Showing papers on "Prostate published in 1983"
TL;DR: The present data show that complete withdrawal of androgens by combined hormonal therapy with the LHRH agonist (or castration) and a pure antiandrogen leads to a positive objective response in more than 95% of cases as opposed to 60%‐70% as reported by many groups using the previous partial hormonal therapy.
Abstract: To completely eliminate androgens of both testicular and adrenal origin, 37 previously untreated patients with advanced (stages C or D) prostatic cancer received the combination therapy using an LHRH agonist (HOE-766) and a pure antiandrogen (RU-23908). The response criteria developed by the National Prostatic Cancer Project were used. A positive response (assessed by bone scan and/or serum prostatic acid phosphatase measured by radioimunoassay was observed in 29 of the 30 cases who could be evaluated by these objective criteria (97%). The objective response was parallel to a rapid and marked improvement of the clinical signs and symptoms related to prostate cancer (prostatism, bone pain, and general well being). In marked contrast, the same combination therapy applied to patients previously treated with high doses of diethylstilbestrol (13 patients) showed a positive objective response in only 55% of cases. In 23 previously castrated patients showing relapse, an objective response was seen in only 25% of cases after neutralization of adrenal androgens by the antiandrogen. Previous treatment with chlorotrianisene (TACE) had no detectable effect on prostatic cancer and patients having previously received such treatment had a rate of positive response similar to previously untreated patients (five of five). In the previously untreated patients receiving the combination therapy, a 60% fall in serum prostatic acid phosphatase was observed as early as five days after starting treatment, at a time when the serum androgen concentration was 100% to 200% above control. Combined treatment with the pure antiandrogen completely prevents flare-up of the disease, a complication previously found in a significant proportion of patients treated with an LHRH agonist alone. The present data show that complete withdrawal of androgens by combined hormonal therapy with the LHRH agonist (or castration) and a pure antiandrogen leads to a positive objective response in more than 95% of cases as opposed to 60%-70% as reported by many groups using the previous partial hormonal therapy (castration or high doses of estrogens). Adrenal androgens are most likely responsible for this difference. The present study also shows that the proportion of androgen-sensitive cells decreases from more than 95% in untreated patients to 25% to 55% after previous partial hormonal therapy. Such data clearly indicate that the previous partial hormonal therapy exclusively aimed at neutralizing testicular androgens left 25% to 55% of cancer cells having a relatively low sensitivity to adrogens in a hormonal milieu compatible with their continuous growth. No clinical or biochemical side effect could be detected except those related to reduced serum androgen levels. Due to the ease of its application and the lack of secondary effects other than those related to hypoandrogenicity, the present data clearly suggest that complete (instead of partial) androgen withdrawal should be performed as early as possible after diagnosis, at least in advanced prostatic cancer, to reduce the development of androgen-insensitive cell clones and to facilitate the adjuvant treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiotherapy of androgen-insensitive tumors in the appropriate cases.
289 citations
TL;DR: The predilection of prostatic cancer to metastasize to bone has been recognized since Thompson’ reported the very first case and the mechanisms of this metastasis to bone and the response within bone will be emphasized.
282 citations
TL;DR: Results from cytosolic and autoradiographic binding studies suggest that androgen binding is induced in UGM plus BLE recombinants and that this activity is accounted for by the induced urothelial cells.
Abstract: Adult bladder epithelium (BLE) is induced to differentiate into glandular epithelium after association with urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) and subsequent in vivo growth in syngeneic male hosts. Alteration of epithelial cytodifferentiation is associated with the expression of prostate-specific antigens, histochemical and steroid metabolic activities. These observations suggest that the inductive influence of the UGM has reprogrammed both the morphological and functional characteristics of the urothelium. In this report, differences regarding the mechanisms and effects of androgenic stimulation of prostate and bladder are exploited to determine the extent to which UGM plus BLE recombinants express a prostatelike, androgen-dependent phenotype. Results from cytosolic and autoradiographic binding studies suggest that androgen binding is induced in UGM plus BLE recombinants and that this activity is accounted for by the induced urothelial cells. In UGM plus BLE recombinants, androgen-induced [3H]thymidine or [35S]-methionine uptake analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of prostate as opposed to bladder. These studies indicate that expression within BLE of prostatic phenotype is associated with a loss of urothelial characteristics and that androgen sensitivity is presumably a function of the inductive activities of the stroma.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of 260 patients from Buffalo with cancer of the prostate gland was made with two different control series of similar size and age distribution, regardless of the control group, risk of prostate cancer gained with increases in ingestion of retinoids, animal fats, and vitamin C.
