Showing papers on "Calyx published in 2018"
TL;DR: It is argued that the calyx, and associated temporal specializations, evolved to enable spatial localization of sound transients, through a neural code congruent with the circuit's sensitivity to interaural intensity differences, thereby conferring a key benefit to survival.
41 citations
TL;DR: A total of 135 volatiles were identified mainly terpenes, aldehydes, esters, furans, and ketones, and thirty-seven odorants were reported as potentially important aroma compounds based on GC-olfactometry.
21 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that sorrel extract shows promising potential for the treatment and/or management of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Abstract: This study revealed the effect of phenolic extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (sorrel) calyx on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and ecto-5′ nucl...
17 citations
TL;DR: Two new species of Oreocharis, O. tribracteata and O. rufescens, are described and a key to the species in Vietnam is provided.
Abstract: Two new species of Oreocharis, O. tribracteata and O. rufescens, are described and a key to the species in Vietnam is provided. The new species have distinct features not previously, or rarely, observed in the genus, both showing the partial fusion of the calyx lobes into a tube, and the presence of three bracts in Oreocharis tribracteata.
16 citations
TL;DR: Go analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in regulating various biological processes, plant hormone and auxin response, lignin metabolic process, DNA binding, intracellular membrane-bounded organelle and membranes-bounding organelle.
12 citations
TL;DR: It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length and fruit length, and the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits.
Abstract: According to the International Program for the Botanic Gardens Conservation, botanic gardens contribute to the conservation plant species, which are of great socio-economic importance, and develop and implement a policy to use herbal products derived from sustainably developing sources. The aim of this study was to determine morphometric parameters of fruits of seven genotypes of Mespilus germanica L., which are growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 35.29 to 39.12 g, fruit length from 27.69 to 42.29 mm, fruit diameter from 24.98 to 44.75 mm, length of calyx basin from 17.55 to 32.46 mm. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.79 to 1.23. It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length. Fruit weight was also highly correlated with calyx basin length and fruit length. Using the cluster analysis with Euclidian distances allowed to establish the relationships among the fruits Mespilus germanica germplasm and arranged the genotypes into five relatively homogenous clusters. Hence, the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits. Obtained data can be used for breeding programs and introducing of cultivars in Mespilus germanica.
12 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Two major classes of KCs, KI and KII, can be distinguished with different dendritic morphologies and axonal projections with respect to their location in the peduncle and lobes, and projection neurons originating in the sensory neuropils innervate the calyx in an orderly fashion.
Abstract: The mushroom body (MB) in the insect brain is composed of a large number of densely packed neurons called Kenyon cells (KCs) (Drosophila, 2500; hon-eybee, 170,000). In most insect species, the MB consists of two cap-like dorsal (developmentally: frontal) structures, the calyces, which contain the den-drites of KCs and two to four lobes formed by collaterals of branching KC axons. Although the MB receives input and provides output throughout its whole structure, the neuropil part of the calyx receives predominantly input from sensory projection neurons (PNs) of second or higher order, and the lobes send output neurons to many other parts of the brain, including recur-rent neurons to the MB calyx ( Fig. 44.1B ). Widely branching supposedly modulatory neurons innervate the MB at all levels (calyx, peduncle, lobes), including the somata of KCs in the calyx (dopamine) ( Fig. 44.1A ). Two major classes of KCs, KI and KII, can be distinguished with different dendritic morphologies and axonal projections with respect to their location in the peduncle and lobes. KII cells exhibit claw-like specializations in narrow dendritic trees, whereas wide-fi eld branching KI cells span larger areas in the calyx neuropil. The different subtypes of both cell types are found in all caly-cal neuropils. KII cell somata are located outside the calycal wall, whereas KI cell somata are clustered in the central (small somata) and the adjacent zones (large-diameter somata) within the calyces. KII axons project through the peduncle into the ventral α -lobe and anterior β -lobe, whereas KI cell axons occupy horizontally stratifi ed areas of the dorsal α-lobe and posterior β -lobe, representing the calycal zone’s lip, collar, and basal ring (Rybak and Menzel, 1993 ; Strausfeld, 2002 ).Projection neurons originating in the sensory neuropils innervate the calyx in an orderly fashion. Olfactory PNs branch predominantly in the lip, visual
11 citations
TL;DR: Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ‘Cruza Negra’ is the best cultivar because it presents the highest values of total and insoluble fiber, phenols, anthocyanins, DPPH, and ORAC, which contributed the most to the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of the roselle calyx.
