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Showing papers on "Dielectric loss published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review presents a comprehensive review of the use of ferroelectric polymers, especially PVDF and PVDF-based copolymers/blends as potential components in dielectric nanocomposite materials for high energy density capacitor applications.
Abstract: Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are rapidly emerging as novel materials for a number of advanced engineering applications. In this Review, we present a comprehensive review of the use of ferroelectric polymers, especially PVDF and PVDF-based copolymers/blends as potential components in dielectric nanocomposite materials for high energy density capacitor applications. Various parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, energy density, and flexibility of the polymer nanocomposites have been thoroughly investigated. Fillers with different shapes have been found to cause significant variation in the physical and electrical properties. Generally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanofillers with large aspect ratios provide enhanced flexibility versus zero-dimensional fillers. Surface modification of nanomaterials as well as polymers adds flavor to the dielectric properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Nowadays, three-phase nanocomposites with either combination of fillers...

1,143 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: WPC/MNPs-80 has an excellent EM wave absorbency with a wide absorption band at a relatively low loading and thin absorber thickness, and the design strategy could be extended as a general method to synthesize other high-performance absorbers.
Abstract: A method combining liquid–liquid phase separation and the pyrolysis process has been developed to fabricate the wormhole-like porous carbon/magnetic nanoparticles composite with a pore size of about 80 nm (WPC/MNPs-80). In this work, the porous structure was designed to enhance interaction between the electromagnetic (EM) wave and the absorber, while the magnetic nanoparticles were used to bring about magnetic loss ability. The structure, morphology, porosity and magnetic properties of WPC/MNPs-80 were investigated in detail. To evaluate its EM wave attenuation performance, the EM parameters of the absorber and wax composite were measured at 2–18 GHz. WPC/MNPs-80 has an excellent EM wave absorbency with a wide absorption band at a relatively low loading and thin absorber thickness. At the absorber thickness of 1.5 and 2.0 mm, minimum RL values of −29.2 and −47.9 dB were achieved with the RL below −10 dB in 12.8–18 and 9.2–13.3 GHz, respectively. The Co and Fe nanoparticles derived from the chemical reduction of Co0.2Fe2.8O4 can enhance the graphitization process of carbon and thus improve dielectric loss ability. Polarizations in the nanocomposite absorber also play an important role in EM wave absorption. Thus, EM waves can be effectively attenuated by dielectric loss and magnetic loss through multiple reflections and absorption in the porous structure. WPC/MNPs-80 could be an excellent absorber for EM wave attenuation; and the design strategy could be extended as a general method to synthesize other high-performance absorbers.

292 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures.
Abstract: The demand for a new generation of high-temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage has been driven by the rise of high-power applications such as electric vehicles, aircraft, and pulsed power systems where the power electronics are exposed to elevated temperatures. Polymer dielectrics are characterized by being lightweight, and their scalability, mechanical flexibility, high dielectric strength, and great reliability, but they are limited to relatively low operating temperatures. The existing polymer nanocomposite-based dielectrics with a limited energy density at high temperatures also present a major barrier to achieving significant reductions in size and weight of energy devices. Here we report the sandwich structures as an efficient route to high-temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites that simultaneously possess high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. In contrast to the conventional single-layer configuration, the rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge-discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. At 150 °C and 200 MV m(-1), an operating condition toward electric vehicle applications, the sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites outperform the state-of-the-art polymer-based dielectrics in terms of energy density, power density, charge-discharge efficiency, and cyclability. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the polymer nanocomposites may pave a way for widespread applications in modern electronics and power modules where harsh operating conditions are present.

275 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple method to generate ferrite/iron interfaces to enhance the microwave attenuation at high frequency and achieves broad effective frequency width at a coating layer as thin as 1.5 mm.
Abstract: Among all polarizations, the interface polarization effect is the most effective, especially at high frequency. The design of various ferrite/iron interfaces can significantly enhance the materials’ dielectric loss ability at high frequency. This paper presents a simple method to generate ferrite/iron interfaces to enhance the microwave attenuation at high frequency. The ferrites were coated onto carbonyl iron and could be varied to ZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, Fe3O4, and NiFe2O4. Due to the ferrite/iron interface inducing a stronger dielectric loss effect, all of these materials achieved broad effective frequency width at a coating layer as thin as 1.5 mm. In particular, an effective frequency width of 6.2 GHz could be gained from the Fe@NiFe2O4 composite.

271 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2016-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, uniform yolk-shell C@C microspheres are fabricated through a coating-coating-etching (CoE) route as a novel microwave absorber.

