Showing papers on "Health management system published in 2021"

Primary Health Care and Hospital Management During COVID-19: Lessons from Lombardy.

Abstract: The pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 tested the resilience of health systems worldwide. The outcome of the pandemic is impacted by health management choices made over the course of the disaster, which in turn are strongly dependent on the underlying healthcare system - as mirrored by the fact that regional pandemic experiences differ considerably: In Italy (a country most impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak), infection and mortality rates vary vastly between regions, with Lombardy - a comparatively well-equipped region with regard to hospitals and centers of scientific excellence - being amongst the worst-affected areas. Within this article, we focus on the challenges within primary health care and hospital organization, cooperation between primary and specialist care, and access to health care services: In Lombardy, neglected primary health care with a comparatively low availability of general practitioners (GPs) per inhabitant, the initial prioritization of hospitals during the pandemic while neglecting primary health care in terms of personal protective equipment (PPE), the lack of testing resources, and a failure to achieve coordinated support contributed to a quick overburdening of hospitals, where the dissolution of traditional departments into "macro-areas" may favor nosocomial infections during an ongoing pandemic. Neither specialized medicine nor privatization, but rather flexible public healthcare services working in consistent cooperation with GPs, show better efficiency in containing viral spread and managing patients. Strengthening the primary health care sector with regard to human and technical resources and supporting the coordination between the different levels of health care providers help to avoid overcrowded hospitals, while protecting patients and health care workers during large-scale health emergencies. Overall, further in-depth analysis of structural determinants is needed in order to develop more-resilient and integrative health care systems.

Just-In-Time Training in a Tertiary Referral Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is threatening health systems worldwide, requiring extraordinary efforts to contain the virus and prepare health care systems for unprecedented situations. In this context, the entire health care workforce must be properly trained to guarantee an effective response. Just-in-time training has been an efficient solution for rapidly equipping health care workers with new knowledge, skills, and attitudes during emergencies; thus, it could also be an effective training technique in the context of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the unexpected magnitude of this health crisis, the health care workforce must be trained in 2 areas: (1) basic infection prevention and control, including public health skills that are the core of population-based health management and (2) disaster medicine principles, such as surge capacity, allocation of scarce resources, triage, and the ethical dilemmas of rationing medical care. This Perspective reports how just-in-time training concepts and methods were applied in a tertiary referral hospital in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy, one of the hardest hit places in the world. The COVID-19 just-in-time training was designed to provide hospital staff with the competencies they need to work proficiently and safely inside the hospital, including an understanding of the working principles and standard operating procedures in place and the correct use of personal protective equipment. Moreover, this training was intended to address the basic principles of disaster medicine applied to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such training was essential in enabling staff to rapidly attain competencies that most of them lacked because disaster medicine and global health are not included in the curricula of Italian medical and nursing schools. Although a formal evaluation was not performed, this is a useful example of how to create just-in-time training in a large hospital during a crisis of an unprecedented scale.

Putting Health 4.0 at the service of Society 5.0: Exploratory insights from a pilot study

Abstract: The Health 4.0 paradigm is reshaping the attributes of health services' delivery. Alongside triggering institutional, structural, and cultural changes for health care organizations, it aims at achieving an increased patients and caregivers' participation in the value creation process. This is consistent with the transition towards Society 5.0 in health care. Drawing on the outcome of the research project “Health management system for managing bedsores in the home care setting”, which was financed by the Operative Regional Programme of Campania, Southern Italy (Regional decree no. 614 dated October 29th, 2018 - CUP: B53D18000120007 - POR FESR Campania 2014/2020, O.S. 1.1), this study advances a Health 4.0 solution embedded in a mobile clinical Decision Support System intended to merge the diverging purposes of increasing health services' efficiency and boosting the quality of care by enacting value co-creation. The solution has been tested in a delicate health care setting, i.e. bedsores’ treatment for home-care patients. The results of the pilot test suggest that Health 4.0 generates a twofold gain. On the one hand, it enables a more effective and timelier delivery of health services, curbing health exacerbations and tackling access to emergency care. On the other hand, it creates a digital-based empowering environment for patients and informal caregivers, activating them to perform as value co-creators. Health 4.0 should enter the socio-economic planning discourse in health care, being conceived of as a solution to enhance the economic viability and the social sustainability of health care systems.

Digital Health Innovation, Informatics Opportunity, and Challenges

Abstract: Health management has recently been highlighted because of COVID-19, but it has always been a challenge. Digital health technologies have the potential to offer significant opportunities for health management by providing quantitative foundations for pharmaceutical trials, medical studies, public health programs, pandemic response, and overall measurement of individual health. These opportunities come from the data generated by digital health technology and combined with health information from other sources. Many digital health devices are appearing on the market, some for consumers to provide health data. However, medical industry digitization has many challenges including data accuracy and informatics, significant security and privacy issues as well how to best utilize the information with medical professionals and research. This article examines the situation, how the market is changing, types of health devices, and provides a framework for health management informatics for patient, medical professional, and researcher needs. With this framework, we look at how many ways it can be utilized to manage health and humanity.

