Showing papers on "Brand equity published in 2003"

Brand Synthesis: The Multidimensionality of Brand Knowledge

Abstract: The increased priority placed on branding by marketers in recent years offers an opportunity for consumer researchers to provide valuable insights and guidance. In particular, in highly competitive marketplaces, marketers often must link their brands to other entities, for example, people, places, things, or other brands, as a means to improve their brand equity. Understanding this leveraging process requires understanding consumer brand knowledge and how it changes from such associations. In this essay, I identify some promising and productive current research on this topic, and I suggest some important issues for future research. I conclude that adopting broader, more holistic perspectives that synthesize the multidimensionality of brand knowledge is critical to advance branding theory and practice, both in general and with brand leveraging in particular.

You Are What They Eat: The Infulence of Reference Groups on Consumers' Connections to Brands

Abstract: The set of associations consumers have about a brand is an important component of brand equity. This paper focuses on reference groups as a source of brand associations, which can be linked to one's mental representation of self to meet self-verification or self-enhancement goals. We conceptualize this linkage at an aggregate level in terms of self-brand connections, i.e., the extent to which individuals have incorporated a brand into their self-concept. Two studies show that brands used by member groups and aspiration groups can become connected to consumers' mental representation of self as they use these brands to define and create their self-concepts. Results from Experiment 1 show that the degree to which member group and aspiration group usage influences individual self-brand connections is contingent upon the degree to which the individual belongs to a member group or wishes to belong to an aspiration group. Experiment 2 finds that for individuals with self-enhancement goals, aspiration group brand use has a greater impact on self-brand connections; for individuals with self-verification goals, on the other hand, member group use has a greater impact.

Teaching Old Brands New Tricks: Retro Branding and the Revival of Brand Meaning

Abstract: Retro brands are relaunched historical brands with updated features. The authors conduct a "netnographic" analysis of two prominent retro brands, the Volkswagen New Beetle and Star Wars: Episode I — The Phantom Menace, that reveals the importance of Allegory (brand story), Aura (brand essence), Arcadia (idealized community), and Antinomy (brand paradox). Retro brand meanings are predicated on a Utopian communal element and an enlivening paradoxical essence. Retro brand management involves an uneasy, cocreative, and occasionally clamorous alliance between producers and consumers.

Revenue Premium as an Outcome Measure of Brand Equity

Abstract: The authors propose that the revenue premium a brand generates compared with that of a private label product is a simple, objective, and managerially useful product-market measure of brand equity. The authors provide the conceptual basis for the measure, compute it for brands in several packaged goods categories, and test its validity. The empirical analysis shows that the measure is reliable and reflects real changes in brand health over time. It correlates well with other equity measures, and the measure’s association with a brand’s advertising and promotion activity, price sensitivity, and perceived category risk is consistent with theory.

How perceived brand globalness creates brand value

Abstract: In today's multinational marketplace, it is increasingly important to understand why some consumers prefer global brands to local brands We delineate three pathways through which perceived brand globalness (PBG) influences the likelihood of brand purchase Using consumer data from the USA and Korea, we find that PBG is positively related to both perceived brand quality and prestige and, through them, to purchase likelihood The effect through perceived quality is strongest PBG effects are weaker for more ethnocentric consumers

Do brand personality scales really measure brand personality

Abstract: Since 1997, literature and research on the concept of brand personality have been flourishing, and specific scales have gone into widespread use in academic circles, unchallenged on their validity. Brand personality is certainly a key facet of a brand identity. As this paper will demonstrate, however, the current scales of brand personality do not in fact measure brand personality, but merge a number of dimensions of brand identity — personality being only one of them — which need to be kept separate both on theoretical grounds and for practical use. Brand research and theorising, as well as managerial practice, have nothing to gain from the present state of unchallenged conceptual confusion.

Creating powerful brands in consumer, service and industrial markets

Abstract: This is the third edition of one of world's most respected and successful books on branding. Written by an internationally acclaimed branding expert and author of From Brand Vision to Brand Evaluation, it has been comprehensively revised and updated with a raft of new cases and examples. The book gives the professional and the student a deep understanding of the functioning and management of the modern brand and contains: Powerful analysis of new areas such as e-branding and e-marketing A completely new set of advertising and brand images to illustrate key points A powerful analysis of the key drivers of brand value There can be no doubt that the power of brands in the international marketplace is still growing, and that Creating Powerful Brands, third edition, can explain both why and how they work. Comprehensive coverage of brand management Applications orientated, yet grounded on solid theory Frameworks organizing the principles of brand building

The marketing advantages of strong brands

Abstract: Building strong brands has become a marketing priority for many organisations. The presumption is that building a strong brand yields a number of marketing advantages. In this paper, a comprehensive summary of empirical findings is provided from some of the major marketing journals that reveal how brand strength, operationalised in various ways, can create differential responses by consumers to various marketing activities — a well-accepted view of brand equity. Additionally, some underlying theoretical mechanisms on which these findings are based are identified and organised. Lastly, some current gaps in the literature are identified, and an agenda put forth for future research on the marketing advantages of strong brands.