249 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets synthesized by a hydrothermal method were firstly investigated for microwave absorbing performance, and it was shown that the real and imaginary parts of permittivity of MoS 2 prepared at 180 °C are higher than those of other samples.
Abstract: In this study, two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets synthesized by a hydrothermal method were firstly investigated for microwave absorbing performance. The obtained MoS2 nanosheets are highly desirable as an electromagnetic wave (EM) absorber because of its larger interfacial polarization and high dielectric loss. Our results show that the real and imaginary parts of permittivity of MoS2 prepared at 180 °C are higher than those of other samples. A broad bandwidth absorption at a thin thickness can be obtained between 2 and 18 GHz. The microwave reflection loss (RL) of MoS2 nanosheets prepared at 180 °C reaches as high as −47.8 dB at 12.8 GHz due to its high electrical conductivity and the polarization effect. It can also be found that MoS2 exhibits an effective electromagnetic wave absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz (<−10 dB) at the thicknesses of 1.9 and 2.0 mm. The results showed that the MoS2 nanosheets can be a candidate for microwave absorption with a broad effective absorption bandwidth at thin thicknesses.

221 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Niandu Wu1, Xianguo Liu1, Chengyun Zhao1, Caiyun Cui1, Ailin Xia1 
TL;DR: In this paper, carbon-coated nickel (Ni/C) nanocapsules were prepared by an arc discharge method, where their particles size was adjusted by varying the arc current value from 40 to 100 A.

190 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the intrinsic dielectric loss mechanisms associated with polymer nanodielectrics were investigated using a model system comprised of 70 nm BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BT NPs) in an isotactic polypropylene (PP) matrix.
Abstract: Polymer/inorganic particle nanocomposites (or nanodielectrics) have attracted pronounced attention for electric energy storage applications, based on a hypothesis that polymer nanodielectrics could combine the high permittivity of nanoparticles and the high electrical breakdown strength of the polymer matrix for enhanced dielectric performance. Although higher discharged energy densities have been reported for numerous polymer nanodielectrics, the dielectric loss mechanisms, which are extremely important for ultimate applications, are rarely discussed. In this work, we intend to address the intrinsic dielectric loss mechanisms associated with polymer nanodielectrics using a model system comprised of 70 nm BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BT NPs) in an isotactic polypropylene (PP) matrix. The effect of space charge-induced interfacial polarization on dielectric losses was investigated using bipolar and unipolar electric displacement–electric field (D-E) loop tests. Since the bipolar D-E loops always exhibited greater...

189 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Song Qiu1, Hailong Lyu1, Jiurong Liu1, Yuzhen Liu1, Nannan Wu1, Wei Liu1 
TL;DR: The superior EM wave absorption performances of porous Ni/C composite microspheres were derived from the synergy effects generated by the magnetic loss of nickel, the dielectric loss of carbon, and the porous structure.
Abstract: Porous nickel/carbon (Ni/C) composite microspheres with diameters of ca. 1.2–1.5 μm were fabricated by a solvothermal method combined with carbon reduction. The pore size of the synthesized Ni/C composite microspheres ranged from several nanometers to 50 nm. The porous Ni/C composite microspheres exhibited a saturation magnetization (MS) of 53.5 emu g–1 and a coercivity (HC) of 51.4 Oe. When tested as an electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption material, the epoxy resin composites containing 60% and 75% porous Ni/C microspheres provided high-performance EM wave absorption at thicknesses of 3.0–11.0 and 1.6–7.0 mm in the corresponding frequency ranges of 2.0–12 and 2.0–18 GHz, respectively. The superior EM wave absorption performances of porous Ni/C composite microspheres were derived from the synergy effects generated by the magnetic loss of nickel, the dielectric loss of carbon, and the porous structure.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) molecules were used and grafted onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to synthesize DGEBA functionalized RGO.

