Showing papers on "Ionic bonding published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , an ionic liquid (IL)-type reducing agent containing Cl- and a dihydroxyl group was employed to control the reduction process of silver (Ag) in AgNW-based flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs).
Abstract: Solution processable flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) are urgently needed to boost the efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) on a large scale. However, how to balance the optoelectronic properties and meanwhile achieve robust mechanical behavior of FTEs is still a huge challenge. Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes, exhibiting easily tuned optoelectronic/mechanical properties, are attracting considerable attention, but their poor contacts at the junction site of the AgNWs increase the sheet resistance and reduce mechanical stability. In this study, an ionic liquid (IL)-type reducing agent containing Cl- and a dihydroxyl group was employed to control the reduction process of silver (Ag) in AgNW-based FTEs precisely. The Cl- in the IL regulates the Ag+ concentration through the formation and dissolution of AgCl, whereas the dihydroxyl group slowly reduces the released Ag+ to form metal Ag. The reduced Ag grew in situ at the junction site of the AgNWs in a twin-crystal growth mode, facilitating an atomic-level contact between the AgNWs and the reduced Ag. This enforced atomic-level contact decreased the sheet resistance, and enhanced the mechanical stability of the FTEs. As a result, the single-junction flexible OSCs based on this chemically welded FTE achieved record power conversion efficiencies of 17.52% (active area: 0.062 cm2) and 15.82% (active area: 1.0 cm2). These flexible devices also displayed robust bending and peeling durability even under extreme test conditions.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article , features of electron transport in proton-conducting electrolytes and possible ways of eliminating electron transport to increase performance and efficiency of the related protonic ceramic electrochemical cells are discussed.
Abstract: The current review highlights features of electron transport in proton-conducting electrolytes and possible ways of its eliminating to increase performance and efficiency of the related protonic ceramic electrochemical cells.
69 citations
TL;DR: The use of 1, 1,1, 1.3,3, 3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a semi-interpenetrating network ICH is fabricated via a facile one-step approach by introducing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) into the PBA-IL/acrylamide cross-linked network.
Abstract: Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) integrate the conductive performance and soft nature of tissue‐like materials to imitate the features of human skin with mechanical and sensory traits; thus, they are considered promising substitutes for conventional rigid metallic conductors when fabricating human‐motion sensors. However, the simultaneous incorporation of excellent stretchability, toughness, ionic conductivity, self‐healing, and adhesion via a simple method remains a grand challenge. Herein, a novel ICH platform is proposed by designing a phenylboronic acid‐ionic liquid (PBA‐IL) with multiple roles that simultaneously realize the highly mechanical, electrical, and versatile properties. This elaborately designed semi‐interpenetrating network ICH is fabricated via a facile one‐step approach by introducing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) into the PBA‐IL/acrylamide cross‐linked network. Ingeniously, the dynamic boronic ester bonds and physical interactions (hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions) of the cross‐linked network endow these hydrogels with remarkable stretchability (1810 ± 38%), toughness (2.65 ± 0.03 MJ m−3), self‐healing property (92 ± 2% efficiency), adhesiveness, and transparency. Moreover, the construction of this material shows that CNFs can synergistically enhance mechanical performance and conductivity. The wide working strain range (≈1000%) and high sensitivity (GF = 8.36) make this ICH a promising candidate for constructing the next generation of gel‐based strain sensor platforms.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a new strategy to overcome the drawbacks of current absorbers by employing the co-contribution of functional polymer frameworks and liquids with strong EMW absorption properties is proposed.