Destination branding and the role of the stakeholders: the case of New Zealand

Abstract: Managing a destination brand presents many challenges, and this paper opens by briefly reviewing the destination brand management context. It focuses particularly on the political processes involved in successful brand management and on the vital role of public and private sector stakeholders. Critical to the creation of a durable destination brand is the identification of the brand’s values, the translation of those into a suitably emotionally appealing personality and the targeted and efficient delivery of that message. While this is difficult to achieve in destination marketing, it is not impossible and, having reviewed some of the key issues in brand management, the paper explores the context and creation of the New Zealand brand. It identifies the stakeholders crucial to the delivery of this destination brand and examines the positioning process and the creation of its largely web-driven strategy. The paper suggests that through stakeholder partnerships and the harnessing of non-traditional media, To...

The effect of consumer‐based brand equity on firms’ financial performance

Abstract: Examines the underlying dimensions of brand equity and how they affect financial performance of hotel firms. The results of this empirical study, using data collected from 12 luxury hotels, indicate that brand loyalty, perceived quality, and brand image are important components of consumer‐based brand equity. The result implies that hotel firms should seriously consider brand loyalty, perceived quality, and brand image when attempting to establish definite brand equity from the customers’ viewpoint. A review of detailed measures constituting these three variables, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image, shows that most measures affect financial performances of hotels. Nonparametric correlation analysis provides fairly convincing evidence of the effect that consumer‐based brand equity has on a firm’s financial performance in the hotel industry

Core value-based corporate brand building

Abstract: The aim of this article is to introduce a conceptual framework for a corporate brand building process based on core values The nature, role, and function of core values are considered a central part of the value foundation of a corporate brand In line with this reasoning, a distinction is also made between three groups of values: organisational values, core values, and added values This article is based on research into the brand building efforts of more than 50 major companies over a period of ten years The Volvo case is used as an illustration and places special emphasis on internal processes The role of the core values in the ten steps of the framework is explored and illustrated The work is based on first‐hand experiences, interviews, and unique internal strategy documents from Volvo The discussion defines core values as overarching concepts that summarise the identity of the corporate brand and as guiding lights for the brand building process Another conclusion drawn from the article is that core values are vital for continuity, consistency and credibility in a value‐creating process The theoretical and practical implications of using core values as a unifying common thread are discussed in relation to the paradigm of brand orientation

Internet-based brand management and marketing communication instrumentation network for deploying, installing and remotely programming brand-building server-side driven multi-mode virtual Kiosks on the World Wide Web (WWW), and methods of brand marketing communication between brand marketers and consumers using the same

Abstract: A functionally-integrated consumer product and service brand marketing communication system and method which enables manufacturers, retailers, their respective agents, and consumers to carry out four basic product-related marketing communication functions along the demand-side of the retail chain, namely: enabling manufacturers' marketing, brand and/or product managers to create and manage a composite brand image for each consumer product being offered for sale in both physical and electronic marketplaces; enabling manufacturers, retailers, and their advertising and marketing agents to display consumer product advertisements to consumers, at or near the point of purchase or sale within both physical and electronic retail shopping environments, in a way which is guaranteed to project the manufacturer's intended brand image while positively influencing product demand; enabling retailers, manufacturers, and their marketing and promotional agents to promote consumer products with consumers within physical and electronic retail shopping environments in order to positively influence (i.e. reduce) the supply of such products in inventory and promote sales and profits; and enabling consumers to request and obtain reliable information about a manufacturer's product in order to make informed/educated purchases along the demand side of the retail chain, while enabling retailer purchasing agents to request and obtain reliable information about a manufacturer's product in order to make informed/educated purchases along the supply side, thereby influencing product demand in a positive manner.

The Communicative Power of Product Packaging: Creating Brand Identity via Lived and Mediated Experience

Abstract: Building on existing frameworks (customer-based brand equity, consumer-brand relationships, product symbolism/self concept), this paper forwards packaging as a product-related attribute critical to...

Reciprocal Spillover Effects: A Strategic Benefit of Brand Extensions:

Abstract: A commonly advanced rationale for the proliferation of brand extensions is companies’ motivation to leverage the equity in established brands, thereby developing profitable products relatively easily. A more interesting strategic argument for brand extensions that has been advanced is that extensions would favorably affect the image of the parent brand and thereby influence its choice. In this research, the authors investigate the existence of such reciprocal spillover effects emanating from the advertising of a brand extension. The authors use scanner panel data and study spillover effects of advertising on brand choice. They develop implications for brand and product line management.