Abstract: The chemical constituents of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) vary by environmental stimuli and cultivar. The effect of cultivars produced under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions on the mineral composition, chemical and nutraceutical quality of the calyx was evaluated. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse and hydroponic conditions, in a randomized complete design with three replicates and four plants per experimental unit. Treatments were formed by a six roselle cultivars: Cruza Negra, Criolla Huajicori, UAN25-1, UAN16-2, 4Q4, and UAN6-Puga. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ‘Cruza Negra’ is the best cultivar because it presents the highest values of total and insoluble fiber (395 and 260 g kg-1 dry basis [db]), total phenols (29.178 mg kg-1 db), anthocyanins (18.133 mg kg-1 db), 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; 645 mg kg-1 db), and the absorption capacity of oxygen radicals (ORAC; 240 mg kg-1 db). The highest contribution of minerals was observed in ‘Cruza Negra’ (K, Na, Zn, and Cu) and ‘Criolla Huajicori’ (Ca, Mg, S, and Mn), contributing significantly to the recommended daily intake (RDI). Variability was evident in all the quality characteristics evaluated in the greenhouse roselle calyx. Ash, total and insoluble fiber, phenols, anthocyanins, DPPH, and ORAC contributed the most to the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of the roselle calyx. These variables were influenced by the cultivar.
10 citations
TL;DR: Campanula leblebicii Yıldırım (Campanulaceae) is described here as a new species and shows morphological and ecological similarities with C. mugeana Y Turkey, but is easily distinguished from these taxa, especially by its glabrous habit.
Abstract: Campanula leblebicii Yildirim (Campanulaceae) is described here as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, and detailed illustrations are given herein. C. leblebicii is restricted to the Caldede Mountain in Kemalpasa district of Izmir Province in western Anatolia, Turkey. According to its morphological features, it belongs to Campanula L. subgenus Campanula section Rupestres (Boiss.) Charadze. It shows morphological and ecological similarities with C. mugeana Yildirim, belonging to C. section Quinqueloculares (Boiss.) Phitos., and to C. koyuncui Duman and C. teucrioides Boiss. belonging to C. section Rupestres . However, C. leblebicii is easily distinguished from these taxa, especially by its glabrous habit; stigma, 3-lobed, and capsule, open by 3 basal valves, shiny, and never concealing by enlarged appendages (from C. mugeana ); smaller calyx appendages; capsule never hidden by enlarged calyx appendages, and habitat phyllite-schistose rocks (from C. koyuncui ); entire leaves, calyx appendages minute, never enlarged after anthesis (from C. teucrioides ).
9 citations
TL;DR: A new species of Gesneriaceae, Hemiboea crystallina Y.Y.Chen from China and Vietnam, is described and illustrated and its morphological distinctiveness from the most similar species, HemIBoea flaccida Chun ex Z.H.Li, is discussed.
Abstract: A new species of Gesneriaceae, Hemiboea crystallina Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen from China and Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is diagnostic by the combination of its inflated nodes, glabrous stem, glabrous and lanceolate leaves, 4-winged involucre, margin-reflected calyx segments and the glabrous surface inside corolla. Among the species without hairy ring inside corolla, its morphological distinctiveness from the most similar species, Hemiboea flaccida Chun ex Z.Y.Li, is discussed.
TL;DR: The 13 new roselle genotypes had greater potential than the two commercial cultivars as they could be used as good sources of anthocyanin extract and high yielding rosele.
TL;DR: Leaf chlorophyll contents and calyx anthocyanin composition were positively increased with the increase in interval and compost application.