Abstract: Demand for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers continues to increase with technological advances in wearable electronics and military applications. In this study, a new strategy to overcome the drawbacks of current absorbers by employing the co‐contribution of functional polymer frameworks and liquids with strong EMW absorption properties is proposed. Strongly polar water, dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures, and highly conductive 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([EMI][ES]) are immobilized in dielectrically inert polymer networks to form different classes of gels (hydrogels, organogels, and ionogels). These gels demonstrate a high correlation between their dielectric properties and polarity/ionic conductivity/non‐covalent interaction of immobilized liquids. Thus, the EMW absorption performances of the gels can be precisely tuned over a wide range due to the diversity and stability of the liquids. The prepared hydrogels show good shielding performance (shielding efficiency > 20 dB) due to the high dielectric constants, while organogels with moderate attenuation ability and impedance matching achieve full‐wave absorption in X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) at 2.5 ± 0.5 mm. The ionogels also offer a wide effective absorption bandwidth (10.79–16.38 GHz at 2.2 mm) via prominent ionic conduction loss. In short, this work provides a conceptually novel platform to develop high‐efficient, customizable, and low‐cost functional absorbers.
63 citations
TL;DR: A cationic pyridinium salt-based COF (PS-COF-1) with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 2703 m2 g-1 was reported in this paper .
62 citations
TL;DR: Ionic flexible sensors (IFS) as mentioned in this paper are one kind of advanced sensors that are based on the concept of ion migration, which can not only replicate the topological structures of human skin, but also are capable of achieving tactile perception functions similar to human skin.
Abstract: Over the past few decades, flexible sensors have been developed from the “electronic” level to the “iontronic” level, and gradually to the “ionic” level. Ionic flexible sensors (IFS) are one kind of advanced sensors that are based on the concept of ion migration. Compared to conventional electronic sensors, IFS can not only replicate the topological structures of human skin, but also are capable of achieving tactile perception functions similar to that of human skin, which provide effective tools and methods for narrowing the gap between conventional electronics and biological interfaces. In this review, the latest research and developments on several typical sensing mechanisms, compositions, structural design, and applications of IFS are comprehensively reviewed. Particularly, the development of novel ionic materials, structural designs, and biomimetic approaches has resulted in the development of a wide range of novel and exciting IFS, which can effectively sense pressure, strain, and humidity with high sensitivity and reliability, and exhibit self‐powered, self‐healing, biodegradability, and other properties of the human skin. Furthermore, the typical applications of IFS in artificial skin, human‐interactive technologies, wearable health monitors, and other related fields are reviewed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of IFS are presented.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article , 2D/3D perovskite films were modulated with 2PbI4 and 1Naphthalenemethylammonium iodide (NpMAI) to reduce the grain boundary defects, improve the charge carrier lifetime and hinders ionic diffusion.
Abstract: Reducing the electronic defects in perovskite films has become a substantial challenge to further boost the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, 2D (NpMA)2PbI4 perovskite and 1‐naphthalenemethylammonium iodide (NpMAI) are separately introduced into the PbI2 precursor solutions to regulate the crystal growth in a 2D/3D perovskite film using a two‐step deposition method. The (NpMA)2PbI4 modulated perovskite film shows a significantly improved film quality with enlarged grain size from ≈500 nm to over 1000 nm, which greatly reduces the grain‐boundary defects, improves the charge carrier lifetime, and hinders ionic diffusion. As a result, the best‐performing device shows a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.37% for a small‐area (0.10 cm−2) device and a superior PCE of 22.26% for a large‐area (1.01 cm−2) device. Importantly, the unencapsulated device shows a dramatically improved operational stability with maintains over 98% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h by maximum power point (MPP) tracking under continuous light irradiation.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy was employed to achieve a superhigh ion exchange capacity of 4.6 mmol g-1, using Fukui function as a descriptor of monomer reactivity.
