Showing papers on "Imaging technology published in 2016"

The Potential of Radiomic-Based Phenotyping in Precision Medicine: A Review

Abstract: Importance Advances in genomics have led to the recognition that tumors are populated by distinct genotypic subgroups that drive tumor development and progression. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of solid tumors has been a critical barrier to the development of precision medicine approaches because the standard approach to tumor sampling, often invasive needle biopsy, is unable to fully capture the spatial state of the tumor. Image-based phenotyping, which represents quantification of the tumor phenotype through medical imaging, is a promising development for precision medicine. Observations Medical imaging can provide a comprehensive macroscopic picture of the tumor phenotype and its environment that is ideally suited to quantifying the development of the tumor phenotype before, during, and after treatment. As a noninvasive technique, medical imaging can be performed at low risk and inconvenience to the patient. The semantic features approach to tumor phenotyping, accomplished by visual assessment of radiologists, is compared with a computational radiomics approach that relies on automated processing of imaging assays. Together, these approaches capture important information for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. Conclusions and Relevance Although imaging technology is already embedded in clinical practice for diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and response assessment, the transition of these computational methods to the clinic has been surprisingly slow. This review outlines the promise of these novel technologies for precision medicine and the obstacles to clinical application.

Principles of Light Field Imaging: Briefly revisiting 25 years of research

Abstract: Light field imaging offers powerful new capabilities through sophisticated digital processing techniques that are tightly merged with unconventional optical designs. This combination of imaging technology and computation necessitates a fundamentally different view of the optical properties of imaging systems and poses new challenges for the traditional signal and image processing domains. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the considerations involved and the difficulties encountered in working with light field data.

Clinical Application of Multicolor Imaging Technology

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the clinical application of multicolor imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). Methods: Retinal imaging was performed in 76 patients including cSLO multicolor imaging (SPECTRALIS SD-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and color fundus photography (CFP). Results: The use of confocal optics, reduced light scatter and automated eye tracking enable high-resolution cSLO reflectance images. Compared to CFP, the appearance of pigment alterations and hemorrhages were some of the differences observed. Various artifacts including those derived from optical media alterations need to be considered when interpreting images. Specific pathological findings including epiretinal membranes, fibrovascular proliferations, and reticular pseudodrusen may be better visualized on multicolor images. Conclusions: When using multicolor imaging, ophthalmologists need to be mindful about differences in the appearance of pathological changes and artifacts. Multicolor imaging may offer information over and above conventional CFP; it can be performed through undilated pupils and is less affected by media opacities.

Inflammatory bowel disease imaging: Current practice and future directions.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of imaging in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including detection of extraluminal complications and extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, assessment of disease activity and treatment response, and discrimination of inflammatory from fibrotic strictures. IBD is a chronic idiopathic disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract that is comprised of two separate, but related intestinal disorders; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The paper discusses, in detail the pros and cons of the different IBD imaging modalities that need to be considered in order to optimize the imaging and clinical evaluation of patients with IBD. Historically, IBD evaluation of the bowel has included imaging to assess the portions of the small bowel that are inaccessible to optical endoscopic visualization. This traditionally was performed using barium fluoroscopic techniques; however, cross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are being increasingly utilized for IBD evaluation because they can simultaneously assess mural and extramural IBD manifestations. Recent advances in imaging technology, that continue to improve the ability of imaging to noninvasively follow disease activity and treatment response, are also discussed. This review article summarizes the current imaging approach in inflammatory bowel disease as well as the role of emerging imaging modalities.

