Showing papers on "Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering) published in 1970"
TL;DR: The types of discontinuity which can occur in a magnetohydrodynamic fluid with anistotropic pressure are discussed in this article, and rules are given for the identification of the type of discontinuities together with equations to determine their orientation and velocity.
343 citations
65 citations
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an infinite elastic medium containing an infinite discontinuity plane of finite width that is subjected to an impinging horizontal shear wave of arbitrary time dependence is considered, and transform techniques and a generalized Wiener-Hopf method are employed to solve each problem exactly from the time that the incident wave first strikes the crack or ribbon to the time required for the wave to twice traverse the width of the barrier.
39 citations
TL;DR: The New England Seamount chain is located along a fracture zone formed by a discontinuity in sea-floor spreading pattern, which may have resulted from either a simple transform fault which opened progressively along its length as it was formed or the entire fault line opened at one time due to a later change in spreading direction as mentioned in this paper.
37 citations
01 Feb 1970
TL;DR: The BRAZILIAN TENSILE TEST as mentioned in this paper was used to measure the ten-force strength of a single rock and was found to be the strongest of all the tested tests.
Abstract: THE MOST OFTEN USED METHODS OF MEASURING THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS ARE THE DIRECT TENSILE TEST AND THE BRAZILIAN TEST. THIS REPORT STUDIES BOTH METHODS IN DETAIL AND INTERPRETS THEM AS A FUNCTION OF THE EXISTENCE OF DISCONTINUITIES IN THE ROCK. THE BRAZILIAN TEST CAN ONLY BE REGARDED AS A VALID TENSILE TEST IF A PIECE OF CARDBOARD IS PLACED BETWEEN THE SAMPLE AND THE BASE OF THE COMPRESSION MACHINE. THE WIDTH OF VISIBLE CONTACT IN THE CARDBOARD AT RUPTURE POINT MUST BE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 1/5 OF THE DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER. FOR NON-CRACKED MEDIA, STRENGTH VALUES ARE THE SAME IN THE DIRECT TENSILE TEST AND THE BRAZILIAN TEST. IF CARDBOARD IS NOT USED IN THE BRAZILIAN TEST, THE STRENGTH IS MUCH LOWER. FOR DISCONTINUOUS MEDIA, BOTH TESTS HAVE A VERY DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE: THE BRAZILIAN TEST DOES NOT TAKE ACCOUUNT OF DISCONTINUITIES AT THE SCALE OF CRYSTAL, WHILE DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH IS CONDITIONED BY LARGER CRACKS. ONE CHARACTERIZES THE STRENGTH OF THE ROCK MATRIX, THE OTHER ITS STATE OF FISSURATION. THUS WHEN CRACK DENSITY INCREASES IN THE SAME ROCK (THE VELOCITY OF LONGITUDINAL WAVE PROPAGATION DECREASING IN A PARALLEL WAY) A MARKED DECREASE IN DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH IS OBSERVED WHILE BRAZILIAN STRENGTH DECREASES ONLY VERY SLIGHTLY. THE COMPARISON OF THE TWO RESULTS CAN BE A GOOD CRITERION FOR MEASURING CRACK INTENSITY, BOTH RESULTS BEING THE SAME FOR NON-FISSURED CONTINUOUS MEDIA. IN ALL TESTS WHERE STRESSES TEND TO COMPRESS THE ROCK, AS IN THE BRAZILIAN TEST, CRACKS CLOSE AND THE CONTINUITY OF THE MATRIX IS RESTORED. IN THIS CASE, DEFORMATION MODULI DO NOT VARY MUCH WITH THE STATE OF CRACKING. BUT IN DIRECT TENSION, ALL CRACKS PARTICIPATE TO THE DEFORMATION AND THE MODULUS DECREASES MARKEDLY AS CRACKING INCREASES. IT WAS OBSERVED THAT FOR NON-FISSURED MEDIA, MODULI ARE IDENTICAL UNDER DIRECT TENSILE STRESS AND COMPRESSION. THE OTHER PARAMETERS IN THESE TESTS ARE ALSO STUDIED IN THIS REPORT WITH A VIEW TO DEFINING A TEST PROCEDURE, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE BRAZILIAN TEST IN WHICH ONLY VARIATIONS IN THE THICKNESS OF THE CARDBOARD USED LEAD TO MARKED VARIATIONS IN TEST RESULTS. /TRRL/
26 citations
NEC1
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the open metallization problem at oxide steps at the surface of planar devices is described, which is essentially based upon the presence of a film discontinuity which grows during the evaporation process at the interface of coarse and dense crystal structures of the evaporated film.