Abstract: Ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOFMs) hold great promise in ion conduction-relevant applications because the high content and monodispersed ionic groups could afford superior ion conduction. The key to push the upper limit of ion conductivity is to maximize the ion exchange capacity (IEC). Here, we explore iCOFMs with a superhigh ion exchange capacity of 4.6 mmol g-1, using a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy. Fukui function is employed as a descriptor of monomer reactivity. We use Brønsted acid to activate aldehyde monomers in organic phase and Brønsted base to activate ionic amine monomers in water phase. After the dual-activation, the reaction between aldehyde monomer and amine monomer at the water-organic interface is significantly accelerated, leading to iCOFMs with high crystallinity. The resultant iCOFMs display a prominent proton conductivity up to 0.66 S cm-1, holding great promise in ion transport and ionic separation applications.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a stoichiometric etching strategy for the top surface of a defective cesium lead halide perovskite is developed by using ionic liquids, which is a novel technical route to improve the efficiency and environmental resilience of perovsite-based optoelectronic devices.
Abstract: The existence of a defective area composed of nanocrystals and amorphous phases on a perovskite film inevitably causes nonradiative charge recombination and structural degradation in perovskite photovoltaics. In this study, a stoichiometric etching strategy for the top surface of a defective cesium lead halide perovskite is developed by using ionic liquids. The dissolution of the original defective area substantially exposes the underlying perovskite, which is a high‐quality surface with retained stoichiometry and lattice continuity. The ionic liquid molecules are adsorbed on the perovskite surface via Coulombic interactions and passivate the undercoordinated surface lead centers. Such a structural modulation considerably reduces the trap density of the perovskite devices and enables a record power conversion efficiency of 17.51% and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.37 V of the CsPbI2Br cell with a perovskite bandgap of 1.88 eV. This work provides a novel technical route to improve the efficiency and environmental resilience of perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel guanidinium-based covalent organic framework (COF), termed TGDM, which can efficiently capture I2 under industrial operating conditions.
Abstract: The capture of radioactive I2 vapor from nuclear waste under industrial operating conditions remains a challenging task, as the practical industrial conditions of high temperature (≥150 °C) and low I2 concentration (∼150 ppmv) are unfavorable for I2 adsorption. We report a novel guanidinium-based covalent organic framework (COF), termed TGDM, which can efficiently capture I2 under industrial operating conditions. At 150 °C and 150 ppmv I2, TGDM exhibits an I2 uptake of ∼30 wt %, which is significantly higher than that of the industrial silver-based adsorbents such as Ag@MOR (17 wt %) currently used in the nuclear fuel reprocessing industry. Characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that among the multiple types of adsorption sites in TGDM, only ionic sites can bond to I2 through strong Coulomb interactions under harsh conditions. The abundant ionic groups of TGDM account for its superior I2 capture performance compared to various benchmark adsorbents. In addition, TGDM exhibits exceptionally high chemical and thermal stabilities that fully meet the requirements of practical radioactive I2 capture (high-temperature, humid, and acidic environment) and differentiate it from other ionic COFs. Furthermore, TGDM has excellent recyclability and low cost, which are unavailable for the current industrial silver-based adsorbents. These advantages make TGDM a promising candidate for capturing I2 vapor during nuclear fuel reprocessing. This strategy of incorporating chemically stable ionic guanidine moieties in COF would stimulate the development of new adsorbents for I2 capture and related applications.
TL;DR: In this paper , the general structure of surface-active ionic liquids and the key features that allow aggregation in water to give micellar structures are discussed, and characterization techniques of the formed micelles are presented, discussing aggregation and possible methods of studying micellization behavior.
TL;DR: In this paper , a room-temperature synthesis of monodisperse, isolable, spheroidal APbBr3 QDs with size tunable from 3 to > 13 nanometers was reported.