Rapid brain MRI acquisition techniques at ultra‐high fields

Abstract: Ultra-high-field MRI provides large increases in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as enhancement of several contrast mechanisms in both structural and functional imaging. Combined, these gains result in a substantial boost in contrast-to-noise ratio that can be exploited for higher-spatial-resolution imaging to extract finer-scale information about the brain. With increased spatial resolution, however, there is a concurrent increased image-encoding burden that can cause unacceptably long scan times for structural imaging and slow temporal sampling of the hemodynamic response in functional MRI - particularly when whole-brain imaging is desired. To address this issue, new directions of imaging technology development - such as the move from conventional 2D slice-by-slice imaging to more efficient simultaneous multislice (SMS) or multiband imaging (which can be viewed as "pseudo-3D" encoding) as well as full 3D imaging - have provided dramatic improvements in acquisition speed. Such imaging paradigms provide higher SNR efficiency as well as improved encoding efficiency. Moreover, SMS and 3D imaging can make better use of coil sensitivity information in multichannel receiver arrays used for parallel imaging acquisitions through controlled aliasing in multiple spatial directions. This has enabled unprecedented acceleration factors of an order of magnitude or higher in these imaging acquisition schemes, with low image artifact levels and high SNR. Here we review the latest developments of SMS and 3D imaging methods and related technologies at ultra-high field for rapid high-resolution functional and structural imaging of the brain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Multimodality imaging in nanomedicine and nanotheranostics.

Abstract: Accurate diagnosis of tumors needs much detailed information. However, available single imaging modality cannot providecomplete or comprehensive data. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine, and multimodality imagingbased on nanoparticles has been receiving extensive attention. This new hybrid imaging technology could provide complementaryinformation from different imaging modalities using only a single injection of contrast agent. In this review, we introduce recentdevelopments in multifunctional nanoparticles and their biomedical applications to multimodal imaging and theragnosis asnanomedicine. Most of the reviewed studies are based on the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles and their application in clinicalimaging technology. The imaging techniques include positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computedtomography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and ultrasound imaging.

Imaging Techniques for Clinical Burn Assessment with a Focus on Multispectral Imaging.

Abstract: Significance: Burn assessments, including extent and severity, are some of the most critical diagnoses in burn care, and many recently developed imaging techniques may have the potential to improve the accuracy of these evaluations. Recent Advances: Optical devices, telemedicine, and high-frequency ultrasound are among the highlights in recent burn imaging advancements. We present another promising technology, multispectral imaging (MSI), which also has the potential to impact current medical practice in burn care, among a variety of other specialties. Critical Issues: At this time, it is still a matter of debate as to why there is no consensus on the use of technology to assist burn assessments in the United States. Fortunately, the availability of techniques does not appear to be a limitation. However, the selection of appropriate imaging technology to augment the provision of burn care can be difficult for clinicians to navigate. There are many technologies available, but a comprehensive review summarizing the tissue characteristics measured by each technology in light of aiding clinicians in selecting the proper device is missing. This would be especially valuable for the nonburn specialists who encounter burn injuries. Future Directions: The questions of when burn assessment devices are useful to the burn team, how the various imaging devices work, and where the various burn imaging technologies fit into the spectrum of burn care will continue to be addressed. Technologies that can image a large surface area quickly, such as thermography or laser speckle imaging, may be suitable for initial burn assessment and triage. In the setting of presurgical planning, ultrasound or optical microscopy techniques, including optical coherence tomography, may prove useful. MSI, which actually has origins in burn care, may ultimately meet a high number of requirements for burn assessment in routine clinical use.

Improving Staging in Bladder Cancer : The Increasing Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract: Context In bladder cancer (BCa) patients, accurate local and regional tumor staging is required when planning treatment. Clinical understaging frequently occurs and leads to undertreatment of the disease, with a negative impact on survival. An improvement in staging accuracy could be attained by advances in imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the best imaging technique for locoregional staging for several malignancies because of its superior soft tissue contrast resolution with the advantage of avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation. Important improvements in MRI technology have led to the introduction of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), which combines anatomic and functional evaluation. Objective To review the fundamentals of mpMRI in BCa and to provide a contemporary overview of the available data on the role of this emerging imaging technology. Evidence acquisition A nonsystematic literature search using the Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to March 2016. Additional articles were retrieved by cross-matching references of selected articles. Only articles reporting complete data with regard to image acquisition protocols, locoregional staging, monitoring response to therapy, and detection of locoregional recurrence after primary treatment in BCa patients were selected. Evidence synthesis Standardization of acquisition and reporting protocols for bladder mpMRI is paramount. Combining anatomic and functional sequences improves the accuracy of local tumor staging compared with conventional imaging alone. Diffusion-weighted imaging may distinguish BCa type and grade. Functional sequences are capable of monitoring response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Diffusion-weighted imaging enhanced by lymphotropic nanoparticles showed high accuracy in pelvic lymph node staging compared with conventional cross-sectional imaging. Conclusions In BCa patients, mpMRI appears a promising tool for accurate locoregional staging, predicting tumor aggressiveness and monitoring response to therapy. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings. Patient summary Better imaging through improved technology will improve outcomes in bladder cancer patients. We reviewed the emerging use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for staging and monitoring bladder cancer. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging appears more accurate than current methods for local and nodal staging and monitoring tumor response to treatment, but requires further investigation.