Abstract: In vivo, in vitro, prospective, and retrospective epidemiologic inquiries have suggested that retinoids inhibit cancer, and fats have been hypothesized to enhance and ascorbic acid to reduce cancer risk. Comparison of 260 patients from Buffalo with cancer of the prostate gland was made with two different control series of similar size and age distribution. Regardless of the control group, risk of prostate cancer gained with increases in ingestion of retinoids, animal fats, and vitamin C. These anomalous findings may be due to peculiarities in methodology. From the possible specificity of effect of the nutrients studied, as shown in experimental animals and in vitro, a hypothesis could be made that a substance like vitamin A or C, which may inhibit certain cancers, also may enhance risk of other cancer types or have neither effect.
263 citations
TL;DR: The results of this experiment indicate that when prostatic tissue is harvested appropriately, the dihydrotestosterone content of normal peripheral and hyperplastic tissues is the same, which should influence future research into the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Abstract: The dihydrotestosterone content of normal peripheral and benign hyperplastic prostates was measured in tissue obtained at open surgical procedures on 29 men of ages 36 to 82 yr. The dihydrotestosterone content in normal prostates (mean +/- SE, 5.1 +/- 0.4 ng/g tissue) and in benign hyperplastic prostates (5.0 +/- 0.4) was similar. In 11 patients in whom both normal and hyperplastic prostatic tissue was harvested simultaneously at the same operation, there was no significant difference in the content of dihydrotestosterone in the two types of tissue. These findings fail to confirm the widespread belief that dihydrotestosterone content is elevated in benign hyperplastic prostates. Our data differ from the reported literature in one major respect: the dihydrotestosterone content of normal peripheral prostate in this study is three to four times higher than previously reported. This difference between the present and earlier studies was resolved by experiments performed on cadavers, which were the source of normal prostatic tissue used by other investigators. Dihydrotestosterone content was measured in seven cadavers ranging in age from 19 to 82 yr of age. The results of this experiment indicate that the dihydrotestosterone content of prostatic tissue removed at autopsy is factitiously low (0.7-1.0 ng/g tissue). This finding was confirmed by in vitro incubations of fresh prostatic tissue at 37 degrees C that demonstrated reduction of dihydrotestosterone content to low levels within 2 h. When taken together, these results indicate that when prostatic tissue is harvested appropriately, the dihydrotestosterone content of normal peripheral and hyperplastic tissues is the same. This finding should influence future research into the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
166 citations
TL;DR: Quantitative determinations of ureaplasmas and Mycoplasma hominis, together with localization studies, were performed to elucidate the importance of these microorganisms in patients with chronic prostatitis and provide sufficient evidence for the etiologic importance of U. urealyticum and tetracycline treatment.
Abstract: It has definitely been demonstrated that Ureaplasma urealyticum is one etiologic agent of nongonococcal urethritis, a sexually transmitted disease. For this reason it seemed possible that the organisms might cause ascending inflammatory reactions of the prostate. Quantitative determinations of ureaplasmas and Mycoplasma hominis, together with localization studies, were therefore performed to elucidate the importance of these microorganisms in patients with chronic prostatitis. U. urealyticum was found in high numbers in expressed prostatic secretions and urine voided after prostatic massage from 82 (13.7%) of 597 patients with chronic prostatitis. Because numbers of ureaplasmas in first-voided urine and midstream urine were significantly lower, the source of the organisms in these patients was assumed to be the prostate. These data and the results of tetracycline treatment provide sufficient evidence for the etiologic importance of ureaplasmas in chronic prostatitis.
155 citations
TL;DR: The growth and functional changes that are associated with the development of BPH and are initiated very early in life reflect an altered sensitivity of the prostate to serum androgens or a response to the relative decrease in the serum androgen to estrogen ratio.