Abstract: Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are of interest as photoluminescent quantum dots (QDs) whose properties depend on the size and shape. They are normally synthesized on subsecond time scales through hard-to-control ionic metathesis reactions. We report a room-temperature synthesis of monodisperse, isolable, spheroidal APbBr3 QDs (“A” indicates cesium, formamidinium, and methylammonium) that are size tunable from 3 to >13 nanometers. The kinetics of both nucleation and growth are temporally separated and substantially slowed down by the intricate equilibrium between the precursor (PbBr2) and the A[PbBr3] solute, with the latter serving as a monomer. QDs of all these compositions exhibit up to four excitonic transitions in their linear absorption spectra, and we demonstrate that the size-dependent confinement energy for all transitions is independent of the A-site cation. Description Slowing nanoparticle growth Inorganic materials with more covalent bonding, such as cadmium selenide, form uniform nanoparticles under fast growth conditions, but perovskites such as cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) are more ionic and grow rapidly to form larger nanoparticles. Akkerman et al. controlled the nanoparticles’ growth kinetics by using trioctylphosphine oxide, which solubilized the PbBr2 precursor, bound to the cation-[PbBr3] monomer (solute), and weakly coordinated to the crystal nuclei surfaces. Nanoparticles with diameters from 3 to 13 nanometers were stabilized and isolated in high yield with lecithin, a long-chain zwitterion. Four well-resolved excitonic transitions with size-dependent confinement energies were seen for cesium as well as organic cations. —PDS Monodisperse lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals are synthesized through slow and temporally separated nucleation and growth.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors demonstrate superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels with densely interconnecting networks implemented via simple reconstructing processes, consisting of anisotropic densification of pre-gel and a subsequent ionic crosslinking with rehydration.
Abstract: For the practical use of synthetic hydrogels as artificial biological tissues, flexible electronics, and conductive membranes, achieving requirements for specific mechanical properties is one of the most prominent issues. Here, we demonstrate superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels with densely interconnecting networks implemented via simple reconstructing processes, consisting of anisotropic densification of pre-gel and a subsequent ionic crosslinking with rehydration. The reconstructed hydrogel exhibits broad ranges of exceptional tensile strengths (8-57 MPa) and elastic moduli (94-1,290 MPa) depending on crosslinking ions. This hydrogel can hold sufficient cations (e.g., Li+) within its gel matrix without compromising the mechanical performance and exhibits high ionic conductivity enough to be utilized as a gel electrolyte membrane. Further, this strategy can be applied to prepare mechanically outstanding, ionic-/electrical-conductive hydrogels by incorporating conducting polymer within the hydrogel matrix. Such hydrogels are easily laminated with strong interfacial adhesion by superficial de- and re-crosslinking processes, and the resulting layered hydrogel can act as a stable gel electrolyte membrane for an aqueous supercapacitor.
TL;DR: In this paper , a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy was employed to achieve a superhigh ion exchange capacity of 4.6 mmol g-1, using Fukui function as a descriptor of monomer reactivity.
Abstract: Ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOFMs) hold great promise in ion conduction-relevant applications because the high content and monodispersed ionic groups could afford superior ion conduction. The key to push the upper limit of ion conductivity is to maximize the ion exchange capacity (IEC). Here, we explore iCOFMs with a superhigh ion exchange capacity of 4.6 mmol g-1, using a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy. Fukui function is employed as a descriptor of monomer reactivity. We use Brønsted acid to activate aldehyde monomers in organic phase and Brønsted base to activate ionic amine monomers in water phase. After the dual-activation, the reaction between aldehyde monomer and amine monomer at the water-organic interface is significantly accelerated, leading to iCOFMs with high crystallinity. The resultant iCOFMs display a prominent proton conductivity up to 0.66 S cm-1, holding great promise in ion transport and ionic separation applications.
TL;DR: In this paper , a supramolecular engineering strategy to boost the mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of cellulosic hydrogels by incorporating bentonite (BT) via the strong cellulose-BT coordination interaction and the ion regulation capability of the nanoconfined cellulose intercalated nanostructure is successfully realized.