Imaging of Soft-Tissue Musculoskeletal Masses: Fundamental Concepts.

Abstract: Radiologic evaluation of musculoskeletal soft-tissue masses has changed dramatically with the continued improvements in imaging technology. The integration of advanced imaging has provided the radiologist with a wide range of assessment tools, but as with all powerful arsenals, selection and application of the appropriate imaging method can be problematic. Although the choices available for imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal masses have changed dramatically, the basic objectives of this assessment have remained constant: diagnosis and staging. The basic principles for evaluating musculoskeletal soft-tissue masses and achieving these objectives have not changed. This article addresses application of the current imaging methods to assessment of soft-tissue musculoskeletal masses, emphasizing fundamental concepts. We do not intend to provide a comprehensive review of imaging techniques, but rather to provide a useful review of the concepts needed to select the appropriate initial imaging method, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging field of view, MR imaging sequences, contrast material requirements, and rapid image acquisition techniques. We also address use of the new quantitative techniques of chemical shift and diffusion-weighted imaging. Finally, we review the current uses of computed tomography and ultrasonography. Although the choices available for imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal masses have changed dramatically within the past decade, appropriate application of the fundamental concepts of imaging will maximize the diagnostic utility of imaging examinations. ©RSNA, 2016.

Breast volumetric analysis for aesthetic planning in breast reconstruction: a literature review of techniques.

Abstract: Background: Accurate volumetric analysis is an essential component of preoperative planning in both reconstructive and aesthetic breast procedures towards achieving symmetrization and patient-satisfactory outcome. Numerous comparative studies and reviews of individual techniques have been reported. However, a unifying review of all techniques comparing their accuracy, reliability, and practicality has been lacking. Methods: A review of the published English literature dating from 1950 to 2015 using databases, such as PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE, was undertaken. Results: Since Bouman’s first description of water displacement method, a range of volumetric assessment techniques have been described: thermoplastic casting, direct anthropomorphic measurement, twodimensional (2D) imaging, and computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. However, most have been unreliable, difficult to execute and demonstrate limited practicability. Introduction of 3D surface imaging has revolutionized the field due to its ease of use, fast speed, accuracy, and reliability. However, its widespread use has been limited by its high cost and lack of high level of evidence. Recent developments have unveiled the first web-based 3D surface imaging program, 4D imaging, and 3D printing. Conclusions: Despite its importance, an accurate, reliable, and simple breast volumetric analysis tool has been elusive until the introduction of 3D surface imaging technology. However, its high cost has limited its wide usage. Novel adjunct technologies, such as web-based 3D surface imaging program, 4D imaging, and 3D printing, appear promising.

Clinical application of PET/MRI in oncology

Abstract: Hybrid imaging with integrated positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines the advantages of the high-resolution anatomic data from MRI and functional imaging data from PET, and has the potential to improve the diagnostic evaluation of various types of cancers. The clinical oncologic applications of this newest hybrid imaging technology are evolving and substantial efforts are underway to define the role of PET/MRI in routine clinical use. The current published literature suggests that PET/MRI may play an important role in the evaluation of patients with certain types of malignancies, involving anatomic locations such as the pelvis and the liver. The purpose of this article is to review the current published PET/MRI literature in specific body oncologic applications. In addition, PET/MRI protocols and some of the technical issues of this hybrid imaging will be briefly discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:265-276.

