Showing papers on "Component (UML) published in 2005"

On the practical genetic algorithms

Abstract: This paper offers practical design-guidelines for developing efficient genetic algorithms (GAs) to successfully solve real-world problems. As an important design component, a practical population-sizing model is presented and verified.

Hierarchical Probabilistic Neural Network Language Model.

Abstract: In recent years, variants of a neural network architecture for statistical language modeling have been proposed and successfully applied, e.g. in the language modeling component of speech recognizers. The main advantage of these architectures is that they learn an embedding for words (or other symbols) in a continuous space that helps to smooth the language model and provide good generalization even when the number of training examples is insufficient. However, these models are extremely slow in comparison to the more commonly used n-gram models, both for training and recognition. As an alternative to an importance sampling method proposed to speed-up training, we introduce a hierarchical decomposition of the conditional probabilities that yields a speed-up of about 200 both during training and recognition. The hierarchical decomposition is a binary hierarchical clustering constrained by the prior knowledge extracted from the WordNet semantic hierarchy.

Causation and Causal Inference in Epidemiology

Abstract: Concepts of cause and causal inference are largely self-taught from early learning experiences. A model of causation that describes causes in terms of sufficient causes and their component causes illuminates important principles such as multi-causality, the dependence of the strength of component causes on the prevalence of complementary component causes, and interaction between component causes. Philosophers agree that causal propositions cannot be proved, and find flaws or practical limitations in all philosophies of causal inference. Hence, the role of logic, belief, and observation in evaluating causal propositions is not settled. Causal inference in epidemiology is better viewed as an exercise in measurement of an effect rather than as a criterion-guided process for deciding whether an effect is present or not.

System and method for identifying and controlling ophthalmic surgical devices and components

Abstract: System and method for identifying a component, such as an optical probe or pneumatic scissors, of an ophthalmic surgical device. A component of a surgical device includes an identifier (102), such as a RFID tag. Data from the RFID tag is transmitted to a RFID reader in the device. A controller (115) determines whether the component corresponding to the received data is operable with the surgical device based on criteria, such as whether the received data is an authorized code that matches data stored in memory or whether the received data solves or satisfies an algorithm. The authorized codes are selected from a larger set of available codes. The controller enables or disables the operation of the device with the component based on whether the criteria is satisfied, the number of uses of the component, an amount of time that has passed since the component has been used, or a geographic location. The RFID data can also be used to calibrate the surgical device for use with the particular component and for inventory and monitoring purposes.

Issues in the classification of multimodal communication signals.

Abstract: Communication involves complex behavior in multiple sensory channels, or “modalities.” We provide an overview of multimodal communication and its costs and benefits, place examples of signals and displays from an array of taxa, sensory systems, and functions into our signal classification system, and consider issues surrounding the categorization of multimodal signals. The broadest level of classification is between signals with redundant and nonredundant components, with finer distinctions in each category. We recommend that researchers gather information on responses to each component of a multimodal signal as well as the response to the signal as a whole. We discuss the choice of categories, whether to categorize signals on the basis of the signal or the response, and how to classify signals if data are missing. The choice of behavioral assay may influence the outcome, as may the context of the communicative event. We also consider similarities and differences between multimodal and unimodal ...

Image Decomposition into a Bounded Variation Component and an Oscillating Component

Abstract: We construct an algorithm to split an image into a sum u + v of a bounded variation component and a component containing the textures and the noise. This decomposition is inspired from a recent work of Y. Meyer. We find this decomposition by minimizing a convex functional which depends on the two variables u and v, alternately in each variable. Each minimization is based on a projection algorithm to minimize the total variation. We carry out the mathematical study of our method. We present some numerical results. In particular, we show how the u component can be used in nontextured SAR image restoration.

A formal approach to component adaptation

Abstract: Component adaptation is widelyrecognised to be one of the crucial problems in Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE). We present a formal methodologyfor adapting components with mismatching interaction behaviour. The three main ingredients of the methodologyare: (1) the inclusion of behaviour specifications in component interfaces, (2) a simple, high-level notation for expressing adaptor specifications, and (3) a fullyautomated procedure to derive concrete adaptors from given high-level specifications.

Scalable component abstractions

Abstract: We identify three programming language abstractions for the construction of reusable components: abstract type members, explicit selftypes, and modular mixin composition. Together, these abstractions enable us to transform an arbitrary assembly of static program parts with hard references between them into a system of reusable components. The transformation maintains the structure of the original system. We demonstrate this approach in two case studies, a subject/observer framework and a compiler front-end.