Abstract: Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from naturally abundant cellulose are ideal candidates for constructing flexible electronics from the perspective of commercialization and environmental sustainability. However, cellulosic hydrogels featuring both high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity remain extremely challenging to achieve because the ionic charge carriers tend to destroy the hydrogen-bonding network among cellulose. Here we propose a supramolecular engineering strategy to boost the mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of cellulosic hydrogels by incorporating bentonite (BT) via the strong cellulose-BT coordination interaction and the ion regulation capability of the nanoconfined cellulose-BT intercalated nanostructure. A strong (compressive strength up to 3.2 MPa), tough (fracture energy up to 0.45 MJ m-3), yet highly ionic conductive and freezing tolerant (high ionic conductivities of 89.9 and 25.8 mS cm-1 at 25 and -20 °C, respectively) all-natural cellulose-BT hydrogel is successfully realized. These findings open up new perspectives for the design of cellulosic hydrogels and beyond.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the structural stability, reactivity, topological analysis, and thermodynamics of 4-methylpridine (4-picoline) based ILs using an advanced computational electronic structure theory technique based on first principle density functional theory.
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have lately piqued scientific attention due to their potential applications in green transition technologies such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and photovoltaic. The investigation of structural stability, reactivity, topological analysis, and thermodynamics of 4-methylpridine (4-picoline) based ILs is carried out using an advanced computational electronic structure theory technique based on first principle density functional theory (DFT). The ILs were modeled based on the interaction of 4-methylpridine (4-picoline) ion (cation) with borate, nitrate, phosphate, carbonate, and sulfate anions which have been chemically symbolized respectively as follows: [PMHP]+[HBO3]−, [PMHP]+[HNO3]−, [PMPH]+[HPO3]−, [PHMP]+[HCO3]−, and [PHMPM]+[HSO4]−. The energy difference between HOMO - LUMO of the studied compounds were found to show a general decreasing trend in the order: [PMHP][H2BO3] > [PMHP][NO3]> [PMPH][H2PO3]> [PHMP][HCO3]> [PHMPM][HSO4] with the borate ([PMHP][H2BO3]) and sulfate ([PHMPM][HSO4]) ILs having the relatively highest and least energy gap of 6.30 and 4.14 eV respectively. Strong interaction energies of 329.50 kca/mol, 114.41 kcal/mol, 107.12 kcal/mol, 98.19 kcal/mol and 87.86 kcal/mol involving the bonding, anti – bonding and lone pair orbitals associated with the pair of ILs were obtained as a trend: [PMHP][HSO4] > [PMHP][HCO3] > [PMPH][H2BO3] > [PHMP][NO3] > [PHMPM][H2PO3]. The intermolecular hydrogen bond (H-bond) analysis between the cation and anions ILs pairs obtained from quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) reveals strong, weak, and electrostatic bonds. [PMPH]+[HSO4]− ILs pair was observed to possess the highest binding energy of -20.06 kcal/mol in the same way energy decomposition analysis (EDA) reveals a relatively strong orbital interaction in the [PMPH][HSO4] ILs due to the increase in electrostatic interaction of the four O-atoms in the sulfate anion, the analysis of the thermodynamic results indicates that the syntheses of the ILs are exothermic and spontaneous.
TL;DR: In this article , a review of breakthroughs in the field of fast ionic storage in aqueous battery materials, and 1D/2D/3D and over-3D-tunnel materials are summarized.
Abstract: The highly dynamic nature of grid-scale energy systems necessitates fast kinetics in energy storage and conversion systems. Rechargeable aqueous batteries are a promising energy-storage solution for renewable-energy grids as the ionic diffusivity in aqueous electrolytes can be up to 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than in organic systems, in addition to being highly safe and low cost. Recent research in this regard has focussed on developing suitable electrode materials for fast ionic storage in aqueous electrolytes. In this review, breakthroughs in the field of fast ionic storage in aqueous battery materials, and 1D/2D/3D and over-3D-tunnel materials are summarized, and tunnels in over-3D materials are not oriented in any direction in particular. Various materials with different tunnel sizes are developed to be suitable for the different ionic radii of Li+ , Na+ , K+ , H+ , NH4+ , and Zn2+ , which show significant differences in the reaction kinetics of ionic storage. New topochemical paths for ion insertion/extraction, which provide superfast ionic storage, are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , a novel and feasible gradient orbital coupling strategy for tuning the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance through the construction of Co 3d−O 2p−Eu 4f unit sites on the Eu2O3−Co model is proposed.