Efficient and Traceable Patient Health Data Search System for Hospital Management in Smart Cities

Abstract: Smart city, as a new mode, is introduced to improve the level of city management for modern cities. In smart cities, a kernel field is health management for urban residents. Hospital management, as one of the most important components in health management, is concerned. To provide high-quality medical service for sick residents, accurate patient health data analysis is needed. Thus, data collection in patient health monitoring is necessary. To achieve this, massive Internet-of-Things devices are distributed; in general, they are resource-constrained devices. From this, lightweight index generation is needed. Furthermore, with the development of professional technologies in medical science, the hospital manager has to employ many different types of professional doctors. They need the shared patient health data to do a precise diagnosis and present an efficient therapeutic schedule for each patient. However, many secret details are recorded in the patient health data. Thus, data privacy of the shared patient health data should be maintained. In this article, we propose a new traceable patient health data search system for hospital management in smart cities. In this system, the system manager shares the encrypted patient health data to different doctors at the grain of hospital bed. Each doctor accurately finds a patient with a special feature from the patient health monitoring data. To prevent patient health data leakage, the functions of illegal search query blocking and inside malicious user tracing are designed. The performance analysis shows that our system is practical for lightweight data collecting devices.

Student Physical Health Information Management Model under Big Data Environment

Abstract: Health is considered an important foundation for students’ success. However, with the accelerated pace of life, rising pressure from various parties, weak health awareness, lack of exercise time, and other reasons, students’ physical quality is generally declining, the incidence of health diseases is increasing, and the onset age tends to be younger. With the development of the concept of “health first,” health management continues to expand and extend and students’ health management has attracted more attention from many aspects. Due to the late and low starting point of health management research and the lack of professional theoretical support, a complete, mature, and effective health management service system has not been established to deal with the students’ health. In order to make student health management more scientific, normative, and effective, this article has proposed big data technology to build the student health information management model. The first step of the approach is to store and analyze the data of students’ physical health. It is necessary to combine the data collection, supervision, data analysis, and data application of students’ physical health and gradually improve the national monitoring and evaluation system of students’ physical health. Student health check-up management platform is mainly used in realizing the school student information management and student health information relationship between system, science, standardization, and automation, and its main task is to use a computer to perform daily management of all previous medical information of students, such as query, modify, add, delete, and enhance the physical health of students information management ability given the large data analysis of useful information. In addition, we have built a doctor recommendation model based on online questions and answers to give specific health recommendations for students of different physiques.

Challenge Accepted! a Critical Reflection on How to Perform a Health Survey Among University Students-An Example of the Healthy Campus Mainz Project.

Abstract: Background: Universities represent an important setting of everyday life for health promotion. The Healthy Campus Mainz project aims to develop an evidence-based and comprehensive student health management program covering physical, mental, and social health promotion. Hence, an initial health survey was performed in order to identify the students' health concerns and resources. Up until now, it remains unclear which topics to choose in a health survey among university students and which strategies can be recommended to receive an acceptable response rate or representative student sample within a university setting. The present paper contributes to the call for the present research topic "Public Health Promotion in University Students" by describing methods for health assessment. Therefore, the current paper aims to give an empirical example on how to perform a health survey among university students, focusing on (1) choosing topics for the survey and (2) methodological considerations of how to reach the target population. Methods: An online questionnaire including around 270 items was developed covering a comprehensive set of health topics. Participants were recruited via the university email. Mixed channels for survey promotion, such as lecture visits and social media, were used, accompanied by different monetary and non-monetary incentives. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the sample. Results: A total of 5,006 participants (out of 31,213 registered students) viewed the first page of the questionnaire; of whom, 4,714 continued further. After a manual data cleaning according to the predefined criteria, the final sample was 4,351, demonstrating a response rate of 13.9%. Students from different study disciplines participated. However, some study disciplines showed a low participation rate, hence, making the results not free from some bias. Discussion: This survey is exceptional as it integrates a great variety of health aspects. The incentive strategy demonstrated promising results. Future research should try to improve target-group-specific recruitment strategies for the traditionally underrepresented groups, such as males and specific study disciplines. This would not only include advancing marketing strategies, but also refining the incentive strategy.

Effects of the COVID-19 Emergency and National Lockdown on Italian Citizens' Economic Concerns, Government Trust, and Health Engagement: Evidence From a Two-Wave Panel Study.

