Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 2007"
TL;DR: In this procedure, micromolded meshes of gelatin served as sacrificial materials and left behind interconnected channels in the hydrogel that faithfully replicated the features in the original gelatin mesh.
Abstract: This paper describes a general procedure for the formation of hydrogels that contain microfluidic networks. In this procedure, micromolded meshes of gelatin served as sacrificial materials. Encapsulation of gelatin meshes in a hydrogel and subsequent melting and flushing of the gelatin left behind interconnected channels in the hydrogel. The channels were as narrow as ∼6 µm, and faithfully replicated the features in the original gelatin mesh. Fifty micrometre wide microfluidic networks in collagen and fibrin readily enabled delivery of macromolecules and particles into the channels and transport of macromolecules from channels into the bulk of the gels. Microfluidic gels were also suitable as scaffolds for cell culture, and could be seeded by human microvascular endothelial cells to form rudimentary endothelial networks for potential use in tissue engineering.
465 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of composite films prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI) and gelatin were investigated, and the results showed that the composite film was more economic than gelatin film and could be used as edible film instead of gelatin film for package.
339 citations
TL;DR: The experimental results indicated that the hydrogels designed and developed by esterification of polyvinyl alcohol with gelatin could be tried for various biomedical applications and Hemocompatibility suggested that thehydrogel could be trying as wound dressing and as an implantable drug delivery system.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to design and develop hydrogels by esterification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with gelatin. The membranes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry. The viscosity of the esterified product (as solution) was compared with the mixture of PVA and gelatin of the same composition. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized by tensile tests. Swelling behavior and hemocompatibility of the membrane were also evaluated. The diffusion coefficient of salicylic acid (SA), when the receptor compartment contained Ringer's solution, through the membrane was determined. SA was used as a model drug. FTIR spectra of the membranes indicated complete esterification of the free carboxylic groups of gelatin. XRD studies indicated that the crystallinity of the membranes was mainly due to gelatin. The comparison of viscosity indicated an increase in segment density within the molecular coil. The membrane had sufficient strength and water-holding capacity. Hemocompatibility suggested that the hydrogel could be tried as wound dressing and as an implantable drug delivery system. The diffusion coefficient of SA through the membrane was found to be 1.32×10−5 cm2/s. The experimental results indicated that the hydrogel could be tried for various biomedical applications.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of physical measurements of these biopolymer-based films containing different glycerol content were presented and correlated with physical properties such as flexibility, interactions between the macromolecule chains and susceptibility to humidity.
319 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of cross-linking agents and pH values of film-forming solution on the mechanical properties, swelling properties and water vapor permeability of gelatin films were investigated in details.
305 citations
TL;DR: Gelatin/PVA bicomponent nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning, and its control release of Raspberry ketone(RK) was investigated as mentioned in this paper.
235 citations
TL;DR: Degradation rates were found to be tunable with gelatin content, an attribute that may be useful for either long-time cell encapsulation or time-released regenerative cell delivery, and investigation showed that proteolytic degradation was controlled by surface erosion.
Abstract: Gelatin is one of the most commonly used biomaterials for creating cellular scaffolds due to its innocuous nature. In order to create stable gelatin hydrogels at physiological temperatures (37 degrees C), chemical crosslinking agents such as glutaraldehyde are typically used. To circumvent potential problems with residual amounts of these crosslinkers in vivo and create scaffolds that are both physiologically robust and biocompatible, a microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was used in this study to enzymatically crosslink gelatin solutions. HEK293 cells encapsulated in mTG-crosslinked gelatin proliferated at a rate of 0.03 day(-1). When released via proteolytic degradation with trypsin, the cells were able to recolonize tissue culture flasks, suggesting that cells for therapeutic purposes could be delivered in vivo using an mTG-crosslinked gelatin construct. Upon submersion in a saline solution at 37 degrees C, the mTG-crosslinked gelatin exhibited no mass loss, within experimental error, indicating that the material is thermally stable. The proteolytic degradation rate of mTG-crosslinked gelatin at RT was slightly faster than that of thermally-cooled (physically-crosslinked) gelatin. Thermally-cooled gelatin that was subsequently crosslinked with mTG resulted in hydrogels that were more resistant to proteolysis. Degradation rates were found to be tunable with gelatin content, an attribute that may be useful for either long-time cell encapsulation or time-released regenerative cell delivery. Further investigation showed that proteolytic degradation was controlled by surface erosion.
