Showing papers on "Reverse osmosis published in 2020"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a thorough overview of the advanced membrane-based treatment methods available for the effective removal of organic micropollutants (MPs) in water and wastewater.
202 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of thin-film nanocomposite (TFNC) membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination by focusing on different issues existing in the RO process is presented.
183 citations
TL;DR: This review paper summarized and highlighted the recent literature information about heavy metal ions and theirs removal methods from aqueous pollutants and wastewater/water, adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics models by different type of three dimensional (3D) porous structure.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed strategies to reduce the specific energy consumption (SEC) of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process by minimizing the irreversible work of the high pressure pump, decreasing the osmotic pressure of the feed, and recovering energy from reverse Osmosis concentrate.
131 citations
TL;DR: Electro-driven technologies are viewed as a potential alternative to the current state-of-the-art technology, reverse osmosis, for the desalination of brackish waters and it is found that ED consumes less energy (has higher energy efficiency) than MCDI for all investigated conditions.
Abstract: Electro-driven technologies are viewed as a potential alternative to the current state-of-the-art technology, reverse osmosis, for the desalination of brackish waters. Capacitive deionization (CDI), based on the principle of electrosorption, has been intensively researched under the premise of being energy efficient. However, electrodialysis (ED), despite being a more mature electro-driven technology, has yet to be extensively compared to CDI in terms of energetic performance. In this study, we utilize Nernst-Planck based models for continuous flow ED and constant-current membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) to systematically evaluate the energy consumption of the two processes. By ensuring equivalently sized ED and MCDI systems-in addition to using the same feed salinity, salt removal, water recovery, and productivity across the two technologies-energy consumption is appropriately compared. We find that ED consumes less energy (has higher energy efficiency) than MCDI for all investigated conditions. Notably, our results indicate that the performance gap between ED and MCDI is substantial for typical brackish water desalination conditions (e.g., 3 g L-1 feed salinity, 0.5 g L-1 product water, 80% water recovery, and 15 L m-2 h-1 productivity), with the energy efficiency of ED often exceeding 30% and being nearly an order of magnitude greater than MCDI. We provide further insights into the inherent limitations of each technology by comparing their respective components of energy consumption, and explain why MCDI is unable to attain the performance of ED, even with ideal and optimized operation.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed advancement in the forward osmosis (FO) membrane fabrication using carbon nanomaterials to improve the membrane characteristics, and they also reviewed the main challenges that limit the application of carbon-based nanomorphs for FO membranes.
115 citations
TL;DR: The major advancements in the strategies used for enhancement of RO membrane performance through co-solvent interfacial polymerization (CAIP), surface modifications were scrutinized and summarized.
107 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the reported performance of reverse osmosis (RO) and capacitive deionization (CDI) for brackish water desalination from the aspects of engineering, energy, economy and environment reveals that both RO and CDI should play important roles in water reclamation and resource recovery from brackian water, especially for inland cities or rural regions.
106 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of hybrid desalination systems, and methods used to optimize such systems with respect to these objectives, is provided, providing a brief overview of current status and energy consumption.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors comprehensively reviewed the membrane fouling mitigation strategies in terms of pretreatment, membrane surface modification and operating conditions for both forward osmosis and membrane distillation processes.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, composite laminate multilayer MoS2 membranes with stacked heterodimensional one-to two-layer-thick porous nanosheets and nanodisks are presented.
Abstract: Two-dimensional membranes have gained enormous interest due to their potential to deliver precision filtration of species with performance that can challenge current desalination membrane platforms. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) laminar membranes have recently demonstrated superior stability in aqueous environment to their extensively-studied analogs graphene-based membranes; however, challenges such as low ion rejection for high salinity water, low water flux, and low stability over time delay their potential adoption as a viable technology. Here, we report composite laminate multilayer MoS2 membranes with stacked heterodimensional one- to two-layer-thick porous nanosheets and nanodisks. These membranes have a multimodal porous network structure with tunable surface charge, pore size, and interlayer spacing. In forward osmosis, our membranes reject more than 99% of salts at high salinities and, in reverse osmosis, small-molecule organic dyes and salts are efficiently filtered. Finally, our membranes stably operate for over a month, implying their potential for use in commercial water purification applications. Molybdenum disulfide membranes are attractive for filtration of nanoscale species but should be optimized for application. Here, the authors report composite membranes with tunable surface charge, pore size and interlayer spacing, achieving efficient filtration of small-molecule dyes and osmosis.
TL;DR: This study highlights LSRRO's potential for energy efficient brine concentration using moderate hydraulic pressures, which would drastically improve the energetic and economic performance of MLD/ZLD processes.
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art membrane-based technologies including both stand-alone and their hybrid system, for PW treatment and reclamation are highlighted, and the challenges and future outlooks of current PW desalination technologies are also highlighted.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of VFAs recovery/purification methods is provided in this paper, with focus on membrane-based processes, including microfiltration/ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosa, membrane distillation, electrodialysis, membrane contractor, and pervaporation.
TL;DR: In this article, a thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane with two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2Tx embedded in the polyamide (PA) layer was fabricated by in-situ interfacial polymerization with m-phenylenediamine aqueous solution and trimesoyl chloride.
TL;DR: In this article, a facile method for fabricating polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes exhibiting remarkable separation performance and high acid stability via solvent activation on PA reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with strong polar aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the treatment technologies of salt-containing wastewater and high-salt wastewater in coal chemical industry of China is presented, where the authors mainly focus on the treatment of salt containing wastewater.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the various conventional and non-conventional heating methods used in the membrane distillation process, focusing on its application for water desalination.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrated that compaction decreases the water permeability of commercial reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from 2.0 Lm−m−2h−1 bar−1 at 70 bar applied hydraulic pressure to 1.3 Lm −m−n−2 h−1 b/n/n at 150 bar, where a ~60% decrease in cross-sectional thickness was observed.