166 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the projection-based stereolithography (SLA) method was used to print high dielectric polymer/ceramic composite materials into 3D capacitors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a core-shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole composite microspheres have been successfully prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Abstract: Highly regulated core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole composite microspheres have been successfully prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The polypyrrole shell thickness can be adjusted from 20 to 80 nm with the variation of the pyrrole/Fe3O4 ratio. Investigations of the microwave absorbing properties indicate that the polypyrrole shell plays an important role, and the maximum reflection loss of composite microspheres can reach as much as −31.5 dB (>99.9% absorption) at 15.5 GHz with a matching layer thickness of 2.5 mm. Compared to the physically blended Fe3O4–PPy composites, Fe3O4@polypyrrole composite microspheres not only possess better reflection loss performance but also have a wider absorbing bandwidth of 5.2 GHz (12.8–18 GHz) in the Ku band, which may be attributed to the intensive synergistic effect of dielectric loss from polypyrrole shells and magnetic loss from Fe3O4 cores. Therefore, regulated core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole com...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of new titanium dioxide (i.e., (A 0.5Ta0.5)xTi1−xO2) ceramics containing Ta and trivalent elements was presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films were applied to fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)/glass and Au/Ti/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via a two-step process, which involved depositing a CH 3NH3I (MAI) solution onto PbI2 films via spincoating followed by crystallization at temperatures of 100 °C.
Abstract: CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite thin films were applied to fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)/glass and Au/Ti/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via a two-step process, which involved depositing a CH3NH3I (MAI) solution onto PbI2 films via spin-coating followed by crystallization at temperatures of 100 °C. The 500 nm-thick crystallized MAPbI3 perovskite thin films showed a Curie temperature of ∼328 K, a dielectric permittivity of ∼52, a dielectric loss of ∼0.02 at 1 MHz, and a low leakage current density of ∼10−7 A cm−2 at ±3 V. The polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loop and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) results showed that the films had well-developed ferroelectric properties and switchable polarization. Poling at an electrical field of 80 kV cm−1 enhanced the power density of the generator. The values for output voltage and current density of the poled films reached 2.7 V and 140 nA cm−2, respectively, which were 2.7-fold higher than those of the non-poled samples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric properties of the polymer matrix nanocomposites with hybrid fillers were improved by optimizing the synergistic effects between the charge storage behavior of the ferroelectric phase and the charge transport behaviour of the conductive phase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Niobium and aluminum co-doped TiO2 ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state reaction route, and a colossal permittivity over 105 with relatively low dielectric loss could be noted in the NAT10 ceramic.
Abstract: Niobium and aluminum co-doped TiO2 ceramics, i.e., (Nb0.5Al0.5)xTi1−xO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, abbreviated as NAT100x) were synthesized via a solid-state reaction route. As could be seen from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, all samples were in pure rutile phases. A colossal permittivity (CP) over 105 with relatively low dielectric loss could be noted in the NAT10 ceramic. Additionally, the high dielectric permittivity (>105) could be maintained over a wide temperature range of −100–250 °C and frequency range of 102 to 106 Hz, respectively. This indicated that the dielectric property of NAT10 possessed superior temperature-dependent and frequency-dependent stability. Analysis of impedance spectroscopy and current density vs. electric field plots revealed that the CP was attributed to an internal barrier layer capacitance effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sima Kashi1, Rahul K. Gupta1, Thomas C. Baum1, Nhol Kao1, Sati N. Bhattacharya1 
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of GNP incorporation on electromagnetic properties and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (SE) of PLA and PBAT was investigated and the applicability of Sihvola's mixing rule of complex electrical permittivity to these nanocomposites was studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thedielectric behavior and impedance spectrum of the polycrystalline ceramic sample indicated that the internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) mode made a major contribution to the high ceramic dielectric permittivity, instead of the electron-pinned defect-dipoles.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigated the dielectric properties of (In + Nb) co-doped rutile TiO2 single crystal and polycrystalline ceramics. Both of them showed colossal, up to 10(4), dielectric permittivity at room temperature. The single crystal sample showed one dielectric relaxation process with a large dielectric loss. The voltage-dependence of dielectric permittivity and the impedance spectrum suggest that the high dielectric permittivity of single crystal originated from the surface barrier layer capacitor (SBLC). The impedance spectroscopy at different temperature confirmed that the (In + Nb) co-doped rutile TiO2 polycrystalline ceramic had semiconductor grains and insulating grain boundaries, and that the activation energies were calculated to be 0.052 eV and 0.35 eV for grain and grain boundary, respectively. The dielectric behavior and impedance spectrum of the polycrystalline ceramic sample indicated that the internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) mode made a major contribution to the high ceramic dielectric permittivity, instead of the electron-pinned defect-dipoles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-step process based on hydrothermal method was used to synthesize core/shell structured C/ZnO nanoparticles for enhancing the electromagnetic wave attenuation capability owing to defects, multiple interfaces and optimal impedance match.
Abstract: Core/shell structured C/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a two-step process based on hydrothermal method. The experimental results show that ZnO nanoparticles attach on the surface of carbon spheres through the surfacial functional groups. The core/shell structure enhances the electromagnetic wave attenuation capability owing to defects, multiple interfaces and optimal impedance match. Different mass percentages of C/ZnO nanoparticles were mixed in paraffin wax to investigate the electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding performance. When the filler loading is 40 wt%, the composite shows a minimum reflection coefficient of −52 dB at 11 GHz with a sample thickness of 1.75 mm. When the mass ratio is 50 wt%, the sample has an electromagnetic shielding performance of 14.85 dB dominated by absorption. Compared with pure carbon spheres and ZnO hollow spheres, the core/shell structure of C/ZnO composites exhibits a promising route to design electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with high dielectric loss and moderate impedance match.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible dielectric composites composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and graphene oxide (GO) was developed using facile and eco-friendly colloidal processing technique.
Abstract: Novel flexible dielectric composites composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and graphene oxide (GO) with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss have been developed using facile and eco-friendly colloidal processing technique. The structure and morphology of the PVA/PEG/GO composites were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dielectric behavior of PVA/PEG/GO composites was investigated in the wide range of frequencies from 50 Hz to 20 MHz and temperature in the range 40 to 150 °C using impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric constant for PVA and PVA/PEG (50/50) blend film was found to be 10.71 (50 Hz, 150 °C) and 31.22 (50 Hz, 150 °C), respectively. The dielectric constant for PVA/PEG/GO composite with 3 wt% GO was found to be 644.39 (50 Hz, 150 °C) which is 60 times greater than the dielectric constant of PVA and 20 times greater than the dielectric constant of PVA/PEG (50/50) blend film. The PVA/PEG/GO composites not only show high dielectric constant but also show low dielectric loss which is highly attractive for practical applications. These findings underline the possibilities of using PVA/PEG/GO composites as a flexible dielectric material for high-performance energy storage applications such as embedded capacitors.