232 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, gellan and κ-carrageenan were added to improve properties of the fish gelatin films, which increased tensile strength and barrier against water vapor, but made films slightly darker.
Abstract: Fish gelatin is known to be inferior to mammalian gelatins. Gellan and κ -carrageenan were added to improve properties of the fish gelatin films. Initially, polysaccharides were added to make fish gelatin gels, and tested for the melting point. Mechanical, barrier, color and microstructure properties, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermal analysis (DSC) of the modified fish gelatin films were evaluated. The addition of gellan and κ -carrageenan increased the melting point of fish gelatin gels, gellan being more effective. Polysaccharides modified fish gelatin films by increasing tensile strength and barrier against water vapor, but made films slightly darker. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructure analysis revealed that gellan eliminated cracks present in the film matrix resulting in a more uniform structure. FTIR and DSC analyses showed that both polysaccharides effectively interacted with fish gelatin, and moreover, gellan being more effective. Overall, addition of gellan up to 2 g/100 g of gelatin performed better in enhancing fish gelatin films properties.
232 citations
TL;DR: P porous gelatin scaffolds were prepared by cryogenic treatment of a chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel, followed by removal of the ice crystals formed through lyophilization, demonstrating that the pore size decreased with an increasing gelatin concentration and with an increase cooling rate of the gelatin Hydrogel.
200 citations
TL;DR: The quantity and structure of Hyp-containing peptides in human blood after oral administration of gelatin hydrolysate depends on the gelatin source.
Abstract: We compared quantity and structures of food-derived gelatin hydrolysates in human blood from three sources of type I collagen in a single blind crossover study. Five healthy male volunteers ingested type I gelatin hydrolysates from fish scale, fish skin, or porcine skin after 12 h of fasting. Amounts of free form Hyp and Hyp-containing peptide were measured over a 24-h period. Hyp-containing peptides comprised approximately 30% of all detected Hyp. The total area under the concentration-time curve of the fish scale group was significantly higher than that of the porcine skin group. Pro-Hyp was a major constituent of Hyp-containing peptides. Ala-Hyp, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, Phe-Hyp, and Pro-Hyp-Gly were detected only with fish scale or fish skin gelatin hydrolysates. Ala-Hyp-Gly and Ser-Hyp-Gly were detected only with fish scale gelatin hydrolysate. The quantity and structure of Hyp-containing peptides in human blood after oral administration of gelatin hydrolysate depends on the gelatin source.
197 citations
TL;DR: Gelatins were prepared from the skins of the tropical fish, sin croaker ( Johnius dussumeiri ) and shortfin scad ( Decapterus macrosoma ).
TL;DR: The results indicated that cells attached, spread, and proliferated on both types of hydrogels, and the scaffolds developed can be used for the long-term culturing of human cells.
TL;DR: The results from near-UV CD spectra show that the binding of C12C2C12 induces changes of the microenvironment around the aromatic amino acid residues and disulfide bonds of BSA at high C 12C2 C12 concentrations.
TL;DR: The result using mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts as model cells to evaluate cell affinity in vitro showed the cationized gelatin-anchored PLGA (OCG-PLGA) was more favorable for cell attachment and growth than oxygen plasma treated PLGA
TL;DR: Electrospun natural polymer membranes fabricated from collagen or gelatin coated with a bioactive recombinant fragment of perlecan, a natural heparan sulfate proteoglycan, allowed the facile processing of a three-dimensional, porous fibril matrix suitable for tissue engineering.
TL;DR: Two patterns of cell/matrix constructs containing hepatic cells, gelatin and fibrinogen were successfully created by automated rapid prototyping techniques and stabilized with thrombin, demonstrating that a 1:1 ratio gelatin/fibrin mixture had the greatest elasticity modulus and compressive strength.
Abstract: There is a need for rapid fabrication of tissue or organs with well-defined structures and functions in regenerative medicine. Two patterns of cell/matrix constructs containing hepatic cells, gelatin and fibrinogen were successfully created by automated rapid prototyping techniques and stabilized with thrombin. No apparent cell damage was found during the process. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that a 1:1 ratio gelatin/fibrin mixture had the greatest elasticity modulus and compressive strength. Microscopic and histological observations showed that hepatic cells were embedded in the gelatin/fibrinogen matrix and were proliferating. Immunostaining and biochemical analysis indicated that the embedded hepatocytes secreted albumin. Fibrin appears to be a favorable component for a gelatin based cell assembly matrix in that it is bioresorbable, easily manipulated, and supports in vitro cell functions.