Abstract: ibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) isaherbal medicineplant that has severaluses, i.e. as a food or a flavouring agent in the food industry, and also in hot and cold beverages. It is a cash crop in arid and semi-arid zones. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation and compost applicationon Roselle in Rasheed, Egypt. Water supplyfrequency was divided into three different timingsin 2, 4 and 6 days intervals. In addition to mineral fertilizers, soil media were supported with compost as a soil amendment at 5, 10 and 15 t fed-1.
The positive effect of irrigation and compost application was monitored on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, branches and fruits, dry weight of plantand calyx. Leaf chlorophyll contents and calyx anthocyanin composition were positively increased with the increase in interval and compost application.
29 Aug 2018
TL;DR: An algorithm that uses the average of the principal components of two regions of the spectrum to identify the defects and couple this detection routine with a two-band ratio that discriminates the calyx and stem effectively detects defects in the presence of stem and calyx.
Abstract: The production of high-quality food products needs an efficient method to detect defects in food, this is particularly true in the production of apples. Hyperspectral image processing is a popular technique to carry out this detection. However, the stem and calyx of the apple provoke frequent detection errors. We analyze the spectrum of our apple data set, propose an algorithm that uses the average of the principal components of two regions of the spectrum to identify the defects, and couple this detection routine with a two-band ratio that discriminates the calyx and stem. Our study considers the spectral range between 403 nm and 998 nm. Our results include the detection of scab, bruise, crack, and cut with and without stem and calyx. We describe all the necessary parameters provided by our spectral analysis. Our algorithm has an overall accuracy of 95%. We conclude that our algorithm effectively detects defects in the presence of stem and calyx.
TL;DR: Spiradiclis quanzhouensis, a new species of Rubiaceae from northeastern Guangxi, China is described and illustrated in this paper, which is similar to S. umbelliformis, but can be distinguished by its rosulate habit, subglabrous stems, leaf blades that are pubescent on both surfaces, lanceolate purple-pubescent stipules that are undivided or sometimes bifid in apical 1/3.
Abstract: Spiradiclis quanzhouensis, a new species of Rubiaceae from northeastern Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. umbelliformis, but can be distinguished by its rosulate habit, subglabrous stems, leaf blades that are pubescent on both surfaces, lanceolate purple‐pubescent stipules that are undivided or sometimes bifid in apical 1/3, an inflorescence with 2–4 flowers, lanceolate 4–5 mm long calyx lobes that are purple‐pubescent outside, a salveriform corolla that is light purple‐pubescent outside, a semi‐inferior ovary, and capsules that are light purple‐pubescent with persistent calyx lobes 5–6 mm, in fruit 2 × as long as capsule.
TL;DR: A new species of microlicia is described, illustrated, and compared with M. ericoides and M. juniperina, probably endemic to Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Abstract: Microlicia frankii is described, illustrated, and compared with M. ericoides and M. juniperina . It is distinguished by its reduced habit (3–15 cm in height), leaves linear-oblong 2–5 mm long, glandular-punctate on both surfaces, flowers apical and solitary, calyx lobes narrowly-triangular 3.5–7 mm long, petals magenta, isomorphic stamens, and tetrasporangiate thecae. The new species is probably endemic to Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
TL;DR: It is shown that PsJOINTLESS may affect pedicel abscission zone development, and steady-state mRNA levels of five cell wall hydrolase genes coding for either functional or regulatory proteins were induced to higher levels in the transgenic lines.
TL;DR: It is suggested that weevil predation contributes to the maintenance of gynodioecy because female individuals successfully escaped weevilpredation by flowering late, and it remains unclear why flower phenology is different among sex morphs.