Design Management: Using Design to Build Brand Value and Corporate Innovation

Abstract: Written by a leading authority in the fields of marketing and design, here is first book ever to bring together the theory and practice of design management. In eleven comprehensive chapters, Design Management offers time-tested tools for choosing the right design agency . . . integrating design in the organization . . . creating value and contributing to company performance . . . contributing to brand value and corporate vision . . . and implementing design projects. What's more, dozens of case studies, real-life examples, and leadership profiles illustrate essential theories from design, management, and marketing. An indispensable reference for every design and marketing professional. Copublished with the prestigious Design Management Institute in Boston  Features case studies from leaders in design and marketing managementAllworth Press, an imprint of Skyhorse Publishing, publishes a broad range of books on the visual and performing arts, with emphasis on the business of art. Our titles cover subjects such as graphic design, theater, branding, fine art, photography, interior design, writing, acting, film, how to start careers, business and legal forms, business practices, and more. While we don't aspire to publish a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are deeply committed to quality books that help creative professionals succeed and thrive. We often publish in areas overlooked by other publishers and welcome the author whose expertise can help our audience of readers.

A Comparison of Online and Offline Consumer Brand Loyalty

Abstract: In this study we compare consumer brand loyalty in online and traditional shopping environments for over 100 brands in 19 grocery product categories. The online purchase data come from a large traditional grocery retailer that also operates an online store for its products. The offline data corresponds to the exact same brands and categories bought in traditional stores by a panel of homes operated by ACNielsen for purchases made in the same city and over the same time period. We compare the observed loyalty with a baseline model, a new segmented Dirichlet model, which has latent classes for brand choice and provides a very accurate model for purchase behavior. The results show that observed brand loyalty for high market share brands bought online is significantly greater than expected, with the reverse result for small share brands. In contrast, in the traditional shopping environment, the difference between observed and predicted brand loyalty is not related to brand share.

Performance consequences of brand equity management: evidence from organizations in the value chain

Abstract: Evaluating the consequences of brand equity management is one of the most important measurement issues for intangible assets in the new economy. Studies have validated the effect of brand equity on the value of the firm and addressed the capital market effects of intangible associations such as brand value. Yet, there is not sufficient evidence on which dimensions of brand equity should be measured and monitored to support financial performance. Using regression analysis on a sample of managers in Austrian organizations, this study investigates the effect of perceived brand equity on brand profitability, brand sales volume, and perceived customer value. Results indicate strong support for measures of perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand awareness as antecedents of firm performance, customer value and willingness to buy.

The Service Brand as Relationships Builder

Abstract: This article examines the appropriateness of the notion and application of relationship marketing in various contexts. Theoretical and conceptual similarities between the broad notions of 'the brand' and of relationship marketing as risk reducers, simplifiers of choice and guarantee of quality are uncovered. We put forward a notion of relationship marketing as a further step in the branding process, whereby whenever perceived risk and consumer involvement are high, relationship marketing acts as a supplementary tool enabling consumers to maintain cognitive consistency and psychological comfort. Experts' opinions regarding branding in a service context expanded on these concepts. Especially for more intangible offerings, such as financial services, the experts stressed the use of corporate brand identity as the basis of relationship building both inside and outside the organization and as a means to achieve differentiation and provide the focus for homogeneous and consistent service delivery. Finally, we suggest the concept of the service brand as a holistic process beginning with the relationship between the firm and its staff and coming alive during the interactions between staff and customers.

"Brought to you by Brand A and Brand B" Investigating Multiple Sponsors' Influence On Consumers' Attitudes Toward Sponsored Events

Abstract: Events, arts programs, and civic activities are oftentimes sponsored by more than one company/brand. In contrast to the interest in multiple-brand marketing activities in other areas of research (e.g., bundling, brand alliances, cooperative advertising), multiple-brand effects in sponsorship have been the subject of neither theoretical attention nor empirical research. This paper seeks to address this gap by investigating the impact of multiple sponsors on consumer evaluationsof the sponsored event.Priorattitudestoward the sponsors,the presence orabsence of a controversial/stigmatized product, the sponsor'snationality (domestic versus foreign), and product complementarity are explored in an experimental setting and demonstrate a twofold effectof a controversial sponsoron attitudestoward the event.Sponsor brand nationality and complementarity of products also affect consumers' attitudes toward the event. Implications for future research on multiple-brand sponsorship and marketer intentions are discussed.

Managing brand equity: a look at the impact of attributes

Abstract: Brand equity continues to be one of the critical areas for marketing management. This study explores some of the consequences attributes may have on brand equity such as the bias on consumer preference. For comparative purposes, a longitudinal study is conducted on the high involvement soft drink category using the top nine national soft drinks brands. In addition to brand equity and the top attributes being measured, overall preferences and the impact of other variables were included. Attributes are examined from a tangible and intangible perspective and both are found to be important contributors to brand equity and brand choice.