Ultra-high definition (8K UHD) endoscope: our first clinical success

Abstract: We have started clinical application of 8K ultra-high definition (UHD; 7680 × 4320 pixels) imaging technology, which is a 16-fold higher resolution than the current 2K high-definition (HD; 1920 × 1080 pixels) technology, to an endoscope for advanced laparoscopic surgery. Based on preliminary testing experience and with subsequent technical and system improvements, we then proceeded to perform two cases of cholecystectomy and were able to achieve clinical success with an 8K UHD endoscopic system, which consisted of an 8K camera, a 30-degrees angled rigid endoscope with a lens adapter, a pair of 300-W xenon light sources, an 85-inch 8K LCD and an 8K video recorder. These experimental and clinical studies revealed the engineering and clinical feasibility of the 8K UHD endoscope, enabling us to have a positive outlook on its prospective use in clinical practice. The 8K UHD endoscopy promises to open up new possibilities for intricate procedures including anastomoses of thin nerves and blood vessels as well as more confident surgical resections of a diversity of cancer tissues. 8K endoscopic imaging, compared to imaging by the current 2K imaging technology, is very likely to lead to major changes in the future of medical practice.

High-grade glioma management and response assessment-recent advances and current challenges.

Abstract: The management of high-grade gliomas (hggs) is complex and ever-evolving. The standard of care for the treatment of hggs consists of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, treatment options are influenced by multiple factors such as patient age and performance status, extent of tumour resection, biomarker profile, and tumour histology and grade. Follow-up cranial magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to differentiate treatment response from treatment effect can be challenging and affects clinical decision-making. An assortment of advanced radiologic techniques-including perfusion imaging with dynamic susceptibility contrast mri, dynamic contrast-enhanced mri, diffusion-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy, mri subtraction imaging, and amino acid radiotracer imaging-can now incorporate novel physiologic data, providing new methods to help characterize tumour progression, pseudoprogression, and pseudoresponse. In the present review, we provide an overview of current treatment options for hgg and summarize recent advances and challenges in imaging technology.

Current state of imaging in dermatology.

Abstract: Medical imaging has dramatically transformed the practice of medicine, especially the field of dermatology. Imaging is used to facilitate the transfer of information between providers, document cutaneous disease, assess response to therapy, and plays a crucial role in monitoring and diagnosing skin cancer. Advancements in imaging technology and overall improved quality of imaging have augmented the utility of photography. We provide an overview of current imaging technologies used in dermatology with a focus on their role in skin cancer diagnosis. Future technologies include three-dimensional, total-body photography, mobile smartphone applications, and computerassisted diagnostic devices. With these advancements, we are better equipped to capture and monitor skin conditions longitudinally and achieve improved diagnostic accuracy of skin cancer.

The new kid on the block for advanced imaging in Barrett’s esophagus: a review of volumetric laser endomicroscopy

Abstract: Advanced imaging techniques used in the management of Barrett's esophagus include electronic imaging enhancement (e.g. narrow band imaging, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and i-Scan), chromoendoscopy, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Electronic imaging enhancement is used frequently in daily practice, but use of the other advanced technologies is not routine. High-definition white light endoscopy and random four quadrant biopsy remain the standard of care for evaluation of Barrett's esophagus; this is largely due to the value of advanced imaging technologies not having been validated in large studies or in everyday practice. A new advanced imaging technology called volumetric laser endomicroscopy is commercially available in the United States. Its ease of use and rapid acquisition of high-resolution images make this technology very promising for widespread application. In this article we review the technology and its potential for advanced imaging in Barrett's esophagus.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics.