Abstract: Gynodioecy, the co-occurrence of hermaphrodite and female individuals within a species, is maintained by differential reproductive success between sexes. Recently, researchers recognized that not only pollinators but also herbivores are important agents in the evolution and maintenance of gynodioecy, when herbivory is hermaphrodite biased. In this study, we investigated whether there is hermaphrodite-biased herbivory in a gynodioecious plant, Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, and if so, what floral traits influenced hermaphrodite-biased herbivory. We measured flower morphology (flower diameter, calyx tube length, corolla height and petal width) and phenology of flowers of female individuals, hermaphrodites and gynomonoecious individuals in a natural population. We also investigated seed predation and predator species. At the study site, Sibinia weevils (Curculionidae; Coleoptera) and Coleophora moths (Coleophoridae; Lepidoptera) were common pre-dispersal seed predators in this species. The weevil appeared early in the flowering season, and weevil predation correlated with flower phenology. Because female individuals did not flower early in the season, weevil predation was less frequent in female individuals. Moth predation correlated with calyx length. The calyx length of flowers of female individuals was smaller than those of hermaphrodites, but a direct comparison of moth predation rates failed to find a significant difference among sex morphs. We found that the two seed predators had different effects on floral traits in D. superbus var. longicalycinus. We suggest that weevil predation contributes to the maintenance of gynodioecy because female individuals successfully escaped weevil predation by flowering late. It remains unclear why flower phenology is different among sex morphs.
TL;DR: A new species, Oxytropis ocrensis, is described from Central Apennines (Italy), which is morphologically closely related to O. halleri group, occurring in the Alps and Albania, from which it differs by longer calyx, larger lateral calyx teeth, long hairs on calyx tooth, smaller keel limb and larger diameter of stem under the inflorescence.
Abstract: A new species, Oxytropis ocrensis , is described from Central Apennines (Italy). This species is morphologically closely related to O. halleri group ( O. xerophila , O. halleri and O. korabensis ) occurring in the Alps and Albania, from which it differs by longer calyx, larger lateral calyx teeth, long hairs on calyx teeth, smaller keel limb and larger diameter of stem under the inflorescence. The taxonomic relationships of the new species with the hitherto known species of O. halleri group are examined and discussed.
TL;DR: It is found that Drosera tokaiensis closes petals within 2–10 min after experimental stimulation of the calyx, closed flowers or scapes with a pair of tweezers, and the petal closure may function as defense against a specialist florivore.
Abstract: Some plants rapidly close their leaves in response to mechanical stimulation, but no case is known in which mechanical stimulation causes rapid petal closure. In this study, we found that Drosera tokaiensis closes petals within 2–10 min after experimental stimulation of the calyx, closed flowers or scapes with a pair of tweezers. Although petal closure was induced more rapidly by touching a position closer to a flower, it was not induced by stimulating stamens and pistils. The habit of petal closure varies among species of Drosera: after experimental stimulations of the calyx or scapes, D. tokaiensis and D. spatulata often closed petals but D. rotundifolia and D. toyoakensis did not close them. The petal closure may function as defense against a specialist florivore.
TL;DR: A new species from the Danxia landform area in Guangxi, South China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data, and the molecular evidence shows that the new species is recovered in a weakly supported clade.
Abstract: Petrocodon asterocalyx F.Wen, Y.G.Wei & R.L.Zhang, a new species from the Danxia landform area in Guangxi, South China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data. The molecular evidence shows that the new species is recovered in a weakly supported clade. Within this clade, the new one is morphologically similar to P. hancei (Hemsl.) A.Weber & Mich.Moller and P. coriaceifolius (Y.G.Wei) Y.G.Wei & Mich.Moller, and it can be distinguished from the former by calyx lobes 20–40 × 2–3 mm, corolla 2.5–3.0 cm long, filaments sparsely erectly pubescent, anthers sparsely pubescent, staminodes 3, and stigmas 2; from latter by leaf blades rhombic-oblong or rhombic, base shallowly cuneate, margin crenulate to serrate, calyx lobes linear, 20–40 × 2–3 cm, and anthers 3.5–3.8 mm long, sparsely pubescent and elliptical.
TL;DR: The application of 7.5% roselle calyx ethanol extract could stimulate oral mucosal wound healing and showed a similar formation of the epidermis layer and no lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria.