Abstract: This paper is a cross-sectional study of spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a single canine species. The effects of aging and hormonal changes on the growth, histology, and glandular secretory function of the canine prostate were studied in 42 male beagles ranging in age from 8 mo to 9 yr. The beagle prostate enlarges for at least 6 yr, whether normal or hyperplastic. In contrast, prostatic secretory function, determined by ejaculate volume and total ejaculate protein, declines markedly after 4 yr of age. These reciprocal growth and functional changes in the prostate are closely associated with a progressive increase in the incidence of BPH, which is already apparent in some dogs by age two. With age there is a modest decrease in serum androgen levels with no apparent change in serum 17 beta-estradiol levels. This suggests that the growth and functional changes that are associated with the development of BPH and are initiated very early in life reflect an altered sensitivity of the prostate to serum androgens or a response to the relative decrease in the serum androgen to estrogen ratio.
131 citations
TL;DR: Buserelin offers an effective treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer without the side effects and cardiovascular risks associated with oestrogen treatment.
Abstract: Repeated administration of long acting analogues of gonadotrophin releasing hormone diminishes gonadal function and in men decreases testosterone concentrations; for this reason the effect of the analogue buserelin was studied in prostatic carcinoma. Twelve consecutive patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were treated. Each patient received intranasal buserelin in divided dosages of either 600 or 1000 micrograms daily. Suppression of the gonadotrophins and testosterone occurred in all patients. Objective and subjective signs of regression of disease were seen in nine patients. Buserelin offers an effective treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer without the side effects and cardiovascular risks associated with oestrogen treatment.
110 citations
TL;DR: It appears that transurethral resection of the prostate causes dissemination on locally advanced prostatic cancer and clinical studies are suggested to avoid or minimize this effect.
103 citations
TL;DR: Analysis revealed that increasing histologic stage, tumor size, degree of capsular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, and histologic grade all were highly correlated with both local and systemic progression, but no variable correlated with survival.
Abstract: Among 562 patients with histologic stage B-1, B-2, or C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, analysis revealed that increasing histologic stage, tumor size, degree of capsular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, and histologic grade all were highly correlated with both local and systemic progression (log-rank two-sided P less than or equal to 0.0001). No variable correlated with survival--a result that may reflect appropriate adjuvant therapy given at the time of progression. The death rate from prostatic cancer did appear to rise progressively with increase of stage. Overall, the projected 10-year survival was 76%.
89 citations
TL;DR: Eleven of 12 primary tumors and 7 of 12 metastases studied were proved to be of prostatic orgin and the value of staining for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen is emphasized.
TL;DR: A concept is presented that the initiation and/or promotion of prostatic carcinogenesis may well involve the chronic modulation/interaction of the prostatic glandular cells with their lumenal fluid.
Abstract: In this paper, studies by a large series of independent investigators are reviewed with regard to the basic structure and function of the prostate in an attempt to examine their relationship to prostatic cancer etiology. These studies demonstrate that the functional activities of the prostate involve secretion, transport, and reabsorption of a variety of materials into and out of the glandular lumen and that these activities are directly related to the basic structural organization of the gland. These functional activities are constantly occurring in the prostate even under basal (ie, nonejaculating) conditions. Due to these functional activities, the prostatic fluid in the glandular lumen is a complex mixture of a variety of components derived, not only from the synthetic activity of the glandular epithelial cells of the gland itself, but also from the blood serum. The levels of these components are continuously modulated, not only by the frequency of active ejaculation, but also, under basal conditions by the continuous interaction with the glandular prostatic cells lining the acinar lumen and ducts. A concept is presented that the initiation and/or promotion of prostatic carcinogenesis may well involve the chronic modulation/interaction of the prostatic glandular cells with their lumenal fluid.
TL;DR: The ontogeny of expression of [3H]dihydrotestosterone (3H‐DHT) binding in the developing mouse prostate was studied using steroid autoradiography, and the role of epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions in hormone‐induced development is discussed.
Abstract: The ontogeny of expression of [3H]dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) binding in the developing mouse prostate was studied using steroid autoradiography. At all prenatal stages examined, 3H-DHT binding in the urogenital sinus was restricted to the stromal tissue compartment. This pattern of binding continued until approximately day 4 of postnatal life, when some epithelial cells began to exhibit nuclear localization of 3H-DHT. The pattern of binding was asynchronous within the prostate, with the onset of nuclear labeling seemingly correlated with canalization of prostatic ducts. By 3 weeks of age, virtually all prostatic epithelial cells exhibited nuclear labeling with 3H-DHT. The significance of these results, with respect to the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in hormone-induced development, are discussed.
TL;DR: Cet article discute tres en detail la phosphatase acide de la prostate, l'antigene specifique de the prostate, les phosphatases alcalines, les polyamines, the creatine kinase BB, the LDH and divers autres marqueurs.