The design and implementation of Berkeley Lab's linuxcheckpoint/restart

Abstract: This paper describes Berkeley Linux Checkpoint/Restart (BLCR), a linux kernel module that allows system-level checkpoints on a variety of Linux systems. BLCR can be used either as a stand alone system for checkpointing applications on a single machine, or as a component by a scheduling system or parallel communication library for checkpointing and restoring parallel jobs running on multiple machines. Integration with Message Passing Interface (MPI) and other parallel systems is described.

Component-based development process and component lifecycle

Abstract: The process of component- and component-based system development differs in many significant ways from the "classical" development process of software systems. The main difference is in the separation of the development process of components from the development process of systems. This fact has a significant impact on the development process. Since the component-based approach is a relatively young approach in software engineering, the main emphasis in the area has been in development of technologies, while process modeling is still an unexplored area. This paper analyses the basic characteristics of the component-based approach and its impact on the development process and lifecycle models. The generic lifecycle of component-based systems and the lifecycle of components are discussed, and the different types of development processes are discussed in detail: architecture-driven component development, productline development and COTS-based development. Finally a short case study illustrates the principles and specifics of component-based processes.

Composition for component-based modeling

Abstract: We propose a framework for component-based modeling using an abstract layered model for components. A component is the superposition of two models: a behavior model and an interaction model. Interaction models describe architectural constraints induced by connectors between components.We propose and analyze general requirements for component composition that motivated and guided the development of the framework. We define an associative and commutative composition operator on components encompassing heterogeneous interaction. As a particular instance of the proposed framework, we consider components where behavior models are transition systems and interaction models are described by priority relations on interactions. This leads to a concept of "flexible" composition different from usual composition in that it preserves deadlock-freedom and is appropriate for correctness by construction. Nevertheless, flexible composition is a partial operation. Product systems should be interaction safe in the sense that they do not violate constraints of the interaction model.We propose results ensuring correctness by construction of a system from properties of its interaction model and of its components. The properties considered include global deadlock-freedom, individual deadlock-freedom of components, and interaction safety.

Componentwise adaptation for high dimensional MCMC

Abstract: We introduce a new adaptive MCMC algorithm, based on the traditional single component Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and on our earlier adaptive Metropolis algorithm (AM). In the new algorithm the adaption is performed component by component. The chain is no more Markovian, but it remains ergodic. The algorithm is demonstrated to work well in varying test cases up to 1000 dimensions.

System and process for controlling electronic components in a ubiquitous computing environment using multimodal integration

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a system and process that controls a group of networked electronic components using a multimodal integration scheme in which inputs from a speech recognition subsystem, gesture recognition subsystem employing a wireless pointing device and pointing analysis subsystem also employing the pointing device, are combined to determine what component a user wants to control and what control action is desired. In this multimodal integration scheme, the desired action concerning an electronic component is decomposed into a command and a referent pair. The referent can be identified using the pointing device to identify the component by pointing at the component or an object associated with it, by using speech recognition, or both. The command may be specified by pressing a button on the pointing device, by a gesture performed with the pointing device, by a speech recognition event, or by any combination of these inputs.

Natural language processing of disfluent sentences

Abstract: An advanced model that includes new processes is provided for use as a component of an effective disfluency identifier. The disfluency identifier tags edited words in transcribed speech. A speech recognition unit in combination with a part-of-speech tagger, a disfluency identifier, and a parser form a natural language system that helps machines properly interpret spoken utterances.

Model-integrated mechatronics - toward a new paradigm in the development of manufacturing systems

Abstract: The traditional approach for the development of manufacturing systems considers the constituent parts of the system, i.e., mechanical, electronic, and software, to be developed independently and then integrated to form the final system. This approach is being criticized as inappropriate for the complexity and the dynamics of today's systems. This paper proposes an architecture that promotes model integration not only for implementation space artifacts but also in artifacts of the early analysis and design phases of the development process. The proposed architecture, which promotes reuse and significantly decreases development and validation time, is at the heart of a new paradigm called model-integrated mechatronics (MIM). MIM applies domain-specific modeling languages for the concurrent engineering of mechanical, electronic and software components of mechatronic systems. It simplifies the integrated development process of manufacturing systems by using as basic construct the mechatronic component. The MIM paradigm was utilized to define "Archimedes," a system platform that supports the engineer through a methodology, a framework, and a set of tools to automate the development process of agile mechatronic manufacturing systems.

