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Wavelength modulation spectroscopy: combined frequency and intensity laser modulation

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TLDR
A theoretical model of wavelength modulation spectroscopy that uses a laser diode on a Lorentzian absorption line and the effect of several modulation parameters on the detected signals is evaluated, confirming the relevance of the model.
Abstract
A theoretical model of wavelength modulation spectroscopy that uses a laser diode on a Lorentzian absorption line is presented. This theory describes the general case of a current-modulated semiconductor laser, for which a combined intensity and frequency modulation with an arbitrary phase shift occurs. On the basis of this model, the effect of several modulation parameters on the detected signals is evaluated. Experimental signals measured on an absorption line of CO2 by use of a 2-microm distributed-feedback laser are also presented and validate this analysis. These experimental results agree with the calculated signals, confirming the relevance of the model.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Continuously Wavelength-Tunable Light Source With Constant-Power Output for Elimination of Residual Amplitude Modulation

TL;DR: In this article, a continuously wavelength-tunable light source with constant power output is presented, where the unwanted optical power modulation companying with the wavelength modulation of the distributed feedback laser diode by the injection current is successfully offset by the external amplitude modulation of electro-optic modulator.
Journal ArticleDOI

An auto-correction laser photoacoustic spectrometer based on 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy

TL;DR: An auto-correction laser photoacoustic spectrometer based on 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) has been proposed and demonstrated for trace gas detection to eliminate concentration measurement errors due to light power variations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy: symmetry approach and residual amplitude modulation normalization.

TL;DR: This paper used measurements of the 1650.96 nm absorption line for 1% and 8% methane concentration in the 60-100 kPa pressure range to validate the efficacy of this new RAM recovery technique and demonstrated a calibration-free system.
Journal ArticleDOI

Simultaneous measurement of CO and CO2 at elevated temperatures by diode laser wavelength modulated spectroscopy

TL;DR: In this paper, a single semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser is used to demonstrate the possibility of simultaneous measurements of CO and CO2 at elevated temperatures, and the concentrations were determined from the WMS-1 normalized absorption-based WMS 2f signal peak heights of a proper line pair of CO.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Sensitive Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Mid-Infrared High-Power Laser and Enhanced Gas Absorption.

TL;DR: The detection performance of such a PAS-based carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor with a high-power laser and an enhanced gas absorption was demonstrated and showed that such a sensor had an excellent linear response to the optical power and gas concentration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy: a new method for measuring weak absorptions and dispersions.

TL;DR: A new type of wavelength-modulation laser spectroscopy is accomplished by utilizing an external phase modulator driven at radio frequencies large compared to the width of the spectral feature of interest.
Journal ArticleDOI

Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers — Comparison of experiment and theory

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of experiments are carried out by current modulating a tunable diode laser, and slowly ramping the wavelength to scan weak absorption lines in gases at pressures ranging from 2 to 60 Torr.
Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency modulation and wavelength modulation spectroscopies:comparison of experimental methods using a lead-salt diode laser

TL;DR: Both of the FMS methods, which require modulating the laser at frequencies >/= 150 MHz, give relatively poor results due to inefficient coupling of the modulation waveform to the laser current, and the re ults obtained agree well with theory.
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