TL;DR: Endocrine cells are a normal constituent of the prostate gland, prostatic urethra and urinary bladder mucosa and there was a close similarity between the distribution of argyrophilic cells (Grimelius) and serotonin-storing cells and this implies that endocrine cells may be of mesodermal derivation.
Abstract: Endocrine cells are a normal constituent of the prostate gland, prostatic urethra and urinary bladder mucosa. Positive results using immunohistochemical technics were obtained only with antiserotonin antibodies. In normal tissues, there was a close similarity between the distribution of argyrophilic cells (Grimelius) and serotonin-storing cells. Some striking features were the patchy distribution of endocrine cells, the presence of slender cytoplasmic processes occasionally reaching the luminal surface and the paucity of specialized cells in bladder mucosa. It is unlikely that endocrine cells participate in conventional neoplasms of prostate and bladder. Exceptions are lobular hyperplasia, certain adenocarcinomas of prostate and inverted papilloma of bladder. An ultrastructural study permitted the distinction of two types of endocrine cells characterized by a different morphology of their granules. Another relevant finding was the presence of serotonin-storing cells in Brenner tumors. The latter observation emphasizes the close similarity between this neoplastic epithelium and urothelium. This implies that endocrine cells may be of mesodermal derivation.
TL;DR: The administration of testosterone cypionate to castrated male dogs caused a doubling of prostate weight within 4 weeks and an increase in the content of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, and results suggest that dihydratestosterone formation plays a role in prostatic growth.
Abstract: The administration of testosterone cypionate (0.4 mg/kg BW day) to castrated male dogs caused a doubling of prostate weight within 4 weeks and an increase in the content of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the prostate. When the5α-reductase inhibitor 17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5α-androstan-3-one (3 mg/kg BW-day) was administeredsimultaneously with testosterone cypionate, prostatic testosterone content increased from 0.5 ± 0.2 to 4.1 ± 1.3 ng/mg DNA, the increase in prostatic dihydrotestosterone content was prevented, and prostatic size decreased to half the starting weight. These results suggest that dihydrotestosterone formation plays a role in prostatic growth.{Endocrinology 113: 569, 1983)
TL;DR: For example, this paper showed that 9 of 12 patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the prostate treated with LHRH analogue ICI 118630 for a mean period of 6 months showed objective evidence of response to treatment.
TL;DR: The data accumulated so far from clinical trials in men with prostate carcinoma suggest that D‐Trp6‐LH‐RH and other LH‐RH agonists can be used for an effective therapy which avoids the side effects of estrogen and the pyschological impact of castration.
Abstract: We have compared the effects of chronic administration of D-Trp6-LH-RH, a superactive agonist of LH-RH, and a potent antagonist, (NAc-p-Cl-D-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10)LH-RH, on male Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing the Dunning R-3327H prostate adenocarcinoma. Treatment with 25 micrograms of D-Trp6-LH-RH bid for 21 days decreased the weights of the ventral prostate, testes, and adrenals, but had no effect on the weight of the anterior pituitary gland. Administration of similar doses of the antagonist reduced the weight of the ventral prostate, anterior pituitary gland, and adrenals, but did not change the weight of the testes. Both the agonist and antagonist greatly and significantly reduced tumor weight and volume as compared to controls. Serum LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels in Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing Dunning tumors were significantly decreased after treatment with D-Trp6-LH-RH as well as the antagonist. The inhibition of rat prostate tumors achieved with D-Trp6-LH-RH and the antagonistic analog raised the possibility that these compounds could be used clinically in the treatment of prostate carcinoma and other endocrine-dependent neoplasias. The antagonistic analogs have not yet been tried clinically on a chronic basis. However, the data accumulated so far from clinical trials in men with prostate carcinoma suggest that D-Trp6-LH-RH and other LH-RH agonists can be used for an effective therapy which avoids the side effects of estrogen and the pyschological impact of castration.
TL;DR: Prostatic adenocarcinomas were induced in 5 out of 20 Wistar rats upon a single administration of 50 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) to provide a good animal model for cancer of the prostate and lead to a better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis.
TL;DR: Late serious complications of the remotely adjacent structures of the bladder, urethra, distal ureters, and circumferential rectal wall occurred more frequently in the external beam treatment series, a reflection of the fact that larger tissue volumes were irradiated.