Abstract: Policy Points Preventive measures such as the national lockdown in Italy have been effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19 However, they also had psychological and economic impacts on people's lives, which should not be neglected as they may reduce citizens' trust and compliance with future health mandates Engaging citizens in their own health management and in the collaboration with health care professionals and authorities via the adoption of a collaborative approach to health policy development is fundamental to fostering such measures' effectiveness Psychosocial analysis of citizens' concerns and emotional reactions to preventive policies is important in order to plan personalized health communication campaigns CONTEXT: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, between February 23 and March 8, 2020, some areas of Italy were declared "red zones," with citizens asked to stay home and avoid unnecessary interpersonal contacts Such measures were then extended, between March 10 and May 4, 2020, to the whole country However, compliance with such behaviors had an important impact on citizens' personal, psychological, and economic well-being This could result in reduced trust in authorities and lowered compliance Keeping citizens engaged in their own health and in preventive behaviors is thus a key strategy for the success of such measures This paper presents the results from a study conducted in Italy to monitor levels of people's health engagement, sentiment, trust in authorities, and perception of risk at two different time points METHODS: Two independent samples (n = 968 and n = 1,004), weighted to be representative of the adult Italian population, were recruited in two waves corresponding to crucial moments of the Italian COVID-19 epidemic: between February 28 and March 4 (beginning of "phase 1," after the first regional lockdowns), and between May 12 and May 18 (beginning of "phase 2," after the national lockdown was partially dismissed) Respondents were asked to complete an online survey with a series of both validated measures and ad hoc items A series of t-tests, general linear models, and contingency tables were carried out to assess if and how our measures changed over time in different social groups FINDINGS: Although sense of self and social responsibility increased between the two waves, and trust toward authorities remained substantially the same, trust in science, consumer sentiment, and health engagement decreased Our results showed that while both the level of general concern for the emergency and the perceived risk of infection increased between the two waves, in the second wave our participants reported being more concerned for the economic consequences of the pandemic than the health risk CONCLUSIONS: The potentially disruptive psychological impact of lockdown may hamper citizens' compliance with, and hence the effectiveness of, behavioral preventive measures This suggests that preventive measures should be accompanied by collaborative educational plans aimed at promoting people's health engagement by making citizens feel they are partners in the health preventive endeavor and involved in the development of health policies

Digital Solutions to Alleviate the Burden on Health Systems During a Public Health Care Crisis: COVID-19 as an Opportunity.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated unprecedented and sustained health management challenges worldwide. Health care systems continue to struggle to support the needs of the majority of infected individuals that are either asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. In addition, long-term effects in the form of long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms or widespread mental health issues aggravated by the pandemic pose a burden on health care systems worldwide. This viewpoint article considers aspects of digital health care solutions and how they can play an ongoing role in safely addressing gaps in the health care support available from initially and repeatedly overwhelmed providers and systems. Digital solutions can be readily designed to address this need and can be flexible enough to adapt to the evolving management requirements of various stakeholders to reduce COVID-19 infection rates, acute hospitalizations, and mortality. Multiplatform solutions provide a hybrid model of care, which can include mobile and online platforms accompanied by direct clinician input and feedback. Desirable components to be included are discussed, including symptom tracking, patient education, well-being support, and bidirectional communication between patients and clinicians. Customizable and scalable digital health platforms not only can be readily adapted to further meet the needs of employers and public health stakeholders during the ongoing pandemic, but also hold relevance for flexibly meeting broader care management needs into the future.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A case of Turkey

Abstract: Amac: Koronavirus hastaligi 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemisinin kuresel bir mesele olmasindan dolayi, her ulke halk sagligini uzun vadede koruyabilmek icin ekonomik ve sosyal politikalarini degistirmeye baslamistir. Bu calismanin amaci COVID-19 pandemisinin Turkiye’deki saglik yonetimi ve saglik hizmetleri uzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Bu calisma, nitel arastirma metodolojisini izlemis ve ikincil veri kaynaklarini kullanmistir. Bu calismada, Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu (TUIK) ve Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Saglik Bakanligi'na dayali olarak acik erisim verileri kullanilmistir. Veriler Nitel Icerik Analizi ile analiz edilmistir. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara gore, calisma 2 temel bolumde bulgulari saglamaktadir. Ilk olarak, calismada 2010-2019 yillari arasini kapsayan donemler icin Turkiye’deki saglik sektorune iliskin guncel bir profil sunmaktadir. Ikinci olarak, calisma, COVID-19 pandemisinin Turkiye’deki saglik yonetimi ve saglik hizmetleri uzerindeki etkisini belirleyen temel faktorleri vermektedir. Bu calisma, siniflandirma, tablolar ve sekiller yardimiyla, COVID-19 sirasinda, saglik politikalarinda meydana gelen degisimleri gostererek, saglik yonetimi alani icin orijinal bulgular vermektedir. Sonuc: COVID-19 pandemisinin Turkiye’deki saglik yonetimi ve saglik hizmetleri uzerindeki etkileri goz onunde alindiginda, Turkiye’nin bu sureci uygun sekilde yonettigi soylenebilir. Ornek bir vaka olarak, Turkiye’nin saglik politikalari ve yeni yonetim stratejileri, COVID-19 pandemi surecini yonetmede basarisiz olan diger gelismekte olan ve gelismis ulkelere yol gosterebilir. Bu calisma, uyarlanabilir ve surdurulebilir saglik politikalarinin uzun vadede halk sagligini koruyacagini gostermektedir.