Journal ArticleDOI
Kai Wu1, Chuxin Lei1, Weixing Yang1, Songgang Chai, Feng Chen1, Qiang Fu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated that polymer composites with much improved dielectric constant while maintaining ultra-low Dielectric loss could be achieved via using hybrid filler and controlling the dispersion of conductive filler in polymer matrix.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2016-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (N-CNT)/polymer nanocomposites exhibiting relatively high and frequency independent real permittivity ( e′ ) together with low dielectric loss (tan δ ) were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, and their nanocom composites were prepared by melt-mixing with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental results agree with percolation theory, which indicates that the enhanced dielectric properties of the BT–Fe3O4/PVDF composites originate from the interfacial polarization induced by the external magnetic field.
Abstract: We report enhancement of the dielectric permittivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) generated by depositing magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the surface of barium titanate (BT) to fabricate BT–Fe3O4/PVDF composites. This process introduced an external magnetic field and the influences of external magnetic field on dielectric properties of composites were investigated systematically. The composites subjected to magnetic field treatment for 30 min at 60 °C exhibited the largest dielectric permittivity (385 at 100 Hz) when the BT–Fe3O4 concentration is approximately 33 vol.%. The BT–Fe3O4 suppressed the formation of a conducting path in the composite and induced low dielectric loss (0.3) and low conductivity (4.12 × 10−9 S/cm) in the composite. Series-parallel model suggested that the enhanced dielectric permittivity of BT–Fe3O4/PVDF composites should arise from the ultrahigh permittivity of BT–Fe3O4 hybrid particles. However, the experimental results of the BT–Fe3O4/PVDF composites treated by magnetic field agree with percolation theory, which indicates that the enhanced dielectric properties of the BT–Fe3O4/PVDF composites originate from the interfacial polarization induced by the external magnetic field. This work provides a simple and effective way for preparing nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties for use in the electronics industry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The original observation of thermal frequency shift of dielectric relaxation in La/Nd doped BiFeO3 (BFO) in X-band from 300 to 673 K exhibits an unexpected result: the relaxation shifts to lower frequency with increasing temperature.
Abstract: Tunable frequency is highly sought-after task of researcher, because of the potential for applications in selecting frequency, absorber, imaging and biomedical diagnosis. Here, we report the original observation of thermal frequency shift of dielectric relaxation in La/Nd doped BiFeO3 (BFO) in X-band from 300 to 673 K. It exhibits an unexpected result: the relaxation shifts to lower frequency with increasing temperature. The relaxation maximally shifts about a quarter of X-band. The nonlinear term of lattice vibration plays an important role in the frequency shift. The frequency shift leads to tuning microwave absorption, which almost covers the whole X-band by changing temperature. Meanwhile, the great increase of dielectric loss of La/Nd doped BFO due to thermal excited electron hopping enhances microwave absorption above ~460 and ~480 K, respectively. The microwave absorption of La/Nd doped BFO surpasses −20 dB at 673 K and the minimum reflection loss of La doped BFO reaches −39 dB. These results open a new pathway to develop BFO-based materials in electromagnetic functional materials and devices for tunable frequency, stealth and thermal imaging at long wavelength.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and microwave dielectric properties of single phase solid solutions with the I4/mmm (No. 139) space group were revealed by the Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns.