Brand equity’s influence on responses to event sponsorships

Abstract: Recent research into consumer responses to sponsorships has examined the role of sponsor‐event fit on cognitive and affective responses. However, influences on sponsor‐event fit have received little consideration. In this study, a sponsor’s brand equity is evaluated as a facilitator of sponsor‐event fit. Six sponsors (three high equity/three low equity) were paired with six events. Results of hypothesis testing indicated that sponsors with high brand equity were perceived as more congruent sponsors than sponsors with low brand equity even though the events sponsored were identical. Also, a positive relationship was found between sponsor‐event congruence and favorable attitudes toward the sponsor. Results of this study suggest that consumers’ attitudes toward sponsors are comprised of associations other than the sponsor‐event association. While lesser known brands can use sponsorship as a brand‐building vehicle, they may not attain the same level of results as their high equity counterparts.

Understanding brands, branding and brand equity

Abstract: Branding has become a top management priority which has necessitated that all members of an organisation have an understanding and appreciation of some branding basics. Towards that goal, this paper outlines some important principles of brands, branding and brand equity. The paper also highlights some key concepts in building, measuring and managing brand equity.

2+2=5? A framework for using co-branding to leverage a brand

Abstract: Co-branding involves combining two or more well-known brands into a single product. Used properly, it is an effective way to leverage strong brands. In this paper, co-branding is defined and differentiated from other types of branding alliance. The literature on co-branding is reviewed and a framework proposed to help managers identify co-branding opportunities to enhance the success of their products. The advantages and shortcomings of each of the proposed strategies are also discussed.

Factors Influencing Successful Brand Extensions

Abstract: Organisations frequently follow brand extension strategies. This paper investigates the impact of category similarity, brand reputation, perceived risk and consumer innovativeness on the success of brand extensions in FMCG, durable goods and services sectors. A set of hypotheses were developed and tested in a study amongst 701 consumers. The findings show that extensions into categories more similar to the original brand tend to be more readily accepted. Likewise, the reputation of the original brand is an important factor influencing the success of the extension. These findings are consistent across FMCG, durable goods and services brands. However, perceived risk about the extension category was only found to enhance acceptability of extensions for durable goods and services brands. Innovative consumers are more positively disposed towards service brand extensions than FMCG and durable goods brand extensions.

Production, Manufacturing and Logistics Retail promotions with negative brand image effects: Is cooperation possible?

Abstract: We consider a channel of distribution with a single manufacturer M and a retailer R. M advertises in national media to build up the image for one of his brands. R promotes locally the brand to increase sales revenue, but these efforts are harmful to the brand image. We address the question whether the two firms can agree to participate in a cooperative promotion program where M pays part of the costs incurred by R when promoting the brand. The model is a differential game with an infinite time horizon. Two Nash equilibria serve as benchmarks for assessing the feasibility of the cooperative program: one in which R is myopic and one in which R is far-sighted. Our results show that a cooperative program is implementable if the level of initial brand image is ‘‘small’’, or if the level of initial brand image is ‘‘intermediate’’ and promotion is not too damaging to the brand image. In the remaining cases a game without promotional support is played and R should behave myopically in such cases. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The negative impact of brand extensions on parent brand image

Abstract: In recent years, companies have been using brand extensions as a strategy for launching new products. The reason why this strategy has been popular is the fact that it decreases the risk of failure of new products, because consumers initially are more willing to accept products marketed under known brands. Nevertheless, this strategy is not free from risks, since it is not convenient for all the brands, and moreover it may have negative effects on the image of the extended brand. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the influence that brand extensions have on brand image. For this analysis, an experiment is performed that examines the most important variables to consider in using the brand extension strategy. After analysing the information obtained, reaches the conclusion that brand extension strategies may influence the brand image after the extension and that variables such as the brand image prior to the extension, the perceived quality of the extension and the fit between the parent brand and the new product also affect the image.

Equity in corporate co‐branding: The case of adidas and the All Blacks

Abstract: Corporate co‐branding is analysed within the context of a case study of the sponsorship relationship between adidas and the New Zealand Rugby Union. The study indicates that corporate brands may develop co‐branding relationships in order to redefine brand identity, discursively reposition the brand and build brand equity. Corporate co‐branding is established at a fundamental brand values level that, in turn, influences the type of marketing communication campaign that may be undertaken. Discourse theory provides insights into the importance of an articulation campaign in order to increase the equity of corporate brands. Co‐branding offers corporate brands access to the brand strategy of the co‐brand partner, the alignment of brand values, the marketing communication association and brand reach and network of relationships.