TL;DR: The obtained results showed that the ED process with monovalent selective ion-exchange membranes allowed to decrease fluoride content in product water below the WHO guidelines.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the current and recent trends in membrane desalination processes used for agricultural purposes and discussed the challenges being faced with desalinating seawater/brackish water and wastewater are discussed.
TL;DR: This study suggests two strategies to design next-generation fouling-resistant RO membranes via structural optimization: first, a smooth selective layer should be maintained to ensure uniform flux distribution, and one may mimic nature to fabricate patterned porous membranes as the support, so that it optimizes hydrodynamics while maintaining even fluxes.
Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between roughness and fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) through specially designed experimental protocols and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. Conv...
TL;DR: In this article, a series of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been prepared by incorporating nano-fillers of p-aminophenol-modified graphene oxide (mGO) into the polyamide skin layer via interfacial polymerization.
TL;DR: In this article, a gradient boosting tree model was employed to learn from relevant variables such as loading, size, pore size of nanoparticles, and properties of the membranes to predict water permeability and salt rejection of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination.
10 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the output of sewage filtration by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) flocculation can be transferred to a biological reactor for further purification.
Abstract: Oil pollutants, due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, are considered a serious threat to human health and the environment. Petroleum hydrocarbons compounds, for instance, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, are among the natural compounds of crude oil and petrol and are often found in surface and underground water as a result of industrial activities, especially the handling of petrochemicals, reservoir leakage or inappropriate waste disposal processes. Methods based on the conventional wastewater treatment processes are not able to effectively eliminate oil compounds, and the high concentrations of these pollutants, as well as active sludge, may affect the activities and normal efficiency of the refinery. The methods of removal should not involve the production of harmful secondary pollutants in addition to wastewater at the level allowed for discharge into the environment. The output of sewage filtration by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) flocculation can be transferred to a biological reactor for further purification. Advanced coagulation methods such as electrocoagulation and flocculation are more advanced than conventional physical and chemical methods, but the major disadvantages are the production of large quantities of dangerous sludge that is unrecoverable and often repelled. Physical separation methods can be used to isolate large quantities of petroleum compounds, and, in some cases, these compounds can be recycled with a number of processes. The great disadvantage of these methods is the high demand for energy and the high number of blockages and clogging of a number of tools and equipment used in this process. Third-party refinement can further meet the objective of water reuse using methods such as nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation. Adsorption is an emergency technology that can be applied using minerals and excellent materials using low-cost materials and adsorbents. By combining the adsorption process with one of the advanced methods, in addition to lower sludge production, the process cost can also be reduced.
TL;DR: TFN membranes containing PCN-222 nanoparticles modified with varying levels of myristic acid (MA) were fabricated via dispersion in the aqueous phase during interfacial polymerization, and the resulting flux and rejection performance of each membrane was evaluated.
Abstract: Nanorods of PCN-222, a large-pore, zirconium-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF), have been prepared through coordination modulation-controlled crystal growth through competing monodentate ligands known as modulators-for incorporation into reverse osmosis thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. Postsynthetic modification of the MOF node through binding of myristic acid (MA) altered channel dimensions and pore size distribution. The extent of MOF modification was characterized through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller gas sorption and 1H NMR following digestion of the particles. TFN membranes containing PCN-222 nanoparticles modified with varying levels of MA were fabricated via dispersion in the aqueous phase during interfacial polymerization, and the resulting flux and rejection performance of each membrane were evaluated. Increased water flux was observed with increasing MA content in the PCN-222 nanorods. Up to 95% increase in water flux was observed for a TFN containing 0.01 wt % loading of PCN-222 nanorods with a 10:1 MA to linker ratio, while maintaining high salt rejection. The flux change was attributed to tunable water transport through the nanorod pore structure and also through rapid water transport pathways at the nanorod-polymer interface.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel zwitterion-grafted TFC reverse osmosis (TFC) membrane was evaluated to address organic fouling for water reclamation.
TL;DR: In this article, a natural polypeptide, e-poly- l -lysine (PL), was employed as the surface modifier for RO membrane, and covalently immobilized on the PA-TFC membrane surface through one-step chemical coupling under ambient conditions, without sacrificing the permselectivity.
TL;DR: In this article, a composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was fabricated to overcome the challenges of harsh synthetic conditions and possible agglomeration of COFs by interfacial assembly of a COFs interlayer on polysulfone substrate, then followed by the formation of a polyamide skin layer via traditional interfacial polymerization (IP) process.
TL;DR: The feasibility of the hybridized MLP-PSO achieved remarkable predictability for the RO process, and the proposed model attained lower uncertainty for the simulated data.
Abstract: The scarcity of freshwater causes the necessity for water delineation of brackish water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the popular strategies characterized with lower cost and simple processing procedure compared to the other desalination techniques. The current research is conducted to investigate the efficiency the RO process based on one-week advance prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and permeate flow rate for Sistan and Bluchistan provinces located in Iran region. The water parameters including pH, feed pressure temperature, and conductivity are used to construct the prediction matrix. A newly hybrid data-intelligence (DI) model called multilayer perceptron hybridized with particle swarm optimization (MLP-PSO) is developed for the investigation. The potential of the proposed MLP-PSO model is validated against two predominate DI models including support vector machine (SVM) and M5Tree (M5T) models. The results evidenced the potential of the proposed MLP-PSO model over the SVM and M5T models in predicting the TDS and permeate flow rate. In addition, the proposed model attained lower uncertainty for the simulated data. Overall, the feasibility of the hybridized MLP-PSO achieved remarkable predictability for the RO process.