Abstract: Objective: This study aim to analyze the effect of the roselle calyx ethanol extract on oral mucosal wound healing.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 month, 150 g) were housed under standard temperature conditions (20–22°C). Punch biopsy wounds were inflicted on the inferior labial mucosal membrane of rats. All treatments (normal saline; 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide; and 3.75%, 7.5%, and 15% roselle calyx ethanol extract) were applied 2 times daily. Wounded areas were observed after 8 days of treatment. The specimen of the wounded area was prepared and microscopic slides were analyzed under a light microscope.Results: The histological features of the groups treated with TA and 7.5% roselle calyx ethanol extract showed a similar formation of the epidermis layer and no lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria.Conclusion: The application of 7.5% roselle calyx ethanol extract could stimulate oral mucosal wound healing.
TL;DR: Endobeuthos paleosum gen. et sp. nov is based on 6 flowers preserved together in a single block of mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Endobeuthos paleosum gen. et sp. nov. is based on 6 flowers preserved together in a single block of mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma). The calyx is composed of ca. 50+ small, helically arranged sepals. The corolla consists of 5 imbricate petals forming a sheath-like structure that is usually concealed within the calyx. The petal tips are often spreading and exserted from the calyx. There are numerous stamens, each of which consists of a filament and an enlarged anther connective with a single lateral, bisporangiate theca. Dehiscence is extrorse. The tips of 3 or 4 styles are visible, indicating that the flowers are bisexual. The fossils possess unique features that prevent assignment to any modern family. However, the numerous sepals and stamens and a thickened anther connective may suggest an association of E. paleosum with the family Dilleniaceae.
TL;DR: This study implies the roles of population history and divergent selection in shaping the current cline of a flower trait in the series Sakawanum, which shows significant clinal variation in calyx lobe length.
TL;DR: It is suggested that fruit set depends on the induction of gibberellin (GA) and IAA responses in the persimmon, and since there is no shortage of hormones or carbohydrates at anthesis, ethylene production at Anthesis seems the most plausible cause of the physiological fruitlet abscission.
TL;DR: Pathogenicity tests showed that all C. cassiicola isolates of different plant species were able to induce lesions in roselle leaves and calyces, and disease management should include eradication of these alternative hosts.
Abstract: Corynespora cassiicola causes the leaf and calyx spot of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Mexico. A survey was conducted to identify potential inoculum sources of this pathogenic fungus on cultivated plants and weeds in the main producing areas of roselle in Mexico. Identification of the fungus species was based on morphology and sequences of partial Actin and EF-1α genes. The fungus was found infecting Solanum lycopersicum, Chromolaena odorata, Senna alata, Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia oerstediana, Passiflora viridiflora, Momordica charantia, Ricinus communis and Gossypium hirsutum. To our knowledge, all these plant species, with the exception of Solanum lycopersicum, are new records as hosts for C. cassiicola in Mexico, and the species Eugenia oerstediana and Passiflora viridiflora as new hosts worldwide. Pathogenicity tests showed that all C. cassiicola isolates of different plant species were able to induce lesions in roselle leaves and calyces. Disease management should include eradication of these alternative hosts.
TL;DR: Using an odor discrimination learning paradigm, it is suggested that sVUM1 neurons modify odor representations via multiple extrinsic inputs at the sensory input area to the MB olfactory learning circuit.