Abstract: The advent of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has caused a significant change in the diagnostic approach practiced in dentistry, and in particular, orthodontics. Although conventional imaging methods such as orthopantomography and lateral cephalometric and anteroposterior graphs provide sufficient information in mild to moderate orthodontic anomalies, 3D imaging can be a necessity in severe skeletal anomalies or tooth impactions. Computed tomography (CT) has been frequently used when detailed 3D imaging is necessary despite its relatively high cost, low vertical resolution, and high dose of radiation. In contrast to conventional CT application, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology has had important advantages over the conventional method, such as minimization of the radiation dose, image accuracy, rapid scan time, fewer image artifacts, chair-side image display, and real-time analysis. These advantages have provided dental practitioners the opportunity to benefit more frequently from 3D imaging by relatively diminishing radiation dose considerations, financial burden, and availability, in particular. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of CBCT practice in orthodontics and to summarize clinically relevant conditions.

Choosing Between MRI and CT Imaging in the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease.

Abstract: Improvements in the outcomes of surgical and catheter-based interventions and medical therapy have led to a growing population of adult patients with congenital heart disease. Adult patients with previously undiagnosed congenital heart disease or those previously palliated or repaired may have challenging echocardiographic examinations. Understanding the distinct anatomic and hemodynamic features of the congenital anomaly and quantifying ventricular function and valvular dysfunction plays an important role in the management of these patients. Rapid advances in imaging technology with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) allow for improved visualization of complex cardiac anatomy in the evaluation of this unique patient population. Although echocardiography remains the most widely used imaging tool to evaluate congenital heart disease, alternative and, at times, complimentary imaging modalities should be considered. When caring for adults with congenital heart disease, it is important to choose the proper imaging study that can answer the clinical question with the highest quality images, lowest risk to the patient, and in a cost-efficient manner.

Education of hand rubbing technique to prospective medical staff, employing UV-based digital imaging technology

Abstract: The aim of this study was to objectively assess the hand hygiene performance of medical students. Hand rubbing technique was evaluated by employing innovative UV-light-based imaging technology, identifying patterns and trends in missed areas after applying WHO’s six-step protocol. This specially designed hand hygiene education and assessment program targeted 1,344 medical students at two distant sites in Central Europe. Students were introduced to a short video, presenting the basics of hand hygiene, and then received further demonstration from professional trainers, focusing on the correct execution of WHO’s six-step technique. To verify the acquired skill, participants rubbed their hands with UV-marked alcohol-based solution. Digital images of the hands were recorded under UV light, followed by computer evaluation and assessment. Immediate objective visual feedback was given to the participants showing missed areas on their hands. The statistical analysis of missed spots was based on retrospective exper...

Enhancing the Detectability of Objects in Medical Images

Abstract: A system and method is provided for enhancing the detectability of objects in medical images. The method includes providing medical imaging data acquired using a medical imaging system, integrating dynamic noise with the imaging data to generate a modified set of images that achieves improved detection accuracy, and displaying the modified images.

Selective and complementary use of Optical Coherence Tomography and Fluorescein Angiography in retinal practice

Abstract: The current field of posterior pole and retinal imaging of the human eye has expanded into detailed analyses of the macula, retinal periphery, individual retinal layers, vitreoretinal interface, imaging of the choroid and the optic nerve head. The challenge in retinal imaging is the enduring pursuit of deeper penetration into tissues, increased resolution to the cellular level, and interpretation of observations. How much deeper can we go and with what resolution and reproducibility? These are fundamental questions for experts in search of novel imaging modalities. New discoveries may resolve existing controversies, but inevitably stimulate new questions. Emerging technologies in retinal imaging include adaptive optics retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography-based retinal angiography. In this review, the focus of our discussion will be the discrepancy between the findings (interpretation) of one imaging technology that do not agree or are not even found with a complementary technology. If a clearly seen abnormality is present with one technology but absent in another, what are the possible explanations? Following is a summary of key concepts of retinal and optic nerve imaging modalities and current controversies regarding their interpretation and/or limitations.