TL;DR: The resulting nanoparticulate systems with long circulation properties could be used to target encapsulated drugs and genes to tumors passively by utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention effect of the tumor vasculature.
TL;DR: The results of these studies show that PEG-modified thiolated gelatin nanoparticles could serve as a very efficient nanoparticulate vector for systemic DNA delivery to solid tumors where the cells are known to have significantly higher intracellular GSH concentrations.
TL;DR: Transparent gelatin-clay nanocomposite films were made through solution processing as discussed by the authors, and the Young's modulus of the composite film was 8.3 GPa by dispersing only 10% of one type of montmorillonite clay into the gelatin phase.
TL;DR: Rec recombinant gelatins are a versatile class of biopolymers for the preparation of hydrogels for protein delivery and were enzymatically degradable by human matrix metalloproteinase 1, which is an indication of their in vivo biodegradability.
TL;DR: Results of cell culture studies suggested that the crosslinked, core-shell fibrous scaffold were nontoxic and capable of supporting fibroblast adhesion and proliferation.
Abstract: A facile coaxial electrospinning technique was devised to prepare biodegradable core-shell fibrous scaffolds with poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) comprising the core structure and gelatin forming the coating of the fibers. The effect of the feed rate of the inner dope on the electrospinning process and fiber morphology was investigated. The results indicated that core-shell fibers with narrow size distribution and smooth surface morphology could be obtained when the feed rate was below 8 mL/h. An increase of the feed rate resulted in analogous increase in the diameters of both the inner PCL fiber core and the entire core-shell fibers. XPS analyses revealed that the surface of the core-shell fibers was tainted with a small amount of PCL. The outer gelatin layer in the core-shell fibers was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. By optimizing the glutaraldehyde/gelatin feed ratio, crosslinked scaffolds with high porosity were obtained. The mechanic strength of the hydrated, crosslinked core-shell fibrous scaffolds was significantly enhanced because of the presence of hydrophobic PCL in the core region of the fibers. Results of cell culture studies suggested that the crosslinked, core-shell fibrous scaffold were nontoxic and capable of supporting fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
TL;DR: Cell culture experiment in vitro showed that hepatocytes perform better in the well-defined chitosan/gelatin scaffold than in porous scaffold, and this approach provides a new way to fabricate complex 3D scaffold using various natural biomaterials for vital organ engineering.
TL;DR: The mitochondrial activity assay provided good evidences of cells viability on the Gel/MMT–CS membranes, giving an indication of possible application as a matrix for tissue engineering.
Abstract: A novel gelatin/montmorillonite–chitosan (Gel/MMT–CS) nanocomposite scaffold was prepared via the intercalation process and the freeze-drying technique, using the ice particulates as the porogen materials. Properties including pore structure, water adsorption content, in vitro degradation and tensile strength were investigated. It was demonstrated that the introduced intercalation structure endowed the Gel/MMT–CS scaffold with good mechanical properties and a controllable degradation rate. Scanning of the electron microscope images revealed that the scaffold obtained was highly porous and suitable for the implanted cells to adhere and grow. The mitochondrial activity assay provided good evidences of cells viability on the Gel/MMT–CS membranes, giving an indication of possible application as a matrix for tissue engineering.
TL;DR: The in vitro degradation of PLLA scaffolds in terms of weight loss, water uptake, weight-average molecular weight, thermal behavior and morphology during a 39 week period in phosphate-buffered saline is investigated.
TL;DR: High swelling ratios, together with excellent elasticity and hydrophilicity, allow them to response rapidly to an external magnetic stimulation for fast and repeatable swelling-deswelling (or expansion-contractile) operations.
TL;DR: The composite films were biodegradable and possessed moderate mechanical properties and a low water vapor transmission rate and are considered to have potential applications as packaging or coating materials for food or drug industries.