Abstract: An analysis of the open metallization problem at oxide steps at the surface of planar devices is described. This failure mechanism is essentially based upon the presence of a film discontinuity which grows during the evaporation process at the interface of coarse and dense crystal structures of the evaporated film. The growth rate of the coarse surface is somewhat larger than that of the normal surface. This mismatch in growth rates gives rise to the film discontinuity due to the self-shadowing effect by the former surface. The film discontinuity is apt to occur at the sharp step of phosphosilicate glass because of the following two reasons: 1) a large vapor-incidence angle to the perpendicular side wall; 2) a spontaneous growth of the coarse surface at the sharp edge of the step. Techniques investigated to improve the interconnection reliability include : 1) evaporation at elevated substrate temperature (∼300°C), 2) reduction of the thickness of phosphosilicate glass, 3)perpendicular vapor incidence to the substrate, and 4) protection of the discontinuity against corrosive agents.
22 citations
TL;DR: On the NTS-NE profile Julian and Anderson observed prominent late P arrivals indicative of a deep "discontinuity" in the velocity, possibly at about 400 km depth as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Summary
On the NTS-NE profile Julian and Anderson observed prominent late P arrivals indicative of a deep ‘discontinuity’ in the velocity, possibly at about 400 km depth. Additional readings of these phases were extracted from shot reports. The phases were present also in the records of two stations in azimuth 71° and 76°, but when records obtained on the eastern profile were examined the phases were no longer very clearly indicated. In the records on the western Early Rise profile corresponding phases are clearly seen, but they are not very prominent. Two European examples are given in which late S phases indicate deep discontinuities in the S velocities, but where there are no corresponding P phases.
It is concluded that the nature of the deep discontinuity in the P velocity varies and that it may not be present everywhere.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Cutkosky-type formula for the discontinuity around an arbitrary physical region singularity is derived from precisely formulated S-matrix principles, which is a cutkosky type formula for discontinuity.
Abstract: A Cutkosky‐type formula for the discontinuity around an arbitrary physical‐region singularity is derived from precisely formulated S‐matrix principles.
18 citations
01 Nov 1970
17 citations
TL;DR: The interpretation of discontinuity surfaces in the Edwards Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Texas as submarine, rather than subaerial, in origin leads naturally to wide differences in correlation, Stratigraphic interpretations, quantitative map values and interpreted geologic history as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Studies of modern carbonate sediments indicate that submarine cementation is a widespread, on-going process, and that sediments cemented recently beneath the sea are now being eroded by marine currents and bored by marine organisms. By analogy, many ancient carbonate rocks may have been cemented in a similar way, and many discontinuity surfaces, corrosion zones, or “hard grounds” may have formed under submarine conditions. The interpretation of discontinuity surfaces in the Edwards Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Texas as submarine, rather than subaerial, in origin leads naturally to wide differences in correlation, Stratigraphic interpretations, quantitative map values and interpreted geologic history. Features of vertical and lateral rock sequences, and regional relationships can help distinguish submarine from subaerial discontinuity surfaces.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculate the pressurization effect on stresses by computer program using shell of revolution /pressure vessel with meridional slope discontinuity and calculate the effect of the pressure on stresses.
Abstract: Shell of revolution /pressure vessel/ with meridional slope discontinuity, calculating pressurization effect on stresses by computer program
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the acoustic impedance in two cases of Ossicular discontinuity and propose a method to solve the acoustic impingement in these cases.
Abstract: (1970). Acoustic Impedance in two Cases of Ossicular Discontinuity. International Audiology: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 127-136.
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of de Jong was modified and generalized to three dimensions, and corresponding global results were established which restrict orientations of surfaces of velocity discontinuity and surfaces separating rigid from deforming zones to principal stress directions.
TL;DR: In this article, a geomagnetic induction anomaly in southeastern British Columbia has been investigated in detail with a 20-station network and the results indicate a sharp (near vertical) discontinuity in deep electr...
Abstract: A geomagnetic induction anomaly in southeastern British Columbia has been investigated in detail with a 20-station network. The results indicate a sharp (near vertical) discontinuity in deep electr...
Patent•
21 Sep 1970TL;DR: In this paper, an antenna for radio surface waves may be constructed from a tube or a flat plate which is an even multiple of wavelengths long, such that there is a discontinuity or gap in the conductor about one-quarter wavelength from one end, which is on the order of one-fourth inch.