Supercomputer technologies in tomographic imaging applications

Abstract: Currently, tomographic imaging is widely used in medical and industrial non-destructive testing applications. X-ray tomography is the prevalent imaging technology. Modern medical X-ray CT scanners provide up to 1 mm spatial resolution. The disadvantage of X-ray tomography is that it cannot be used for regular medical examinations. Early breast cancer diagnosis is one of the most pressing issues in modern healthcare. Ultrasound tomography devices are being developed in USA, Germany and Russia to address this problem. One of the main challenges in ultrasound tomographic imaging is the development of efficient algorithms for solving inverse problems of wave tomography, which are nonlinear three-dimensional coefficient inverse problems for a hyperbolic differential equation. Solving such computationally-expensive problems requires the use of supercomputers.

Nuclear Molecular and Theranostic Imaging for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Abstract: Traditional nuclear medicine is rapidly being transformed by the evolving concepts in molecular imaging and theranostics. The utility of new approaches in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) diagnostics and therapy has not been fully appreciated. The clinical information, relevant to disease management and patient care, obtained by scintigraphy is still being underestimated. There has been a trend towards moving away from the use of radioactive iodine (RAI) imaging in the management of the disease. This paradigm shift is supported by the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines (1). A more systematic and comprehensive understanding of disease pathophysiology and imaging methodologies is needed for optimal utilization of different imaging modalities in the management of DTC. There have been significant developments in radiotracer and imaging technology, clinically proven to contribute to the understanding of tumor biology and the clinical assessment of patients with DTC. The research and development in the field continues to evolve, with expected emergence of many novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. The role for nuclear imaging applications will continue to evolve and be reconfigured in the changing paradigm. This article aims to review the clinical uses and controversies surrounding the use of scintigraphy, and the information it can provide in assisting in the management and treatment of DTC.

Development and bench testing of a multi-spectral imaging technology built on a smartphone platform

Abstract: Cervical cancer screening presents a great challenge for clinicians across the developing world. In many countries, cervical cancer screening is done by visualization with the naked eye. Simple brightfield white light imaging with photo documentation has been shown to make a significant impact on cervical cancer care. Adoption of smartphone based cervical imaging devices is increasing across Africa. However, advanced imaging technologies such as multispectral imaging systems, are seldom deployed in low resource settings, where they are needed most. To address this challenge, the optical system of a smartphone-based mobile colposcopy imaging system was refined, integrating components required for low cost, portable multi-spectral imaging of the cervix. This paper describes the refinement of the mobile colposcope to enable it to acquire images of the cervix at multiple illumination wavelengths, including modeling and laboratory testing. Wavelengths were selected to enable quantifying the main absorbers in tissue (oxyand deoxy-hemoglobin, and water), as well as scattering parameters that describe the size distribution of scatterers. The necessary hardware and software modifications are reviewed. Initial testing suggests the multi-spectral mobile device holds promise for use in low-resource settings.

Adaptive sparse reconstruction with joint parametric estimation for high-speed uniformly moving targets in coincidence imaging radar

Abstract: As a complementary imaging technology, coincidence imaging radar (CIR) achieves high resolution for stationary or low-speed targets under the assumption of ignoring the influence of the original position mismatching. As to high-speed moving targets moving from the original imaging cell to other imaging cells during imaging, it is inaccurate to reconstruct the target using the previous imaging plane. We focus on the recovery problem for high-speed moving targets in the CIR system based on the intrapulse frequency random modulation signal in a single pulse. The effects induced by the motion on the imaging performance are analyzed. Because the basis matrix in the CIR imaging equation is determined by the unknown velocity parameter of the moving target, both the target images and basis matrix should be estimated jointly. We propose an adaptive joint parametric estimation recovery algorithm based on the Tikhonov regularization method to update the target velocity and basis matrix adaptively and recover the target images synchronously. Finally, the target velocity and target images are obtained in an iterative manner. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Automated Micro-Object Detection for Mobile Diagnostics Using Lens-Free Imaging Technology.