Abstract: The structure and microwave dielectric properties of SrLaAl1−x(Zn0.5Ti0.5)xO4 ceramics were determined in the composition range of x = 0–0.9. The single phase solid solutions with the I4/mmm (No. 139) space group were revealed by the Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Abnormal variations of Sr/La–O2b and Al/(Zn,Ti)–O2 bonds along the c-axis were observed when x > 0.5, which were further confirmed by the evolutions of corresponding modes in Raman spectra. The Q × f value could be improved at the compositions around x = 0.5 and then turned to decrease rapidly with further increasing x, while the dielectric constant er and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf ascended linearly with increasing x. The drop of the Q × f value could be ascribed to the more unstable structure owing to the abnormal variations of the axial bonds, where lattice distortions and inhomogeneous regions were also confirmed by the HRTEM observation. Moreover, the infrared reflectivity (IR) spectra were recorded and fitted to further analyze the variation of the theoretical dielectric loss. The best combination of microwave dielectric properties was achieved at x = 0.5: er = 23.5, Q × f = 102000 GHz, τf = −3.4 ppm per °C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of Bi3+ nonstoichiometry on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied.
Abstract: 0.94(Na0.5Bi0.5+x)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 (x = −0.04, 0, 0.02; named NB0.46T-6BT, NB0.50T-6BT, NB0.52T-6BT, respectively) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared via the solid-state reaction method. Effects of Bi3+ nonstoichiometry on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied. All ceramics show typical X-ray diffraction peaks of ABO3 perovskite structure. The lattice parameters increase with the increase in the Bi3+ content. The electron probe microanalysis demonstrates that the excess Bi2O3 in the starting composition can compensate the Bi2O3 loss induced during sample processing. The size and shape of grains are closely related to the Bi3+ content. For the unpoled NB0.50T-6BT and NB0.52T-6BT, there are two dielectric anomalies in the dielectric constant–temperature curves. The unpoled NB0.46T-6BT shows one dielectric anomaly accompanied by high dielectric constant and dielectric loss at low frequencies. After poling, a new dielectric anomaly appears around depolarization temperature (Td) for all ceramics and the Td values increase with the Bi3+ amount decreasing from excess to deficiency. The diffuse phase transition character was studied via the Curie–Weiss law and modified Curie–Weiss law. The activation energy values obtained via the impedance analysis are 0.69, 1.05, and 1.16 eV for NB0.46T-6BT, NB0.50T-6BT and NB0.52T-6BT, respectively, implying the change in oxygen vacancy concentration in the ceramics. The piezoelectric constant, polarization, and coercive field of the ceramics change with the variation in the Bi3+ content. The Rayleigh analysis suggests that the change in electrical properties of the ceramics with the variation in the Bi3+ amount is related to the effect of oxygen vacancies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, aluminum doped SiC whiskers were synthesized by microwave heating, and a 3D network of conductive path for the dissipative current can be formed through whiskers connecting.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel ultra-high k composite material comprising of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a polymer matrix and vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) and graphene oxide (GO) as fillers have been developed successfully using colloidal processing technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Europium doped ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized using low cost wet-chemical precipitation method using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work first investigates the CP behavior of rutile TiO2 ceramics co-doped with niobium and erbium, and may provide comprehensive guidance to develop high-performance CP materials for fully solid-state capacitor and energy storage applications.
Abstract: The search for colossal permittivity (CP) materials is imperative because of their potential for promising applications in the areas of device miniaturization and energy storage. High-performance CP materials require high dielectric permittivity, low dielectric loss and relatively weak dependence of frequency- and temperature. In this work, we first investigate the CP behavior of rutile TiO2 ceramics co-doped with niobium and erbium, i.e., (Er0.5Nb0.5)xTi1−xO2. Excellent dielectric properties were observed in the materials, including a CP of up to 104–105 and a low dielectric loss (tanδ) down to 0.03, which are lower than that of the previously reported co-doped TiO2 CP materials when measured at 1 kHz. Stabilities of frequency and temperature were also accomplished via doping Er and Nb. Valence states of the elements in the material were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Er induced secondary phases were observed using elemental mapping and energy-dispersive spectrometry. Consequently, this work may provide comprehensive guidance to develop high-performance CP materials for fully solid-state capacitor and energy storage applications.