Co-creation and prototyping of an intervention focusing on health literacy in management of malaria at community-level in Ghana.

Abstract: Collaborating with end-users to develop interventions tailored to fit unique circumstances is proposed as a way to improve relevance and effectiveness of an intervention. This study used a local needs driven approach to develop a health literacy intervention for caregivers in Ghana concerning management of malaria in children under 5 years. For the period, November 2017–February 2019, we carried out the study using a three-phase framework including: 1) Needs assessment based on data from questionnaires, focus groups, individual interviews and observations, 2) Co-creation of a board game and brochures for health education at Child Welfare Clinics to address needs in health literacy concerning malaria and 3) Development of a prototype of the game, brochures as well as determining feasibility. In addition to the research team, health administrators, community health workers, designers and caregivers contributed to the development of the intervention. The needs assessment contributed to the development of interactive and useful materials including a board game and brochures, to help bridge the gaps in health literacy among caregivers. Co-creation of the materials and prototyping yielded a varying sense of ownership among stakeholders. End-users’ engagement and participation in developing the intervention resulted in a high interest and adherence to interventions. However, high attrition rates of health workers and caregivers’ inconsistent use of the Child Welfare Clinics challenged sustainability of this intervention. Co-creation led to an interactive intervention. The interactive nature of the board game and brochures resulted in a better caregiver-health provider relationship and a sense of recognition of a more participatory approach to health delivery. We recommend co-creation as an approach to develop needs-driven interventions in a context like Ghana. Still, a stronger buy-in at the top-level of health management would improve sustainability and reach a larger audience. To develop useful interventions, it is important to involve the users of the intervention in its development. Such interventions address the unique needs of the users. This study reports on the design and evaluation of an intervention which was designed to meet the health literacy needs of caregivers with children under 5 years in the management of malaria in Ghana. The development process involved three phases. Firstly, the study identified the health literacy needs of caregivers using questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews and observations. Secondly, there was collaboration with stakeholders in the design of a board game and brochures as health education tools to be used at the Child Welfare Clinics and lastly, the practicality of the designed materials as health education tools for caregivers was assessed. The intervention addressed the identified health literacy needs of caregivers. Stakeholders involved in the development process expressed ownership in varying degrees depending on the extent of their involvement. Users of the board game and brochures showed high interest and participation in the intervention delivery. Sustainability was challenged with periodic transfer and loss of health workers to career development, as well as irregular visits by some caregivers to the Child Welfare Clinics. The use of interactive game and brochures at the Child Welfare Clinics improved caregiver and health worker relationship and encouraged a participatory method of healthcare. For long-term sustainability and scale-out of the intervention, there is the need for more support of top-level management of health in the country.

The National Health Plan 2030: Its Purpose and Directions of Development.

Abstract: The National Health Plan 2030 (HP2030) started to be prepared in 2017 and was completed and announced in December 2020. This study presents an overview of how it was established, the major changes in policies, its purpose, and future directions. This study analyzed the steps taken in the past 4 years to establish HP2030 and reviewed major issues at the international and governmental levels based on an evaluation of HP2020 and its content. HP2030 establishes 6 divisions and 28 topic areas, and it will continue to expand investments in health with a total budget of 2.5 trillion Korean won. It also established goals to enhance health equity for the first time, with the goal of calculating healthy life expectancy in a way that reflects the circumstances of Korea and reducing the gap in income and healthy life expectancy between regions. The establishment of HP2030 is significant in that it constitutes a sustainable long-term plan with sufficient preparation, contains policy measures that everyone participates in and makes together, and works towards improvements in universal health standards and health equity. With the announcement of HP2030, which includes goals and directions of the national health policy for the next 10 years, it will be necessary to further strengthen collaboration with relevant ministries, local governments, and agencies in various fields to concretize support for prevention-centered health management as a national task and to develop a health-friendly environment that considers health in all policy areas.

Integrating Workforce Health Into Employer Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Efforts.