TL;DR: The serum zinc, vitamin A, albumin, copper and retinoid-binding protein content was measured in 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 19 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, finding a significantly lower level in the cancer group and a significant zinc/vitamin A correlation.
Abstract: The serum zinc, vitamin A, albumin, copper and retinoid-binding protein content was measured in 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 19 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. A significantly lower (P = less than 0.05) level of serum zinc was found in the cancer group as well as a significant zinc/vitamin A correlation (P = less than 0.05). The possible significance of this in relation to the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the prostate is discussed.
TL;DR: This study is a review of 86 patients with Stage A1 cancer of the prostate in whom additional prostatic tissue was available because of repeat transurethral resection or radical prostatectomy and it appears that the classification of patients into Stage A2 is generally accurate when based on the findings from initial TUR alone and that the incidence of understaging in this group is low.
Abstract: The classification of patients with incidental carcinoma of the prostate into focal (Stage A1) or diffuse (Stage A2) subgroups depends primarily on the microscopic findings on tissue removed from transurethral resection (TUR) or open enucleation. However, these procedures sample only a portion of the entire prostate, and some patients staged A1 may have residual diffuse cancer that should properly be classified as Stage A2. This study is a review of 86 patients with Stage A1 cancer of the prostate in whom additional prostatic tissue was available because of repeat transurethral resection or radical prostatectomy. Only six patients (7%) were found to have diffuse cancer in the remaining prostatic tissue. Therefore, it appears that the classification of patients into Stage A1 or Stage A2 is generally accurate when based on the findings from initial TUR alone and that the incidence of understaging in this group is low. Repeat transurethral resection does not appear to contribute significantly to the accuracy of staging.
TL;DR: The antibody was able to detect tumor cells at extra-prostatic sites and represents a powerful probe for the detection and differential diagnosis of metastatic cancer of the prostate.
Abstract: Hybridoma culture F5 has been developed which secretes monoclonal antibody (McAb) directed to an epitope of a prostatic glycoprotein of Mr 34 kD (Prostate Antigen, PA). Tissue levels of PA have been evaluated using a competitive-binding enzyme-immunoassay based upon the inhibition of McAb binding activity to purified antigen. Results indicated the specific occurrence of high antigen concentrations in extracts prepared from prostatic tissues. The antigenicity of epitope F5 is resistant to tissue fixation and embedding protocols, and has been demonstrated upon immunoperoxidase staining procedures. Immunoperoxidase data strongly indicate that McAb F5 possesses a singular specificity towards prostatic epithelial cells. Other tissues, whether normal or cancerous, fail to express this determinant. Specimens examined included epithelial and nonepithelial tissues along with a panel of carcinomas and sarcomas. The antibody was able to detect tumor cells at extra-prostatic sites and represents a powerful probe for the detection and differential diagnosis of metastatic cancer of the prostate.
TL;DR: Human prostate tissue gave rise to essentially pure cultures of basal cells in vitro, and careful analysis by phase‐contrast microscopy and photography suggested that these cells attempt to differentiate into secretory acinar cells.
Abstract: Human prostate tissue gave rise to essentially pure cultures of basal cells in vitro. Careful analysis by phase-contrast microscopy and photography suggested that these cells attempt to differentiate into secretory acinar cells. This was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis for prekeratin which is present only in basal cells in situ and for prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen, and prostate fluid antigen, which are present only in secretory acinar cells in situ.
TL;DR: It is concluded that steroid hormone treatment regimens which caused elevated prostatic DHT concentrations did not always result in equally high prostatic weight in the beagle and they probably play a permissive rather than an inductive role in the disease process.
Abstract: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration was measured in prostatic tissue obtained from castrate or intact beagles treated with androgens and/or estradiol-17 beta. Also DHT concentration was measured in prostatic tissue of beagles ranging from 0.7-9.2 yr; some with and others without spontaneously occurring benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Three major results were forthcoming. First, a linear, positive correlation was observed between prostatic weight and DHT concentration in castrated or intact beagles treated with 11 of 15 steroid hormone regimens. Four additional treatments including intact or castrated beagles treated with either DHT or 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol alone resulted in high concentrations of prostatic DHT but not equally high prostatic weight. Thus, prostatic DHT concentration is not always tightly coupled with prostate weight in the beagle. Second, there was no significant (P greater than 0.25) difference in prostatic DHT concentration between dogs with histologically normal prostates and those with spontaneous BPH. Thus, contrary to earlier reports, the tissue concentration of DHT in dog prostatic hyperplasia is not supranormal. Third, there was a dramatic change in prostatic DHT concentration which peaked at 3.8 yr. We conclude that steroid hormone treatment regimens which caused elevated prostatic DHT concentrations did not always result in equally high prostatic weight in the beagle. Also, if androgens like DHT are related causally to BPH in the dog, they probably play a permissive rather than an inductive role in the disease process.