Abstract: An antenna for radio surface waves may be constructed from a conductor such as a tube or a flat plate which is an even multiple of wavelengths long. There is a discontinuity or gap in the conductor about one-quarter wavelength from one end, which is on the order of one-fourth inch. The antenna is normally supported from 3 to 12 inches above the earth''s surface and is excited longitudinally by a transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) by connecting a source of excitation to the surface of the tube on both sides of the discontinuity, or to the surface of the flat plate on both sides of the discontinuity.
Patent•
23 Sep 1970TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe safety devices which, upon connection to the sources, prevent energization of the apparatuses if, when the connections are made, faults such as transposed connections, and/or discontinuity in the connections, exist.
Abstract: Medical, dental or other apparatus contacting living beings are connected to their sources of electrical energy by safety devices which, upon connection to the sources, prevent energization of the apparatuses if, when the connections are made, faults such as transposed connections, and/or discontinuity in the connections, exist.
TL;DR: In this article, a program of fatigue testing involving age hardening aluminium alloy L73 was undertaken to evaluate the response of this material to sinusoidal and random loading, and the results showed that the discontinuity was an important factor in the formulation of fatigue prediction theory.
01 Jan 1970
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the redistribution of dynamic stresses caused by the presence of an elliptical discontinuity in an infinite isotropic homogeneous elastic solid, and obtained the solutions for the special cases of rigid immovable inclusion and the vacuous cavity inclusion.
Abstract: The redistribution of dynamic stresses caused by the presence of an elliptical discontinuity in an infinite isotropic homogeneous elastic solid is examined. The solutions are obtained for the special cases of the rigid immovable inclusion and the vacuous cavity inclusion, and numerical results are presented. The solutions to the wave equations in elliptical coordinates are expressed in series of the elliptical geometry eigenfunctions. Applica tion of the boundary conditions, vanishing displacements for the rigid immovable inclusion and vanishing stresses for the cavity inclusion, yields in each case two infinite sets of linear algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients of the series solutions. The incident shear or compressional waves are generated by a line source of excitation whose location with respect to the inclusion may vary. Parametric studies are carried out to determine the influence of ellipse eccentricity, source location and frequency as well as Poisson's ratio with regard to the stresses on the discontinuity boundary. It is found that the source location does not greatly affect the stress intensity over the range studied. Increasing the ellipse eccen tricity causes pronounced increases in the stresses for certain propaga tion directions of the incident waves. Also the stresses are dependent upon the frequency and are in general maximized at frequencies where the wave length greatly exceeds the dimensions of the discontinuity. Poisson' ratio does not appear to be a critical parameter in the determination of stress intensities. Chapter TABLE OF CONTENTS ii. Page
TL;DR: In this article, the Wiener-Hopf technique was used to compute the transmission and reflection coefficients of a shielded surface wave in a parallel-plate waveguide consisting of inductively reactive guiding surfaces and characterized by an abrupt wall-reactance discontinuity.
Abstract: The Wiener-Hopf technique is used to compute the transmission and reflection coefficients of a shielded surface wave in a parallel-plate waveguide consisting of inductively reactive guiding surfaces and characterized by an abrupt wall-reactance discontinuity.
01 Jun 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the population of a rock mass is conducted to measure the strength, permeability, and deblurring capability of a large number of experts.
Abstract: STRENGTH, PERMEABILITY AND DEFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF A ROCK MASS ARE INFLUENCED AND OFTEN CONTROLLED BY THE GEOLOGICAL DISCONTINUITIES WITHIN THE MASS. THESE PROPERTIES ARE OFTEN DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL TESTS CONDUCTED WITHIN AND ON PORTIONS OF THE ROCK MASS UNDER CONSIDERATION. ANY EXTRAPOLATION OF THESE TEST RESULTS TO OTHER PORTIONS OF THE ROCK MASS ASSUMES THAT A SIMILAR PATTERN OF DISCONTINUITIES, HAVING SIMILAR PROPERTIES, EXISTS THROUGHOUT THE REGION OF EXTRAPOLATION. A SURVEY IN WHICH VARIOUS JOINT PROPERTIES OF INTEREST ARE MEASURED MAY BE CONDUCTED TO SAMPLE THE JOINT POPULATION OF THE MASS. SUITABLE DATA MANIPULATION AND HANDLING TECHNIQUES ARE DEVELOPED TO PERMIT THE DEFINITION OF THE JOINT POPULATION OF THE ROCK MASS. THE VALIDITY OF THE EXTRAPOLATION OF TEST RESULTS MAY THEN BE ASSESSED. /RRL(A)/