Showing papers on "Relevance vector machine published in 2020"

OPBS-SSHC: outline preservation based segmentation and search based hybrid classification techniques for liver tumor detection

Abstract: Cancer in Liver is the one among all other types of cancer which causes death of carcinogenic victim people throughout the world. GLOBOCAN12 was an initiative for simultaneously generating the expected dominance and mortality incidence that raised out of the cancer over the whole globe. It reported that about 782,000 new cases in the population were reported to have liver cancer, in which around 745,000 people loosed their lives from these kind of diseases worldwide. Some traditional algorithms were found to be widely used in liver segmentation processes. However, it had some limitations such as less effective outcomes in terms of proceeded segmentation operations and also it was very difficult to apply tumor segmentation especially for larger severity intensities of tumor region, which usually gave rise to high computational cost. It was also required to improve the performance of those algorithms for diagnosing even the tiniest parts of liver along with the improvisation needed when there was misclassification of the tumors near the liver boundaries. Along this way as an improvising methodology, an efficient method is proposed in order to overcome all the above discussed issues one by one through our work. The novelty/major contribution of this proposed method is being contributed in three stages namely, preprocessing, segmentation and classification. In preprocessing, the noises of image will be removed and then, the input image edge will be sharpened by using a frequency-based edge sharpening technique which aids in taking the pixels in the images into consideration for proceeding with the next operation of segmentation. The segmentation process gets the appropriated preprocessed images as input and the Outline Preservation Based Segmentation (OPBS) algorithm is used to segment the images in the segmentation phase. The algorithms involving features extraction were preferably deployed to extract the corresponding features from an image. So, the features present in the segmented image serves as the necessary information for the classification purposes. Next, the features were classified in the classification phase by using novel similarity search based hybrid classification technique. The Outline Preservation Based Segmentation and Search Based Hybrid Classification (OPBS-SSHC) used the 3D IR CAD dataset. It was used to analyze with various parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measures. Volumetric Overlap Error (VOE), Jaccard, Dice, and Kappa will be determined later on to predict the errors in the segmentation process undertaken. The proposed method of OPBS-SSHC performance was found to be better than other classification techniques of Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which were considered for comparison by taking the above metrics and coefficients as and when required throughout this extensive comparative study.

Facies Identification Based on Multikernel Relevance Vector Machine

Abstract: Facies identification is a powerful means to predict reservoirs. We achieve facies identification using a relevance vector machine (RVM) and develop a facies discriminant method based on a multikernel RVM (MKRVM). An RVM has the same functional form as a support vector machine (SVM) that is widely used in geophysics and shows a promising performance in disposing of small-samples, nonlinear and high-dimensional problems. The RVM inherits these superiorities, and its training is implemented under the Bayesian framework. Thus, it can provide probability information about the classified facies, which is critical to evaluate uncertainty of the result. Besides, the penalty parameter of the RVM does not depend on human experience. Compared with single-kernel learning, multikernel learning (MKL) is more flexible. After mapping the original data into a combined space by MKL, the features can be more accurately expressed in the new space, thereby improving the classification accuracy. Therefore, we introduce the RVM into facies classification and extend it to the MKRVM-based facies identification. The proposed method has advantageous properties such as strong generalization ability and high accuracy. First, we apply the approach to well log facies classification with different input features. Then, it is applied to seismic lithofacies identification with inverted elastic attributes to predict the target reservoirs. All the examples verify the effect and potential of the new method.

Wind Turbine Pitch System Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection Based on Optimized Relevance Vector Machine Regression

Abstract: Condition monitoring and early fault detection of wind turbine faults can reduce maintenance costs and prevent cascaded failures. This article proposes a new Normal Behavior Modeling (NBM) method to predict wind turbine electric pitch system failures using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) information. The proposed method is particularly effective for online monitoring applications at a reasonable computational complexity. Briefly, in the data preprocessing stage of the proposed method, in order to remove interferential information and improve data quality, the operational state codes from turbine programmable logic controller are applied to filter SCADA data. In the modeling process, we designed a NBM method using optimized relevance vector machine (RVM) regression, which is relatively fast and computationally efficient. An adaptive threshold by the probabilistic output of RVM is proposed and used as the rule of anomaly detection. One normal case and three typical fault cases have been studied to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The performance of the method is assessed using 38 actual pitch system faults compared with two existing methods.