TL;DR: Of two patients tested, the PAP RAID scintiscans located the primary or recurrent prostatic cancers in both and showed no disease in the lungs of the patient shown subsequently to have lung cancer.
Abstract: Radioimmunodetection (RAID) of prostatic cancer is done by injecting 131 I-labeled rabbit antibody IgG against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and performing total-body photoscans with a gamma scintillation camera. Of two patients tested, the PAP RAID scintiscans located the primary or recurrent prostatic cancers in both and showed no disease in the lungs of the patient shown subsequently to have lung cancer. The lung tumor nodules showing anti-PAP IgG accretion were assumed to be of prostatic cancer origin, since one of the original tumors removed from this patient's other lung a year earlier stained for PAP by immunohistochemistry. This study showed that PAP RAID can locate primary and metastatic tumors of prostatic origin. ( JAMA 1983;250:630-635)
TL;DR: The ease of application of this new form of hormonal therapy which neutralizes androgens from all sources should facilitate its early administration and thus minimize the development of metastases and androgen-resistant cell clones.
TL;DR: Anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) results correlate closely with in situ hybridization results and imply some degree of HCMV association with prostatic abnormality, and suggest that latent H CMV may be harbored by the human prostate gland.
Abstract: Normal prostate, benign prostate hypertrophy (BHP), and prostate adenocarcinoma (ACP) biopsy specimens were analyzed for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-specific macromolecules. HCMV DNA homologous sequences were detected in 2 of 13 normal prostate, 2 of 9 BHP, and 3 of 10 ACP tissues, and HSV-2 DNA homologous sequences were found in 1 normal prostate tissue and 2 ACP tissues. In situ DNA-RNA hybridizations indicated HCMV-specific RNA in 3 of 8 BHP and 4 of 9 ACP tissues. No positive in situ hybridization for HCMV RNA was observed in normal prostate tissues. Parallel in situ DNA-RNA hybridization localized HSV-2-specific RNA in only 1 of 8 tumor sections. No HSV-2-specific RNA was observed in sections of normal and BHP tissues. Anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) tests of BHP and ACP specimens showed specific HCMV immunofluorescence in 3 of 8 BHP and 4 of 9 ACP tissues. ACIF results correlate closely with in situ hybridization results and imply some degree of HCMV association with prostatic abnormality. The results also suggest that latent HCMV may be harbored by the human prostate gland.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: To explain the focal nature of BPH it may be necessary to hypothesize that different regions of this organ vary significantly in their hormonal responsiveness at the cellular level.
Abstract: It has long been known that benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a condition that does not affect all of the tissue of the prostate diffusely and uniformly.3,6 Indeed the fact that all the pathologic tissue can be removed by enucleation or transurethral resection and still leave behind a considerable volume of normal functioning glandular tissue indicates that only a single discrete region of the organ has been involved. Although the pathogenesis of BPH has been postulated to depend on hormonal changes, it is generally considered that the development, morphology, and function of the entire prostate are largely determined by hormonal stimulation.19 Hence to explain the focal nature of BPH it may be necessary to hypothesize that different regions of this organ vary significantly in their hormonal responsiveness at the cellular level.
TL;DR: Clinically suspected nodules in 13 patients were more accurately biopsied using sonographic guidance as opposed to conventional manual, digital guidance and subclinical carcinomas in three patients and areas of atypical histology in four patients were also identified and biopsies using transrectal sonography guidance.
Abstract: Transperineal prostate biopsy performed with continuous sonographic monitoring by a real-time rectal endoscopic probe, using a longitudinal linear array which offered complete visualization of the needle from the perineum into suspected abnormal areas within the prostate, was performed in 25 patients with clinically suspected prostate disease. Clinically suspected nodules in 13 patients were more accurately biopsied using sonographic guidance as opposed to conventional manual, digital guidance. Subclinical carcinomas in three patients and areas of atypical histology in three patients were also identified and biopsied using transrectal sonographic guidance.