial resolution of 30 arc s (often referred to as 1-km spatial resolution). The climate elements considered were monthly precipitation and mean, minimum, and maximum temperature. Input data were gathered from a variety of sources and, where possible, were restricted to records from the 1950–2000 period. We used the thin-plate smoothing spline algorithm implemented in the ANUSPLIN package for interpolation, using latitude, longitude, and elevation as independent variables. We quantified uncertainty arising from the input data and the interpolation by mapping weather station density, elevation bias in the weather stations, and elevation variation within grid cells and through data partitioning and cross validation. Elevation bias tended to be negative (stations lower than expected) at high latitudes but positive in the tropics. Uncertainty is highest in mountainous and in poorly sampled areas. Data partitioning showed high uncertainty of the surfaces on isolated islands, e.g. in the Pacific. Aggregating the elevation and climate data to 10 arc min resolution showed an enormous variation within grid cells, illustrating the value of high-resolution surfaces. A comparison with an existing data set at 10 arc min resolution showed overall agreement, but with significant variation in some regions. A comparison with two high-resolution data sets for the United States also identified areas with large local differences, particularly in mountainous areas. Compared to previous global climatologies, ours has the following advantages: the data are at a higher spatial resolution (400 times greater or more); more weather station records were used; improved elevation data were used; and more information about spatial patterns of uncertainty in the data is available. Owing to the overall low density of available climate stations, our surfaces do not capture of all variation that may occur at a resolution of 1 km, particularly of precipitation in mountainous areas. In future work, such variation might be captured through knowledgebased methods and inclusion of additional co-variates, particularly layers obtained through remote sensing. Copyright 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data
Jane Elith,Catherine H. Graham,Robert P. Anderson,Miroslav Dudík,Simon Ferrier,Antoine Guisan,Robert J. Hijmans,Falk Huettmann,John R. Leathwick,Anthony Lehmann,Jin Li,Lúcia G. Lohmann,Bette A. Loiselle,Glenn Manion,Craig Moritz,Miguel Nakamura,Yoshinori Nakazawa,Jacob C. M. Mc Overton,A. Townsend Peterson,Steven J. Phillips,Karen Richardson,Ricardo Scachetti-Pereira,Robert E. Schapire,Jorge Soberón,Stephen E. Williams,Mary S. Wisz,Niklaus E. Zimmermann +26 more
TL;DR: This work compared 16 modelling methods over 226 species from 6 regions of the world, creating the most comprehensive set of model comparisons to date and found that presence-only data were effective for modelling species' distributions for many species and regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors created a new dataset of spatially interpolated monthly climate data for global land areas at a very high spatial resolution (approximately 1 km2), including monthly temperature (minimum, maximum and average), precipitation, solar radiation, vapour pressure and wind speed, aggregated across a target temporal range of 1970-2000, using data from between 9000 and 60,000 weather stations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global distribution and burden of dengue
Samir Bhatt,Peter W. Gething,Oliver J. Brady,Jane P. Messina,Andrew Farlow,Catherine L. Moyes,John M. Drake,John M. Drake,John S. Brownstein,Anne G. Hoen,Osman Sankoh,Osman Sankoh,Monica F. Myers,Dylan B. George,Thomas Jaenisch,G. R. William Wint,Cameron P. Simmons,Thomas W. Scott,Thomas W. Scott,Jeremy Farrar,Jeremy Farrar,Simon I. Hay,Simon I. Hay +22 more
TL;DR: These new risk maps and infection estimates provide novel insights into the global, regional and national public health burden imposed by dengue and will help to guide improvements in disease control strategies using vaccine, drug and vector control methods, and in their economic evaluation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil
Clayton Alcarde Alvares,José Luiz Stape,Paulo Cesar Sentelhas,José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves,Gerd Sparovek +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a geographical information system to identify Koppen's climate types based on monthly temperature and rainfall data from 2,950 weather stations in Brazil, and the results are presented as maps, graphs, diagrams and tables, allowing users to interpret the occurrence of climate types in Brazil.
Journal ArticleDOI
The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations--a new environmental record for monitoring extremes.
Chris Funk,Pete Peterson,Martin Landsfeld,Diego Pedreros,James P. Verdin,Shraddhanand Shukla,Gregory Husak,James Rowland,Laura Harrison,Andrew Hoell,Joel Michaelsen +10 more
TL;DR: The Variable Infiltration Capacity model, a novel blending procedure incorporating the spatial correlation structure of CCD-estimates to assign interpolation weights, is presented and it is shown that CHIRPS can support effective hydrologic forecasts and trend analyses in southeastern Ethiopia.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Temperature Database
TL;DR: The Global Historical Climatology Network version 2 temperature database was released in May 1997 as discussed by the authors, which consists of monthly surface observations from ∼7000 stations from around the world and includes data for additional stations to improve regional-scale analyses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interpolating mean rainfall using thin plate smoothing splines
TL;DR: Thin plate smoothing splines provide accurate, operationally straightforward and computationally efficient solutions to the problem of the spatial interpolation of annual mean rainfall for a standard period from point data which contains many short period rainfall means.
The IIASA Database for Mean Monthly Values of Temperature, Precipitation, and Cloudiness on a Global Terrestrial Grid
Rik Leemans,Wolfgang Cramer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a database for current climate for a global terrestrial grid has been created using weather records from many different sources, including average monthly temperature, precipitation, and cloudiness values are included in the data set.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new method for detecting undocumented discontinuities in climatological time series
TL;DR: In this article, a method based on a combination of regression analysis and non-parametric statistics was proposed to detect inhomogeneities in the time series of a climatological time series.
Journal ArticleDOI
The point-radius method for georeferencing locality descriptions and calculating associated uncertainty
TL;DR: This work describes a method for georeferencing locality descriptions that accounts for the idiosyncrasies, sources of uncertainty, and practical maintenance requirements encountered when working with natural history collections, and allows for the use of uncertainty in analyses that use these data.
Related Papers (5)
Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data
Jane Elith,Catherine H. Graham,Robert P. Anderson,Miroslav Dudík,Simon Ferrier,Antoine Guisan,Robert J. Hijmans,Falk Huettmann,John R. Leathwick,Anthony Lehmann,Jin Li,Lúcia G. Lohmann,Bette A. Loiselle,Glenn Manion,Craig Moritz,Miguel Nakamura,Yoshinori Nakazawa,Jacob C. M. Mc Overton,A. Townsend Peterson,Steven J. Phillips,Karen Richardson,Ricardo Scachetti-Pereira,Robert E. Schapire,Jorge Soberón,Stephen E. Williams,Mary S. Wisz,Niklaus E. Zimmermann +26 more