Abstract: The development of highly efficient and economical materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a key role in practical energy conversion technologies. However, the intrinsic scaling relations exert thermodynamic inhibition on realizing highly active ORR electrocatalysts. Herein, a novel and feasible gradient orbital coupling strategy for tuning the ORR performance through the construction of Co 3d‐O 2p‐Eu 4f unit sites on the Eu2O3–Co model is proposed. Through the gradient orbital coupling, the pristine ionic property between Eu and O atoms is assigned with increased covalency, which optimizes the eg occupancy of Co sites, and weakens the OO bond, thus ultimately breaking the scaling relation between *OOH and *OH at Co–O–Eu unit sites. The optimized model catalyst displays onset and half‐wave potential of 1.007 and 0.887 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively, which are higher than those of commercial Pt/C and most Co‐based catalysts ever reported. In addition, the catalyst is found to possess superior selectivity and durability. It also reveals better cell performance than commercial noble‐metal catalysts in Zn–air batteries in terms of high power/energy densities and long cycle life. This study provides a new perspective for electronic modulation strategy by the construction of gradient 3d–2p–4f orbital coupling.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review summarizes the recent development of ionic liquids and ionic liquid-based electrolytes in terms of physiochemical properties, interphase formation ability, and electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ionic diffusion and coordination (IDC) strategy was used to fabricate atomically dispersed metal clusters in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) for durable photocatalytic reactions owing to the thermodynamic stability limitation.
Abstract: It is a challenge to fabricate atomically dispersed metal clusters in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) for durable photocatalytic reactions owing to the thermodynamic stability limitation. Herein, atomically dispersed Ru clusters are implanted into the PCN skeleton matrix based on an ionic diffusion and coordination (IDC) strategy, the stability of which is improved owing to the robust Ru-N bonds in the formed RuN4 and RuN3 configurations. Additionally, RuN4 and RuN3 as charge transport bridges between two adjacent melon strands efficaciously conquer hydrogen bond restriction in the skeleton to facilitate the in-plane mobility and separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the synergistic effect of adjacent Ru atoms is triggered on the assembled RuN3-RuN4 and RuN3-RuN3 in the atomically dispersed Ru clusters to significantly decrease hydrogen adsorption energy. As a result, the optimal PCN-Ru photocatalyst achieves nearly 6 times higher than the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) rate of the Pt/PCN benchmark and maintains the long-term stable running for 104 h of 26 cycles; its overall PHE performance is far superior to the most of single atoms supported on g-C3N4 photocatalysts reported. The findings here gain new insight into the preparation strategy, structure configuration, and reaction mechanism for atomically dispersed metal clusters supported on PCN, which further stimulates the intensive investigations toward developing more efficient and stable PCN-like photocatalytic materials.
TL;DR: In this paper , the degradation of halide perovskites upon water exposure has been intensively studied, resulting in chemical insights into key processes, including hydration, phase transformation, decomposition, and dissolution.
Abstract: Halide perovskites are considered to be next-generation semiconductor materials with bright prospects to advance the technology of photonics and optoelectronics. Because of the intrinsic ionic feature, the interactions between perovskites and water induce serious stability issues, which has been one of the fundamental problems hindering the practical application of perovskites. The degradation of halide perovskites upon water exposure has been intensively studied, resulting in chemical insights into key processes, including hydration, phase transformation, decomposition, and dissolution. In this Perspective, we try to illustrate what happens when halide perovskites meet with water. We summarize the research progress regarding the understanding of these processes and discuss the principle of strategy design toward improved stability against water. In addition to the instability-related interactions, we also discuss the aqueous solution of perovskite precursors for fabricating perovskite-based functional materials. Hopefully, this Perspective can inspire more fundamental studies on the interactions between perovskites and water, such as spectroscopy and simulation, crystal structure and material characterizations, and solution chemistry and crystallization.