Abstract: Our collective experience with COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter has heightened awareness of deeply embedded racial and socioeconomic disparities in American businesses. This time, perhaps, sustained change is within reach. As organizations advance diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives, an often overlooked focus of is the health status of employees and their families, where equitable access to high-value health benefits offerings should be available to all. This commentary provides guidance for employers to expand their DEI initiatives to include employee and family health and well-being as a central outcome measure. Employers should ensure that DEI efforts incorporate equitable benefits design, and objectively assess benefit design impact on healthcare utilization and cost. Additionally, employers must appreciate the workplace as a significant determinant of health-for lower income workers, in particular-with review of policies and practices to mitigate any discriminatory negative health or well-being impact. Further, race and ethnicity data should be incorporated in health benefits data analysis to understand more clearly the differential outcomes of health management offerings on these different sub-populations. Finally, social needs data should be incorporated into strategic benefits planning to better understand gaps and opportunities to foster greater benefits equity. The provided recommendations can support employer goals of achieving greater equity and value in workforce health, measurably contributing to business success.

Cutaneous melanoma: cost of illness under Brazilian health system perspectives

Abstract: The landscape of cutaneous melanoma (CM) diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment has undergone fundamental changes in the past decade. While the benefits of new health resources are recognized, there is a distinct lack of accurate cost-of-illness information to aid healthcare decision makers. The cost-of-illness study for CM was conducted from the perspective of two health systems in Brazil: the public health system (Unified Health System, SUS) and the private health system (Health Management Organization, HMO). The study considered the direct medical cost in a bottom-up analysis, using melanoma incidence, knowledge of the disease’s progression, and the overall survival rates. The executional costs for the complete healthcare delivery cycle were investigated considering different disease stages and possible clinical course variations. The structural cost was assessed qualitatively considering the health value chain in Brazil. CM represents a critical financial burden in Brazil, and the cost of illness varied according to the health system and by stage at diagnosis. HMO patient costs are approximately 10-fold and 90-fold more than a SUS patient in the early-stage and advanced disease, respectively. Overall, spending on advanced disease patients can be up to 34-fold (SUS) or 270-fold (HMO) higher than that required for the early-stage disease. Given the massive amount of resources spent by the SUS and HMO, significant efforts must be made to improve the health value chain to deliver the right mix of medical care goods and services using available resources. The cost-of-illness study for CM has the potential to inform policymakers and decision-makers regarding the economic burden that melanoma impose on a society in terms of the use of health care services, assisting them in making projections of future health care costs and resource allocation decisions. We believe that cost-of-illness analysis from a strategic perspective could be of help in assessing executional costs and be used to support the change in structural costs required for long-term strategies related to the health value chain.

A Worker-Centered Personal Health Record App for Workplace Health Promotion Using National Health Care Data Sets: Design and Development Study.

Abstract: Background: Personal health record (PHR) technology can be used to support workplace health promotion, and prevent social and economic losses related to workers’ health management. PHR services can not only ensure interoperability, security, privacy, and data quality, but also consider the user’s perspective in their design. Objective: Using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and national health care data sets, this study aimed to design and develop an app for providing worker-centered, interconnected PHR services. Methods: This study considered the user’s perspective, using the human-centered design (HCD) methodology, to develop a PHR app suitable for occupational health. We developed a prototype after analyzing quantitative and qualitative data collected from workers and a health care professional group, after which we performed a usability evaluation. We structured workers’ PHR items based on the analyzed data, and ensured structural and semantic interoperability using FHIR, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). This study integrated workers’ health information scattered across different Korean institutions through an interface method, and workers’ PHRs were managed through a cloud server, using Azure API for FHIR. Results: In total, 562 workers from industrial parks participated in the quantitative study. The preferred data items for PHR were medication, number of steps walked, diet, blood pressure, weight, and blood glucose. The preferred features were ability to access medical checkup results, health information content provision, consultation record inquiry, and teleconsultation. The worker-centered PHR app collected data on, among others, life logs, vital signs, and medical checkup results; offered health care services such as reservation and teleconsultation; and provided occupational safety and health information through material safety data sheet search and health questionnaires. The app reflected improvements in user convenience and app usability proposed by 19 participants (7 health care professionals and 12 end users) in the usability evaluation. The After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) was evaluated with a mean score of 5.90 (SD 0.34) out of 7, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was evaluated a mean score of 88.7 (SD 4.83) out of 100. Conclusions: The worker-centered PHR app integrates workers’ health information from different institutions and provides a variety of health care services from linked institutions through workers’ shared PHR. This app is expected to increase workers’ autonomy over their health information and support medical personnel’s decision making regarding workers’ health in the workplace. Particularly, the app will provide solutions for current major PHR challenges, and its design, which considers the user’s perspective, satisfies the prerequisites for its utilization in occupational health.