Abstract: Lens-free imaging technology has been extensively used recently for microparticle and biological cell analysis because of its high throughput, low cost, and simple and compact arrangement. However, this technology still lacks a dedicated and automated detection system. In this paper, we describe a custom-developed automated micro-object detection method for a lens-free imaging system. In our previous work (Roy et al.), we developed a lens-free imaging system using low-cost components. This system was used to generate and capture the diffraction patterns of micro-objects and a global threshold was used to locate the diffraction patterns. In this work we used the same setup to develop an improved automated detection and analysis algorithm based on adaptive threshold and clustering of signals. For this purpose images from the lens-free system were then used to understand the features and characteristics of the diffraction patterns of several types of samples. On the basis of this information, we custom-developed an automated algorithm for the lens-free imaging system. Next, all the lens-free images were processed using this custom-developed automated algorithm. The performance of this approach was evaluated by comparing the counting results with standard optical microscope results. We evaluated the counting results for polystyrene microbeads, red blood cells, and HepG2, HeLa, and MCF7 cells. The comparison shows good agreement between the systems, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91 and linearity slope of 0.877. We also evaluated the automated size profiles of the microparticle samples. This Wi-Fi-enabled lens-free imaging system, along with the dedicated software, possesses great potential for telemedicine applications in resource-limited settings.

Imaging system adopting area array image sensor to carry out splicing imaging and imaging method thereof

Abstract: An imaging system adopting an area array image sensor to carry out splicing imaging and an imaging method thereof relate to the photoelectronic imaging technology field. An existing image sensor splicing imaging system is complex and consistency is poor; because an image sensor packaging size is greater than twice the size of an imaging area, focal plane splicing is difficult; and image distortion and deformation are generated by using an imaging method so that image quality is not stable and there are other problems. By using the image system and the method in the invention, the above problems are solved. In the invention, multi-row image sensors carry out transverse dislocation splicing, images carry out continuous displacement along a vertical direction, the image sensors carry out snapshot imaging according to a certain frequency and then each channel data matches and synthesizes into one image through a pixel. By using the method in the invention, super large field of view imaging can be realized. The system and the method are suitable for image sensor splicing, wherein a packaging size of the image sensor is greater than a double photosurface size. A relative movement speed of an object and a lens in an area array splicing imaging system does not need to be constant in a certain scope. The system and the method can be applied to an aviation and aerospace camera, automatic detection equipment and the like.

The Use of Enteric Contrast Media for Diagnostic CT, MRI, and Ultrasound in Infants and Children: A Practical Approach.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE. Enteric contrast media are commonly administered for diagnostic cross-sectional imaging studies in the pediatric population. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the use of enteric contrast media for CT, MRI, and ultrasound in infants, children, and adolescents and to share our experiences at a large tertiary care pediatric teaching hospital. CONCLUSION. The use of enteric contrast material for diagnostic imaging in infants and children continues to evolve with advances in imaging technology and available enteric contrast media. Many principles of enteric contrast use in pediatric imaging are similar to those in adult imaging, but important differences must be kept in mind when imaging the gastrointestinal tract in infants and children, and practical ways to optimize the imaging examination and the patient experience should be employed where possible.

The Changing Paradigm in the Treatment of Structural Heart Disease and the Need for the Interventional Imaging Specialist.

Abstract: Percutaneous interventions in structural heart diseases are emerging rapidly. The variety of novel percutaneous treatment approaches and the increasing complexity of interventional procedures are associated with new challenges and demands on the imaging specialist. Standard catheterisation laboratory imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy and contrast ventriculography provide inadequate visualisation of the soft tissue or three-dimensional delineation of the heart. Consequently, additional advanced imaging technology is needed to diagnose and precisely identify structural heart diseases, to properly select patients for specific interventions and to support fluoroscopy in guiding procedures. As imaging expertise constitutes a key factor in the decision-making process and in the management of patients with structural heart disease, the sub-speciality of interventional imaging will likely develop out of an increased need for high-quality imaging.

Advances in myocardial CT perfusion imaging technology.

Abstract: With the booming development of CT technology, CT-based myocardial perfusion imaging (CTP) has begun to mature and has exhibited great advantages and application prospects as a complete evaluation method of anatomy and function for CAD. This article summarizes the CTP technology progress and analytical methods of CTP in recent years, briefly reviews the clinical relevance, and subsequently discusses the limitation and future development.