TL;DR: In this article , the adsorption behavior of Pb(II) on natural-aged and virgin microplastics in different electrolyte solutions was investigated, and the results demonstrated that natural aged microplastic exhibited higher adsorptive capacity for PbII compared to virgin ones and the addition of CaCl2 strongly inhibited the adaption amount of PB(II), and were slowed down greatly at higher ionic strength, which indicated that salt ions exert an important influence on heavy metals for MPs, which should be further concerned.
TL;DR: In this article , the structural, elastic, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of the new Zintl phase dibarium zinc diphosphide Ba2ZnP2 were derived from the monocrystalline elastic constants numerically estimated through stress-strain technique.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors highlighted the most recent employed strategies for interface structure construction and the role of interfacial interactions during ORR and highlighted the barriers and prospects for the construction of electrocatalysts based on such concepts as control of interfacer interactions, engineering, and technologies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the hydrate-growth rate in a system containing methylene blue molecules does not necessarily accelerate on increasing the subcooling temperature, and they proposed that these amorphous clusters act as mass transfer barriers disturbing the agglomeration of solutes.
TL;DR: In this paper, Density functional theory has been used to study the structural, chemical bonding, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Cs2AgCrX6 and Cs 2AgCrI6.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the extreme toughening of hydrogels via the synergistic effect of cations and anions, without the need for specific structure design or adding other reinforcements.
Abstract: Ion is one of the most common additives that can impart electrical conductivity to insulating hydrogels. The concurrent toughening effect of ions, however, is often neglected. This work reports the extreme toughening of hydrogels via the synergistic effect of cations and anions, without the need for specific structure design or adding other reinforcements. The strategy is to equilibrate a physical double network hydrogel consisting of both multivalent cation‐ and kosmotropic anion‐sensitive polymers in specific salt solutions that can induce cross‐linking and salting‐out simultaneously. Both effects are proven positive to boost the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of the original weak gel, and result in a tough conductive gel with exceptional physical properties, achieving significant enhancements in fracture stress, fracture energy, and ionic conductivity by up to 530‐, 1100‐, and 4.9‐folds, respectively. The optimal fracture stress and toughness reach approximately 15 MPa and 39 kJ m–2, exceeding most state‐of‐the‐art tough conductive hydrogels. Meanwhile, a satisfactory ionic conductivity of 1.5 S m–1 is attained. The presented simple strategy is also found generalizable to other salt ions and polymers, which is expected to expand the applicability of hydrogels to conditions involving demanding mechanical durability.
TL;DR: In this paper , chemical carbon dioxide fixation via cycloaddition with high energy three-member ring compounds such as epoxides is among the most promising pathways to reduce the greenhouse gas emission and reach...
TL;DR: Density functional theory calculation reveals that the size and graphite nitrogen ratios of CDs have an effect on bandgap reduction, resulting in a redshift of the emission, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Abstract: Conventional synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) mostly involves a hydrothermal or solvent-thermal reaction which needs relatively high temperature and pressure. In this work, ionic liquid is used to assist in fast synthesizing CDs with an ultrahigh photoluminescent quantum yield (98.5%) by heating at a low temperature (≤100 °C) and at atmospheric pressure. In addition, through this approach, tunable multicolor emissive CDs can be successfully achieved and used for preparing high-performance white light-emitting diodes. Theoretical computation proves that the activity of synthesis reaction can be significantly enhanced by ionic liquids. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the size and graphite nitrogen ratios of CDs have an effect on bandgap reduction, resulting in a redshift of the emission, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. This simple and promising approach for fast synthesis of tunable emissive CDs using ionic liquid affords the facilitation of CDs-based luminescent materials for fast manufacturing of functional devices.