Perspectives on Human-AI Interaction Applied to Health and Wellness Management: Between Milestones and Hurdles

Abstract: Across the globe, the demand over a good quality healthcare is in the rise. Patients require rigorous treatments and thorough followups. Meanwhile, the advent of artificial intelligence has opened up various opportunities for healthcare providers to meet their patients’ demands. With the use of artificial intelligence, data can be harnessed to provide digital guidance, design care management programs, as well as predict the upcoming health crisis. While artificial intelligence for managing patients’ health and well-being may seem ready to be implemented, patients as well as health institutions still devote a preponderant importance to the clinician at the center of care. In this chapter, we explore the position of artificial intelligence in the management of health and well-being, where the human (patient) to human (clinician) interaction is key to its success. Yet, patients feel ready to get support from artificial intelligence. We first describe opportunities of how artificial intelligence is already used in the management of patients’ health. We then describe the hurdles impeding the Human-AI interaction between the artificial intelligent health management systems and the user.

Constructing an active health and safety performance questionnaire in the food manufacturing industry.

Abstract: To design a comprehensive health and safety management performance system, extant literature on the health and safety performance indicators of and management systems for the application of occupational health and safety management systems was reviewed; additionally, the provisions of occupational health and safety laws were examined with a total of three main categories, including 28 active safety and health management performance categories. In the present study, health and safety management performance was evaluated by food manufacturing industry employees. An active performance evaluation questionnaire was developed by adopting the Delphi method to seek professional and expert opinion. With food manufacturing workers as participants, an in-depth discussion was conducted regarding the status of active health and safety performance indicators. Six active health and safety performance indicators were determined: emergency response; change management; procurement management; communication; prevention management; security behavior. These performance indicators have not been sufficiently implemented and require improvement.

Data-Enabled Digestive Medicine: A New Big Data Analytics Platform

Abstract: This paper presents a big data analystics platform for clinical research and practice in the Gastroenterology Department of Xiangya Hospital at Central South University in China. This platform features a comprehensive and systematic support of big data in digestive medicine including geneneral health management, clinical gastroenterology practice, and related genomics research, which is proven to be helpful in real world clinical practices. A typical use case of integrated analysis based on electronic medical records and colonoscopy data was presented and discussed, the analaystic report on risk factors of colorectal diseases shows a reasonable recommendation about the age when people should start to screen the colorectal cancer, which could be very useful to individual and group health management for the general population in China.

Sleep health management in community pharmacy: Where are we and where should we be heading?

Abstract: Background Poor sleep health is now recognised as a significant risk factor for chronic diseases and is associated with considerable comorbidity and mortality. Community pharmacists are primary care clinicians with an integral role in sleep health promotion and chronic sleep disorder management; however, it is unclear to what extent this is currently being undertaken or what the perspectives of Australian community pharmacists regarding their role in sleep health are. Objectives To explore community pharmacists’ current sleep health practice and perspectives on the potential future of sleep health care in community pharmacy. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with a maximally varied, convenience-based purposive sample of community pharmacists. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to, in sequence; an inductive analysis followed by a deductive approach where the inductively derived thematic structure was used as a framework. Results Twenty-five community pharmacists from two Australian states were interviewed. Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were the most frequently encountered sleep disorders in community pharmacy presentations. Four key themes were derived from the data: 1) Preparedness, 2) Approach, 3) Capabilities and 4) What needs to change? All participants reported that their sleep health knowledge was insufficient and emphasized the need for more education and training. Although some were engaged in providing OSA services, none of the participants offered services for insomnia or other sleep disorders. Time/task pressures, low health system/health care professional sleep health recognition/awareness and the lack of standardised pharmacy-specific sleep health management guidelines were commonly cited barriers for sleep health service provision. Conclusion Community pharmacists commonly manage day-to-day sleep health; however, most expressed a need for increased sleep health recognition/awareness by the health system, targeted education/training for pharmacists and support for the future provision of community pharmacy-delivered sleep health services. With the appropriate implementation strategies, community pharmacists could utilise their availability and accessibility to improve the future of primary care sleep health management.

Implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system: Impact on the routine of Primary Health Care professionals

Abstract: Objective: to understand how the implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system has been processed and its impact on the daily life of the health teams. Method: a qualitative research study, conducted in a municipality in the inland of the state of Sao Paulo with professionals who work in Primary Health Care and use the e-SUS Primary Care system as a work tool. Semi-structured interviews and thematic data analysis were used with Kotter’s three-phase approach. Results: a total of 17 professionals, nurses, physicians, dentists and community agents were interviewed. The implementation of e-SUS Primary Care and its impact on the daily life of health teams were understood in terms of mandatory implementation; weaknesses for implementation, such as absence of material resources and implicit imposition for the use of the system; fragile training for deployment and learning from experience. Conclusion: a harmful incentive process was observed, conducted from the perspective of institutional pressure, use of the system to justify the work performed and, on the other hand, there was the creation of collaborative learning mechanisms between the teams.

Bridging Learning in Medicine and Citizenship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Telehealth-Based Case Study.