Abstract: Composite films were prepared from pectin and fish skin gelatin (FSG) or pectin and soybean flour protein (SFP). The inclusion of protein promoted molecular interactions, resulting in a well-organized homogeneous structure, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and fracture-acoustic emission analysis. The resultant composite films showed an increase in stiffness and strength and a decrease in water solubility and water vapor transmission rate, in comparison with films cast from pectin alone. The composite films inherited the elastic nature of proteins, thus being more flexible than the pure pectin films. Treating the composite films with glutaraldehyde/methanol induced chemical cross-linking with the proteins and reduced the interstitial spaces among the macromolecules and, consequently, improved their mechanical properties and water resistance. Treating the protein-free pectin films with glutaraldehyde/methanol also improved the Young's modulus and tensile strength, but showed little effect on the water resistance, because the treatment caused only dehydration of the pectin films and the dehydration is reversible. The composite films were biodegradable and possessed moderate mechanical properties and a low water vapor transmission rate. Therefore, the films are considered to have potential applications as packaging or coating materials for food or drug industries.
TL;DR: This review presents how fish processing by-products can be utilized in the manufacture of gelatin, a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin, due to its unique chemical and physical properties.
Abstract: Since the bovine spongiform encephalopathy crisis, there has been a growing interest for finding an alternative source of raw materials for gelatin production. Gelatin produced from fish processing by-products is a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin. Fish processing generates solid wastes that can be as high as 50–80% of the original raw material. These wastes are an excellent raw material for preparation of high protein foods. About 30% of the wastes consists of skin and bone with a high collagen content. Fish gelatin can be obtained by hydrolysis of collagen the principal protein found in skin and bone. Fish skin and bone gelatin can be prepared with bloom strength similar to that obtained from mammalian sources. Fish gelatin has numerous applications, particularly, in the food, pharmaceutical, and photographic industries due to its unique chemical and physical properties. This review presents how fish processing by-products can be utilized in the manufacture of gelatin.
TL;DR: In this paper, a single solvent system and a mixed solvent system were used for electrospinning of gelatin, which produced beads, beaded fibers, and smooth fibers, depending on the concentration range.
Abstract: Gelatin, a naturally-occurring biopolymer, was electrospun in the present contribution. Gelatin solutions were prepared in either single solvent system [i.e., glacial acetic acid (AA)] or mixed solvent systems [i.e., AA/2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), AA/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), AA/ethylene glycol (EG), and AA/formamide (F)]. The electrospinning was carried out under a fixed electrostatic field strength of 7.5 kV/7.5 cm and the polarity of the emitting electrode was positive. The effects of these solvent systems on morphology and/or size of the electrospun materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrospinning of 15–29% w/v gelatin solutions in AA produced beads, beaded fibers, and smooth fibers, depending on the concentration range. Only smooth fibers were observed at the concentration range of 21–29% w/v, with their average diameter ranging between 214 and 839 nm. The addition of TFE as a co-solvent or another modifying liquid of DMSO, EG, or F helped improve the electrospinnability of the resulting gelatin solution. Among the three modifying liquids, DMSO and EG contributed to the formation of smooth gelatin fibers with reduced diameters when compared with those obtained from the solution in pure AA.
TL;DR: Molecular modeling of model gelatin peptides revealed that they form an oxygen triad plane at the C-terminus with oxygen-oxygen distances similar to those found in ice nuclei, which appears to be the mechanism by which gelatin hydrolysate might be inhibiting ice crystal growth in ice cream mix.
Abstract: The inhibition of ice crystal growth in ice cream mix by gelatin hydrolysate produced by papain action was studied. The ice crystal growth was monitored by thermal cycling between −14 and −12 °C at a rate of one cycle per 3 min. It is shown that the hydrolysate fraction containing peptides in the molecular weight range of about 2000 −5000 Da exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on ice crystal growth in ice cream mix, whereas fractions containing peptides greater than 7000 Da did not inhibit ice crystal growth. The size distribution of gelatin peptides formed in the hydrolysate was influenced by the pH of hydrolysis. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for producing peptides with maximum ice crystal growth inhibitory activity was pH 7 at 37 °C for 10 min at a papain to gelatin ratio of 1:100. However, this may depend on the type and source of gelatin. The possible mechanism of ice crystal growth inhibition by peptides from gelatin is discussed. Molecular modeling of model gelatin peptides revealed that ...
TL;DR: Microcapsules containing Zanthoxylum limonella oil and crosslinked gelatin showed absence of any significant interaction between polymer and oil.