Performance modeling and system management for multi-component online services

Abstract: Many dynamic-content online services are comprised of multiple interacting components and data partitions distributed across server clusters. Understanding the performance of these services is crucial for efficient system management. This paper presents a profile-driven performance model for cluster-based multi-component online services. Our offline constructed application profiles characterize component resource needs and inter-component communications. With a given component placement strategy, the application profile can be used to predict system throughput and average response time for the online service. Our model differentiates remote invocations from fast-path calls between co-located components and we measure the network delay caused by blocking inter-component communications. Validation with two J2EE-based online applications show that our model can predict application performance with small errors (less than 13% for throughput and less than 14% for the average response time). We also explore how this performance model can be used to assist system management functions for multi-component online services, with case examinations on optimized component placement, capacity planning, and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Collective Content Selection for Concept-to-Text Generation

Abstract: A content selection component determines which information should be conveyed in the output of a natural language generation system. We present an efficient method for automatically learning content selection rules from a corpus and its related database. Our modeling framework treats content selection as a collective classification problem, thus allowing us to capture contextual dependencies between input items. Experiments in a sports domain demonstrate that this approach achieves a substantial improvement over context-agnostic methods.

Observer design for systems with unknown inputs

Abstract: Design procedures are proposed for two different classes of observers for systems withunknown inputs In thefirst approach, the state of the observed system is decomposed into known and unknown components The unknown component is a projection, not necessarily orthogonal, of the whole state along the subspace in which the available state component resides Then, a dynamical system to estimate the unknown component is constructed Combining the output of the dynamical system, which estimates the unknown state component, with the available state information results in an observer that estimates the whole state It is shown that some previously proposed observer architectures can be obtained using the projection operator approach presented in this paper The second approach combines sliding modes and the second method of Lyapunov resulting in a nonlinear observer The nonlinear component of the sliding mode observer forces the observation error into the sliding mode along a manifold in the observation error space Design algorithms are given for both types of observers

Chart view for reusable data markup language

Abstract: Methods and systems provide a “chart view” for a markup language referred to as Reusable Data Markup Language (“RDML”). Generally, a chart view comprises the components necessary for automatically manipulating and displaying a graphical display of numerical data contained in RDML markup documents. RDML is a markup language, such as the Hypertext Markup Language (“HTML”) or the Extensible Markup Language (“XML”). Generally, RDML facilitates the browsing and manipulation of numbers, as opposed to text as in HTML, and does so by requiring attributes describing the meaning of the numbers to be attached to the numbers. Upon receiving RDML markup documents, the chart view transforms, formats, manipulates and displays data stored in the markup documents using the attributes describing the meaning of the data. The chart view uses the attributes of the numbers to, for example, facilitate the simultaneous display of different series of numbers of different types on a single chart and automatically display appropriate axis labels, axis titles, chart titles, number precision, etc. A chart view may be a component of a data viewer used to retrieve, manipulate, and view documents in the RDML format.

Towards component-based robotics

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of component-based software engineering (CBSE), motivates its application to the field of mobile robotics, and proposes a particular component model. CBSE is an approach to system-building that aims to shift the emphasis from programming to composing systems from a mixture of off-the-shelf and custom-built software components. This paper argues that robotics is particularly well-suited for and in need of component-based ideas. Furthermore, now is the right time for their introduction. The paper introduces Orca - an open-source component-based software engineering framework proposed for mobile robotics with an associated repository of free, reusable components for building mobile robotic systems.

Method and apparatus of adaptive network policy management for wireless mobile computers

Abstract: System(s) and method(s) are provided that utilize external resources and protect the integrity of data within a mobile communication device and data communicated with the mobile communication device. The device includes an extrinsic data analysis component (110) that receives information about both an external environment and an internal state. The device also includes an adaptive policy manager (APM) component (220). The APM component (220) is adapted to analyze and prioritize policies based upon received input from external resources, stimuli, threats and/or parameters. The method of protecting data integrity is performed automatically and autonomously with minimal user intervention and awareness. The APM component (220) includes a profile component (230), a policy modification component (250), a rules component (260), an authentication component (240), and an access control component (270).

System and method for developing an application for extending access to local software of a wireless device

Abstract: A system and method for developing an application for subsequent deployment on a mobile device, the mobile device configured for using the deployed application to communicate over a network with a data source through a transaction server. The system and method comprising: an interface component module for providing access to a defined interface component for use in providing communication between the application and a local software configured to be resident on the mobile device; and a composer module for defining a text file containing definitions expressed in a structured definition language, the definitions describing a message section and a data section and a user interface section of the application, the composer module further for inserting handler definitions in the text file such that the handler definitions are configured for calling the interface component of the interface component module.

User interface service for a services oriented architecture in a data integration platform

Abstract: A user interface, or a component of a user interface, is deployed as a service in a services oriented architecture for use, for example, in a data integration platform.

