Journal ArticleDOI
Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas.
Robert J. Hijmans,Susan E. Cameron,Susan E. Cameron,Juan L. Parra,Peter G. Jones,Andy Jarvis +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this paper, the authors developed interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (excluding Antarctica) at a spatial resolution of 30 arc s (often referred to as 1-km spatial resolution).Abstract:
We developed interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (excluding Antarctica) at a spatial resolution of 30 arc s (often referred to as 1-km spatial resolution). The climate elements considered were monthly precipitation and mean, minimum, and maximum temperature. Input data were gathered from a variety of sources and, where possible, were restricted to records from the 1950–2000 period. We used the thin-plate smoothing spline algorithm implemented in the ANUSPLIN package for interpolation, using latitude, longitude, and elevation as independent variables. We quantified uncertainty arising from the input data and the interpolation by mapping weather station density, elevation bias in the weather stations, and elevation variation within grid cells and through data partitioning and cross validation. Elevation bias tended to be negative (stations lower than expected) at high latitudes but positive in the tropics. Uncertainty is highest in mountainous and in poorly sampled areas. Data partitioning showed high uncertainty of the surfaces on isolated islands, e.g. in the Pacific. Aggregating the elevation and climate data to 10 arc min resolution showed an enormous variation within grid cells, illustrating the value of high-resolution surfaces. A comparison with an existing data set at 10 arc min resolution showed overall agreement, but with significant variation in some regions. A comparison with two high-resolution data sets for the United States also identified areas with large local differences, particularly in mountainous areas. Compared to previous global climatologies, ours has the following advantages: the data are at a higher spatial resolution (400 times greater or more); more weather station records were used; improved elevation data were used; and more information about spatial patterns of uncertainty in the data is available. Owing to the overall low density of available climate stations, our surfaces do not capture of all variation that may occur at a resolution of 1 km, particularly of precipitation in mountainous areas. In future work, such variation might be captured through knowledgebased methods and inclusion of additional co-variates, particularly layers obtained through remote sensing. Copyright 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Drylands extent and environmental issues. A global approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the global, continental and national extent of dryland areas was quantified by using a high-resolution climate database presently available at global level, based on relevant scientific literature, this approach attempts to briefly highlight the main environmental issues (natural and anthropogenic) of major continental and regional dryland regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance
Marcos Fernández-Martínez,Sara Vicca,Ivan A. Janssens,Jordi Sardans,Sebastiaan Luyssaert,Matteo Campioli,F. S. Chapin,Philippe Ciais,Yadvinder Malhi,Michael Obersteiner,Dario Papale,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Markus Reichstein,Ferran Rodà,Josep Peñuelas +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of findings from 92 forests in different climate zones reveals that nutrient availability plays a crucial role in determining forest carbon balance, primarily through its influence on respiration rates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics
J. W. Ferry Slik,Gary D. Paoli,Krista L. McGuire,Iêda Leão do Amaral,Jorcely Barroso,Meredith L. Bastian,Lilian Blanc,Frans Bongers,Patrick Boundja,Connie J. Clark,Murray Collins,Murray Collins,Gilles Dauby,Yi Ding,Jean-Louis Doucet,Eduardo Schmidt Eler,Leandro Valle Ferreira,Olle Forshed,Gabriella Fredriksson,Jean-François Gillet,David Harris,Miguel E. Leal,Yves Laumonier,Yadvinder Malhi,Asyraf Mansor,Emanuel H. Martin,Kazuki Miyamoto,Alejandro Araujo-Murakami,Hidetoshi Nagamasu,Reuben Nilus,Eddy Nurtjahya,Atila Alves de Oliveira,Onrizal Onrizal,Alexander Parada-Gutierrez,Andrea Permana,Lourens Poorter,John R. Poulsen,Hirma Ramírez-Angulo,Jan Reitsma,Francesco Rovero,Andes Hamuraby Rozak,Douglas Sheil,Douglas Sheil,Javier E. Silva-Espejo,Marcos Silveira,Wilson Roberto Spironelo,Hans ter Steege,Tariq Stévart,Gilberto Enrique Navarro-Aguilar,Terry Sunderland,Eizi Suzuki,Jianwei Tang,Ida Theilade,Geertje M. F. van der Heijden,Geertje M. F. van der Heijden,Johan van Valkenburg,Tran Van Do,Emilio Vilanova,Vincent A. Vos,Serge A. Wich,Hannsjoerg Wöll,Tsuyoshi Yoneda,Runguo Zang,Ming-Gang Zhang,Nicole Zweifel +64 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales.
Constraints on Interpretation of Ecological Niche Models by Limited Environmental Ranges on Calibration Areas: Software Script Appendix
Hannah L. Owens,Lindsay P. Campbell,L. Lynnette Dornak,Erin E. Saupe,Narayani Barve,Jorge Soberón,Kate Ingenloff,Andrés Lira-Noriega,Christopher Michael Hensz,Corinne Myers,A. Townsend Peterson +10 more
TL;DR: Software for 1-dimensional plots of species' responses to environment, and for MOP calculations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4 ◦ C+ world
TL;DR: The impacts of a changing climate on agricultural production in a world that warms by 4°C or more are likely to be severe in places in sub-Saharan Africa as discussed by the authors.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids
Timothy D. Mitchell,Philip Jones +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a database of monthly climate observations from meteorological stations is constructed and checked for inhomogeneities in the station records using an automated method that refines previous methods by using incomplete and partially overlapping records and by detecting inhomalities with opposite signs in different seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas
TL;DR: In this paper, the construction of a 10' latitude/longitude data set of mean monthly sur-face climate over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, was described, which includes 8 climate conditions: precipitation, wet-day frequency, temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humid-ity, sunshine duration, ground frost frequency and windspeed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology
Mark New,Mike Hulme,Phil Jones +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, a 0.5° lat × 0. 5° long surface climatology of global land areas, excluding Antarctica, is described, which represents the period 1961-90 and comprises a suite of nine variables: precipitation, wet-day frequency, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, vapor pressure, sunshine, cloud cover, ground frost frequency, and wind speed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrain
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for generating daily surfaces of temperature, precipitation, humidity, and radiation over large regions of complex terrain is presented, based on the spatial convolution of a truncated Gaussian weighting filter with the set of station locations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A knowledge-based approach to the statistical mapping of climate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a knowledge-based framework for climate mapping using a statistical regression model known as PRISM (parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model).
Related Papers (5)
Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data
Jane Elith,Catherine H. Graham,Robert P. Anderson,Miroslav Dudík,Simon Ferrier,Antoine Guisan,Robert J. Hijmans,Falk Huettmann,John R. Leathwick,Anthony Lehmann,Jin Li,Lúcia G. Lohmann,Bette A. Loiselle,Glenn Manion,Craig Moritz,Miguel Nakamura,Yoshinori Nakazawa,Jacob C. M. Mc Overton,A. Townsend Peterson,Steven J. Phillips,Karen Richardson,Ricardo Scachetti-Pereira,Robert E. Schapire,Jorge Soberón,Stephen E. Williams,Mary S. Wisz,Niklaus E. Zimmermann +26 more