Flood Mapping Using Relevance Vector Machine and SAR Data: A Case Study from Aqqala, Iran

Abstract: The use of satellite imagery to monitor flood areas is essential to determine the damage and prevent related problems in the future. This paper examines thresholding and unsupervised classification for flood mapping using Sentinel-1 SAR image. Thresholding helps us to determine over-detection and under-detection regions in the flooded areas, and so, gamma distribution is used to select the thresholds. Also, the relevance vector machine (RVM) and the object-based classification method have been used for classification. The RVM algorithm obtained better results with overall accuracy = 0.89 and k = 0.95, while for the object-based classification method, these values were 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. According to the results, over- and under-detection occurred in flat areas and man-made structures, respectively. The results demonstrate a great potential of radar imagery for operational detection and delimitation of water in flood risk areas. The automation of satellite radar data processing operation has been tested, and it shows a potential for optimising the system of monitoring and early detection of flood risk.

Mapping wind erosion hazard with regression-based machine learning algorithms.

Abstract: Land susceptibility to wind erosion hazard in Isfahan province, Iran, was mapped by testing 16 advanced regression-based machine learning methods: Robust linear regression (RLR), Cforest, Non-convex penalized quantile regression (NCPQR), Neural network with feature extraction (NNFE), Monotone multi-layer perception neural network (MMLPNN), Ridge regression (RR), Boosting generalized linear model (BGLM), Negative binomial generalized linear model (NBGLM), Boosting generalized additive model (BGAM), Spline generalized additive model (SGAM), Spike and slab regression (SSR), Stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), support vector machine (SVM), Relevance vector machine (RVM) and the Cubist and Adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Thirteen factors controlling wind erosion were mapped, and multicollinearity among these factors was quantified using the tolerance coefficient (TC) and variance inflation factor (VIF). Model performance was assessed by RMSE, MAE, MBE, and a Taylor diagram using both training and validation datasets. The result showed that five models (MMLPNN, SGAM, Cforest, BGAM and SGB) are capable of delivering a high prediction accuracy for land susceptibility to wind erosion hazard. DEM, precipitation, and vegetation (NDVI) are the most critical factors controlling wind erosion in the study area. Overall, regression-based machine learning models are efficient techniques for mapping land susceptibility to wind erosion hazards.

A new multikernel relevance vector machine based on the HPSOGWO algorithm for predicting and controlling blast-induced ground vibration

Abstract: The relevance vector machine (RVM) is considered a robust machine learning method and its superior performance has been confirmed through many successful engineering applications. To improve the performance of the RVM model, three single kernel functions, and three multikernel functions, including two newly proposed multikernel functions, tenfold cross-validation, and the hybrid particle swarm optimization with grey wolf optimizer (HPSOGWO) algorithm were combined to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model framework. Afterwards, a new application of the RVM method was used and introduced for two different datasets of the blast-induced ground vibration. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) model and seven empirical equations were also developed for comparison purposes, and their prediction performances were evaluated considering three performance metrics, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE). The obtained results showed that the multikernel RVM model can provide better performance capacity than the single-kernel RVM model. As a result, the AI models were found to be more applicable than the empirical equations in estimating blast-induced ground vibration. The prediction performance results of these models confirmed that the selected database has a great impact on the prediction capacity. Therefore, it is a common act to compare the performance of various models based on the selected database before selecting an optimal predictive model. The proposed model in this study provides new theoretical and practical support for the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration and can be utilized by other researchers in similar fields.

Newly explored machine learning model for river flow time series forecasting at Mary River, Australia.