Abstract: The insect mushroom bodies (MBs) are essential for associative olfactory learning, and their sensory input region, the MB calyx, is organized in discrete glomeruli, most of which receive stereotypic input from olfactory projection neurons (PNs). Odors are represented by activity of MB neurons, the Kenyon Cells (KCs) using a sparse code that allows odor discrimination during learning. Octopamine (OA) is a neurotransmitter that signals reward in associative learning and arousal, in insects including Drosophila. The calyx receives OA innervation from two neurons, sVUMmd1 and sVUMmx1, originating from their respective neuromeres in the suboesophageal zone (SEZ). To understand how these OA inputs might influence odor discrimination in the MBs, we analyzed their pattern of innervation of the MB calyx, their connectivity with the other neurons that innervate the calyx, and their influence on sensory discrimination during learning. Clonal labeling of multiple single neurons showed that the two sVUM1 neurons innervated all regions of the calyx. GRASP (GFP Reconstitution Among Synaptic Partners) revealed contacts of sVUM1 neurons in the calyx with olfactory PNs, the inhibitory neuron APL, extensively with an extrinsic neuron with dendrites throughout the calyx, but not with KCs. A GFP protein trap of the OA receptor Oamb, a Drosophila alpha-1-adrenergic receptor ortholog, localized to PN terminals in the calyx. In a behavioral odor discrimination assay, activating a set of 5 OA neurons, including the sVUM1 neurons, compromised the ability to discriminate similar odors. Our results support a model, in which OA release from sVUM1 neurons can modify release from PN terminals, thus increasing the sensitivity but decreasing discrimination in the olfactory learning pathway.
TL;DR: A new species growing in rocky crevices on a limestone hill in Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated, which is morphologically similar to P. repanda, but can be distinguished from its congeners by the different shape of leaves, bracts and calyx.
Abstract: Primulina cangwuensis X. Hong & F. Wen (Gesneriaceae), a new species growing in rocky crevices on a limestone hill in Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P. repanda, P. subulata, P. jianghuaensis and P. lobulata, but can be distinguished from its congeners by the different shape of leaves, bracts and calyx, as well as by the different indumentum of pedicels and stamens.
TL;DR: The segregation of the hexaploid tobacco progeny was evaluated with both SSR markers and morphological traits of the flowers and Chi-square analysis showed that the segregation ratio of the SSR loci in the aneuploid progeny were between 1:1 and 2:1.
Abstract: Few reports have been seen on the segregation of polyploids and on the relationship between the segregation of SSR loci and that of the morphological traits in polyploid progeny. This paper attempted to gain an insight into the segregation of the hexaploid tobacco progeny and to understand the correlation of the segregation of SSR loci with that of the flower morphological traits. The segregation was evaluated with both SSR markers and morphological traits of the flowers. Twenty pairs of SSR primers were screened and a total of 42 SSR loci were identified. Chi-square analysis showed that the segregation ratio of the SSR loci in the aneuploid progeny was between 1:1 and 2:1. Six morphological traits of flowers, including the lengths of the flower and the calyx, the widths of the calyx, the corolla tube and the corolla, and the coloring of the flower, from 180 progeny and 2 progenitor plants, were determined and Chi-square analyzed. All traits were in consistent also with a segregation ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 except the width of the calyx.
TL;DR: Three new species of Salvia ozolotepecensis, S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico, are described and illustrated as three new species, and their phylogenetic position is discussed.
Abstract: Salvia ozolotepecensis , S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico, are described and illustrated as three new species. The first one is characterized by its glandular-capitate pubescence in stems, leaves and inflorescences, mostly persistent floral bracts, entire and 5-veined upper calyx lip, red corolla, epapillate inside, included stamens, and connective ornate with opposed retrorse and antrorse teeth bordering an incision. It is most similar to S. perlonga and S. praestans to which it is compared. The second can be distinguished in having ovate to ovate-deltoid leaf blades, entire, acute and 7-veined upper calyx lips, red corollas, internally ornate near the base with two slender linguiform papillae, upper corolla lip shorter than the lower one, exserted stamens and glabrous style. This new taxon is morphologically similar to the species belonging to Salvia sections Cardinales , Charantia , Incarnatae , Flexuosa , Fulgentes , Iodophyllae and Pedicellata ; although, it cannot be unambiguously assigned to one of these. In contrast, S. sirenis clearly belongs to S. sect. Scorodonia ; amongst the species therein, the new species can be differentiated by the concolorous leaves, rounded to slightly oblique at base, 6–8-flowered floral nodes, longer floral bracts, pedicels, calyces and corollas, and 5 or 7-veined upper calyx lip. Also, it represents an addition to Mexican Salvia with white corollas. The molecular markers ITS, trn L -trn F and trn H- psb A were sequenced for two of the three new species, and their phylogenetic position is discussed.