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 presented great challenges for not only those in the field of health care but also those undergoing medical training. The burden on health care services worldwide has limited the educational opportunities available for medical students due to social distancing requirements. Objective: In this paper, we describe a strategy that combines telehealth and medical training to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A toll-free telescreening service, Telecoronavirus, began operations in March 2020. This service was operated remotely by supervised medical students and was offered across all 417 municipalities (14.8 million inhabitants) in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Students recorded clinical and sociodemographic data by using a web-based application that was simultaneously accessed by medical volunteers for supervision purposes, as well as by state health authorities who conducted epidemiological surveillance and health management efforts. In parallel, students received up-to-date scientific information about COVID-19 via short educational videos prepared by professors. A continuously updated triage algorithm was conceived to provide consistent service. Results: The program operated for approximately 4 months, engaging 1396 medical students and 133 physicians. In total, 111,965 individuals residing in 343 municipalities used this service. Almost 70,000 individuals were advised to stay at home, and they received guidance to avoid disease transmission, potentially contributing to localized reductions in the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, the program promoted citizenship education for medical students, who were engaged in a real-life opportunity to fight the pandemic within their own communities. The objectives of the education, organization, and assistance domains of the Telecoronavirus program were successfully achieved according to the results of a web-based post-project survey that assessed physicians’ and students’ perceptions. Conclusions: In a prolonged pandemic scenario, a combination of remote tools and medical supervision via telehealth services may constitute a useful strategy for maintaining social distancing measures while preserving some practical aspects of medical education. A low-cost tool such as the Telecoronavirus program could be especially valuable in resource-limited health care scenarios, in addition to offering support for epidemiological surveillance actions.

Workforce Mobilization From the National Institutes of Health for the Ministry of Health Malaysia: A COVID-19 Pandemic Response.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019 has inflicted numerous clinical and public health challenges worldwide. It was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization and activated response teams at almost all Malaysian healthcare facilities. Upon activation of the National Crisis Preparedness and Response Center in January 2020, the National Institutes of Health Malaysia established a COVID-19 operation room at the facility level to address the rise in COVID-19 infection cases each day. The National Institutes of Health COVID-19 operation room committee formed a workforce mobilization team for an effective and efficient mobilization system to fulfill requests received for human resource aid within the Ministry of Health Malaysia facilities. Selected personnel would be screened for health and availability before mobilization letters and logistics arrangements if necessary. The workforce from the National Institutes of Health, consisting of various job positions, were mobilized every week, with each deployment cycle lasting 2 weeks. A total of 128 personnel from the six institutes under the National Institutes of Health were mobilized: tasks included fever screening, active case detection, health management at quarantine centers, and management of dead bodies. A well-organized data management system with a centralized online system integration could allow more rapid deployment and answer some of the key questions in managing a similar pandemic in the future. With improving infected COVID-19 cases throughout the country, the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 operation room was effectively closed on June 15, 2020, following approval from the Deputy Director-General of Health.

Study of E-business applications based on big data analysis in modern hospital health management

Abstract: In the era of big data, aiming at the problem of health data acquisition and processing in modern hospital information management, this paper analyzes and realizes the auxiliary role of big data and e-business in modern hospital health management. Based on machine learning, this paper analyzes hospital health service systems and proposes a detailed management plan that changes the systems from fragmented hospital health management to comprehensive and omnidirectional hospital health management systems and from disordered market competition to comprehensive regionalization to help provide technical support for strengthening hospital health data management.

Effects of knowledge management on the management of health and social care: a systematic literature review

Abstract: The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it suggests that knowledge management (KM), as an academic discipline and managerial practice, provides valuable perspectives and tools to help health and social care management cope with both existing and future challenges. Second, it reviews the existing evidence on the effects of KM on the management of health and social care. Based on the results of the review, an evaluation framework for the effects of KM is proposed.,The literature review was conducted using the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to search the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The search terms included “knowledge management”, “healthcare” and “effect.” Academic articles published between 2010 and 2020 were included.,The study identifies six main categories among the effects of KM on the management of health and social care as follows: enhanced understanding of customer needs, improved organizational performance, better targeted decision-making, improved quality of service, behavioral or cultural change and improved risk management.,This study contributes by summarizing the literature on the effects of KM on the management of health and social care and proposing avenues for future research in this area.