Abstract: Hourly river flow pattern monitoring and simulation is the indispensable precautionary task for river engineering sustainability, water resource management, flood risk mitigation, and impact reduction. Reliable river flow forecasting is highly emphasized to support major decision-makers. This research paper adopts a new implementation approach for the application of a river flow prediction model for hourly prediction of the flow of Mary River in Australia; a novel data-intelligent model called emotional neural network (ENN) was used for this purpose. A historical dataset measured over a 4-year period (2011–2014) at hourly timescale was used in building the ENN-based predictive model. The results of the ENN model were validated against the existing approaches such as the minimax probability machine regression (MPMR), relevance vector machine (RVM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models. The developed models are evaluated against each other for validation purposes. Various numerical and graphical performance evaluators are conducted to assess the predictability of the proposed ENN and the competitive benchmark models. The ENN model, used as an objective simulation tool, revealed an outstanding performance when applied for hourly river flow prediction in comparison with the other benchmark models. However, the order of the model, performance wise, is ENN > MARS > RVM > MPMR. In general, the present results of the proposed ENN model reveal a promising modeling strategy for the hourly simulation of river flow, and such a model can be explored further for its ability to contribute to the state-of-the-art of river engineering and water resources monitoring and future prediction at near real-time forecast horizons.

Relevance Vector Machine Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Electrical Capacitance Tomography With Explicit Uncertainty Estimates

Abstract: We present a Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) based algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) applications that can concurrently provide image reconstruction results and uncertainty estimates about the reconstruction. To illustrate the RVM operation in ECT, we simulate typical ECT scenarios, making explicit the connection between the reconstructed pixel values and the corresponding uncertainty estimates in each case. We compare the RVM reconstruction performance with that of the Iterative Landweber Method (ILM) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in all the considered scenarios. The results show that, in addition to the key advantage of providing uncertainty measures, RVM can achieve similar reconstruction results with either lower or similar computational complexity.

A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rolling Bearing Integrated SGMD, IMSDE and Multiclass Relevance Vector Machine.

Abstract: The vibration signal induced by bearing local fault has strong nonstationary and nonlinear property, which indicates that the conventional methods are difficult to recognize bearing fault patterns effectively. Hence, to obtain an efficient diagnosis result, the paper proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis approach for rolling bearing integrated symplectic geometry mode decomposition (SGMD), improved multiscale symbolic dynamic entropy (IMSDE) and multiclass relevance vector machine (MRVM). Firstly, SGMD is employed to decompose the original bearing vibration signal into several symplectic geometry components (SGC), which is aimed at reconstructing the original bearing vibration signal and achieving the purpose of noise reduction. Secondly, the bat algorithm (BA)-based optimized IMSDE is presented to evaluate the complexity of reconstruction signal and extract bearing fault features, which can solve the problems of missing of partial fault information existing in the original multiscale symbolic dynamic entropy (MSDE). Finally, IMSDE-based bearing fault features are fed to MRVM for achieving the identification of bearing fault categories. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the experimental and contrastive analysis. The results show that our approach can precisely identify different fault patterns of rolling bearings. Moreover, our approach can achieve higher recognition accuracy than several existing methods involved in this paper. This study provides a new research idea for improvement of bearing fault identification.

Learning soft sensors using time difference–based multi-kernel relevance vector machine with applications for quality-relevant monitoring in wastewater treatment

Abstract: Considering the time-varying, uncertain and non-linear properties of the wastewater treatment process (WWTPs), a novel multi-kernel relevance vector machine (MRVM) soft sensor based on time difference (TD) is proposed to predict the quality-relevant but difficult-to-measure variable. Firstly, a novel dimension reduction technique is introduced to reduce data dimension and model complexity. Secondly, the parameters of the kernel model are optimized by the intelligent optimization algorithm (PSO). Besides, the TD strategy is introduced to enhance the robustness of MRVM when exposing to dynamic environments. Finally, the proposed model was assessed through two simulation studies and a real WWTP with the results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. Graphical abstract Framework of Lasso-TD-MRVM soft sensor model.

A Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Battery Cycle Life Prediction with Early Cycle Data

Abstract: Accurate prediction of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cycle life using early cycle data is a challenging task as the capacity fade resulting from the nonlinear degradation process leads to a negligible loss of capacity in early cycles but is accelerated when approaching the end of life. To address this challenge, we propose a hybrid machine learning model that combines a shallow learning model, relevance vector machine (RVM), and a deep learning model, convolutional neural network (CNN). RVM is employed to generate artificial cells with high cycle lives, expanding the original training dataset (i.e., data augmentation). The expanded training dataset then serves as the input-output pairs used to train the CNN model. CNN first learns the locally-invariant features from the input data and then makes full use of these features to predict the cycle life of a Li-ion battery cell. We evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid machine learning (RVM+CNN) model on two test datasets consisting of 83 cells with widely varying cycle lives ranging from 150 to 2300 cycles. The RVM+CNN model produces higher cycle life prediction accuracy on both datasets than three other machine learning and deep learning methods.

Classifying Tunnel Anomalies Based on Ultraweak FBGs Signal and Transductive RVM Combined With Gaussian Mixture Model

Abstract: For long-distance unattended metro tunnel monitoring systems, accurate identification of abnormal disturbances is of great significance for underground safety. Many abnormal disturbance data will be generated in the ultraweak grating sensing system along the metro tunnel. The classification and labeling of these abnormal disturbance signals is a very large and time-consuming task. Therefore, we propose an active learning method using a transductive relevance vector machine based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM-TRVM) to classify and identify those signals. First, we analyzed the dynamic response signals of fiber Bragg grating sensors in the metro tunnel. Then, we extracted the time-domain and frequency-domain features of the abnormal disturbance signal. Taking the characteristics of abnormal disturbance signals as input and corresponding disturbance categories as output, the training of the GMM-TRVM model was completed under the active learning framework. In the circular query process, the model was evaluated after each update, and the evaluation index was assigned an ${F}_{{1}}$ score. The final results show that the proposed GMM-TRVM active learning method achieves good classification and recognition.

Quantitative diagnosis of internal short circuit for cylindrical li-ion batteries based on multiclass relevance vector machine

Abstract: Battery internal short circuit (ISC) state should always be supervised. To facilitate the use of battery thermal behaviors, this work develops a lumped thermal evolution model (TEM) based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM). Then, multiple dispersedly-configured TEM/ECM sub-models are synthesized using the extreme learning machine to approximate the distribution nature of real batteries. To acquire ISC dataset, three kinds of active-destruction experiments are carried out on the battery. Thereafter, from thermal and electrical residuals, four ISC features are extracted whereby the multiclass relevance vector machine is utilized to discriminate ISC state. Specially, according to the posterior probability outputs, ISC degree can also be quantified. Experimental results on cylindrical li-ion batteries verify the reliability of the model structure and suggest the proposed diagnosis scheme can recognize ISC faults effectively with a grade misjudgment rate of 14.59% and a state misjudgment rate as low as 3.13%.

Diverse Feature Blend Based on Filter-Bank Common Spatial Pattern and Brain Functional Connectivity for Multiple Motor Imagery Detection

Abstract: Motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interface (BCI) is a research hotspot and has attracted lots of attention. Within this research topic, multiple MI classification is a challenge due to the difficulties caused by time-varying spatial features across different individuals. To deal with this challenge, we tried to fuse brain functional connectivity (BFC) and one-versus-the-rest filter-bank common spatial pattern (OVR-FBCSP) to improve the robustness of classification. The BFC features were extracted by phase locking value (PLV), representing the brain inter-regional interactions relevant to the MI, whilst the OVR-FBCSP is used to extract the spatial-frequency features related to the MI. These diverse features were then fed into a multi-kernel relevance vector machine (MK-RVM). The dataset with three motor imagery tasks (left hand MI, right hand MI, and feet MI) was used to assess the proposed method. Experimental results not only showed that the cascade structure of diverse feature fusion and MK-RVM achieved satisfactory classification performance (average accuracy: 83.81%, average kappa: 0.76), but also demonstrated that BFC plays a supplementary role in the MI classification. Moreover, the proposed method has a potential to be integrated into multiple MI online detection owing to the advantage of strong time-efficiency of RVM.