Performance conserving method for reducing power consumption in a server system

Abstract: A method for managing power in a data processing system having multiple components includes determining a power budget for the system. Activity levels during a forthcoming time interval are then predicted for each of the components. Using the predicted activity levels, the power budget is allocated among the system components. An activity limit is then established for each component based on its corresponding portion of the power budget. The activity of a component is then monitored and, if the component's activity exceeds the component's corresponding activity limit, constrained. Determining the predicted level of activity may include determining a predicted number of instructions dispatched by a processor component or a predicted number of memory requests serviced for a system memory component. Allocating the power budget includes allocating each component its corresponding standby power and a share of the system power available for dynamic powering based on the expected levels of activity.

Computer systems and methods for visualizing data with generation of marks

Abstract: A method for generating marks when displaying data, such as the results of a query across a database. The method is preferably used in conjunction with a dataset whose fields comprise a plurality of levels. A visual plot is constructed based on a specification. A first level from the plurality of levels is represented by a first component of the visual plot. A second level from the plurality of levels is represented by a second component of the visual plot. The dataset is optionally queried to retrieve data in accordance with the specification. The visual plot is populated with the retrieved data in accordance with the specification.

Composite importance measures for multi-state systems with multi-state components

Abstract: This paper presents & evaluates composite importance measures (CIM) for multi-state systems with multi-state components (MSMC). Importance measures are important tools to evaluate & rank the impact of individual components within a system. For multi-state systems, previously developed measures do not meet all user needs. The major focus of the study is to distinguish between two types of importance measures which can be used for evaluating the criticality of components in MSMC with respect to multi-state system reliability. This paper presents Type 1 importance measures that are involved in measuring how a specific component affects multi-state system reliability. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methodology for estimating the reliability of a MSMC is used for computing the proposed CIM metrics. Previous approaches (Type 2) have focused on investigating how a particular component state or set of states affects multi-state system reliability. For some systems, it is not clear how to prioritize system component importance, collectively considering all of its states, using the previously developed importance measures. That detracts from those measures. Experimental results show that the proposed CIM can be used as an effective tool to assess component criticality for MSMC. Examples are used to illustrate & compare the proposed CIM with previous multi-state importance measures.

Abstract behavior types: a foundation model for components and their composition

Abstract: The notion of Abstract Data Type (ADT) has served as a foundation model for structured and object oriented programming for some thirty years. The current trend in software engineering toward component based systems requires a foundation model as well. The most basic inherent property of an ADT, i.e., that it provides a set of operations, subverts some highly desirable properties in emerging formal models for components that are based on the object oriented paradigm.We introduce the notion of Abstract Behavior Type (ABT) as a higher-level alternative to ADT and propose it as a proper foundation model for both components and their composition. An ABT defines an abstract behavior as a relation among a set of timed-data-streams, without specifying any detail about the operations that may be used to implement such behavior or the data types it may manipulate for its realization. The ABT model supports a much looser coupling than is possible with the ADT's operational interface, and is inherently amenable to exogenous coordination. We propose that both of these are highly desirable, if not essential, properties for models of components and their composition.To demonstrate the utility of the ABT model, we describe Reo: an exogenous coordination language for compositional construction of component connectors based on a calculus of channels. We show the expressive power of Reo, and the applicability of ABT, through a number of examples.

Method and apparatus for securing documents using a position dependent file system

Abstract: Access to information or a document is secured by a central global positioning authority that evaluates access requests in accordance with predefined policies. One component of an access request includes location information regarding at least one of the requesting entity and location of the requested resource. Access is either allowed or denied as a function of at least the requesting entity, position information and the applicable policy or policies. An encryption/decryption scheme is implemented where the encryption key is a function of the resource's position.

New Approach to Calculation of Atmospheric Model Physics: Accurate and Fast Neural Network Emulation of Longwave Radiation in a Climate Model

Abstract: A new approach based on a synergetic combination of statistical/machine learning and deterministic modeling within atmospheric models is presented. The approach uses neural networks as a statistical or machine learning technique for an accurate and fast emulation or statistical approximation of model physics parameterizations. It is applied to development of an accurate and fast approximation of an atmospheric longwave radiation parameterization for the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model, which is the most time consuming component of model physics. The developed neural network emulation is two orders of magnitude, 50–80 times, faster than the original parameterization. A comparison of the parallel 10-yr climate simulations performed with the original parameterization and its neural network emulations confirmed that these simulations produce almost identical results. The obtained results show the conceptual and practical possibility of an efficient synergetic combination of deterministic and statist...