Strategies for the improvement of home medical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract: Home care services (HCS) are important to assist patients with difficulties in accessing conventional health services. Nevertheless, in times of COVID-19 pandemic, the traditionally offered service needs to be restructured to protect health professionals, patients and their families. In this context, this article aims to identify the impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on home medical waste management (MWM), converting threats into opportunities, and weaknesses into management strengths. Three months before the pandemic (from October to December), a comprehensive survey was conducted on the practices of home care services and MWM with health professionals, caregivers and patients in Caruaru (Brazil). Quali-quantitative information was collected by structured and semi-structured interviews. For evaluation, the SWOT-TOWS analysis was applied to identify the threats and weaknesses of the practices of HCS and MWM, and to propose strategies to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. The results showed that the main weaknesses found were the lack of training of health professionals and the lack of guidance given by them to caregivers of patients, both related to MWM. Except for sharp waste, all other MWM practices have proved to be inadequate, posing threats, especially in a pandemic period. Four action strategies to improve HCS and MWM were identified: (i) providing MWM training to HCS personnel based on ISO standards; (ii) providing MWM information to caregivers and patients; (iii) planning actions to optimize the service during the pandemic; and (iv) sharing HCS management with municipal decision makers. Between December 2020 and January 2021, semi-structured interviews were performed only with health professionals, to verify the impacts and changes that have occurred in HCS in the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparing the results of the two surveys, improvements were achieved, including the incorporation during the pandemic of some strategies identified in the first phase of the research. Implication StatementHome care service plays a fundamental role in the quality of life of patients and in the sustainability of the public health system in Brazil. In the pandemic period, HCS was impacted with routine changes and the adoption of new personal protective equipment. Our results showed the need to promote strategies to improve HCS to preserve the health of professionals and patients attended, in the pandemic and post-pandemic period. The strategies identified in the study contributed to improvements in the provision of the service and in the management of medical waste that is still inadequate. Such issues are of interest to municipal health management, which has adopted some of the suggested strategies. The thousands of HCS distributed in Brazilian municipalities can also adopt the strategic actions resulting from this research.

A text mining study of topics and trends in health care management journals: 1998-2018.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Advances in natural language processing and text mining provide a powerful approach to understanding trending themes in the health care management literature. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to introduce machine learning, particularly text mining and natural language processing, as a viable approach to summarizing a subset of health care management research. The secondary aim of the study was to display the major foci of health care management research and to summarize the literature's evolution trends over a 20-year period. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Article abstracts (N = 2,813), from six health care management journals published from 1998 through 2018 were evaluated through latent semantic analysis, topic analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. RESULTS Using latent semantic analysis and topic analysis on 2,813 abstracts revealed eight distinct topics. Of the eight, three leadership and transformation, workforce well-being, and delivery of care issues were up-trending, whereas organizational performance, patient-centeredness, technology and innovation, and managerial issues and gender concerns exhibited downward trending. Finance exhibited peaks and troughs throughout the study period. Four journals, Frontiers of Health Services Management, Journal of Healthcare Management, Health Care Management Review, and Advances in Health Care Management, exhibited strong associations with finance, organizational performance, technology and innovation, managerial issues and gender concerns, and workforce well-being. The Journal of Health Management and the Journal of Health Organization and Management were more distant from the other journals and topics, except for delivery of care, and leadership and transformation. CONCLUSION There was a close association of journals and research topics, and research topics evolved with changes in the health care environment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS As scholars develop research agendas, focus should be on topics important to health care management practitioners for better informed decision-making.

Establishing evidence-based decision-making mechanism in a health eco-system and its linkages with health service coverage in 25 high-priority districts of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Achievement of successful health outcomes depends on evidence-based programming and implementation of effective health interventions. Routine Health Management Information System is one of the most valuable data sets to support evidence-based programming, however, evidence on systemic use of routine monitoring data for problem-solving and improving health outcomes remain negligible. We attempt to understand the effects of systematic evidence-based review mechanism on improving health outcomes in Uttar Pradesh, India. METHODS Data comes from decision-tracking system and routine health management information system for period Nov-2017 to Mar-2019 covering 6963 health facilities across 25 high-priority districts of the state. Decision-tracking data captured pattern of decisions taken, actions planned and completed, while the latter one provided information on service coverage outcomes over time. Three service coverage indicators, namely, pregnant women receiving 4 or more times ANC and haemoglobin testing during pregnancy, delivered at the health facility, and receive post-partum care within 48 h of delivery were used as outcomes. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS Total 412 decisions were taken during the study reference period and a majority were related to ante-natal care services (31%) followed by delivery (16%) and post-natal services (16%). About 21% decisions-taken were focused on improving data quality. By 1 year, 67% of actions planned based on these decisions were completed, 26% were in progress, and the remaining 7% were not completed. We found that, over a year, districts witnessing > 20 percentage-point increase in outcomes were also the districts with significantly higher action completion rates (> 80%) compared to the districts with < 10 percentage-point increase in outcomes having completion of action plans around 50-70%. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed a significantly higher improvement in coverage outcomes among the districts which used routine health management data to conduct monthly review meetings and had high actions completion rates. A data-based review-mechanisms could specifically identify programmatic gaps in service delivery leading to strategic decision making by district authorities to bridge the programmatic gaps. Going forward, establishing systematic evidence-based review platforms can be an important strategy to improve health outcomes and promote the use of routine health monitoring system data in any setting.