Showing papers on "Sex pheromone published in 1978"

Sustained-flight tunnel for measuring insect responses to wind-borne sex pheromones

Abstract: The design, construction, and uses of a relatively simple and inexpensive wind tunnel for studying responses of flying insects to sex pheromones are presented with special reference to research on moths. A variable-speed continuous belt installed on the tunnel floor proved to be a valuable feature, allowing the observer to manipulate the speed of the responding insect and thus to measure the duration and persistence of sustained anemotactic flights in the pheromone plume. It is concluded that flight tunnels of this kind will prove to be extremely valuable multipurpose tools in pheromone research.

Sex Pheromone of the Tsetse Fly: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis of Contact Aphrodisiacs

Abstract: Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the male fly at ultrashort range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were identified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that the natural and synthetic compounds are identical.

Behavioral responses of the female eastern spruce budwormChoristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) to the sex pheromone of her own species

Abstract: Female eastern spruce budworm moths respond to the synthetic sex pheromone of their own species (a mixture ofcis- andtrans-11-tetradecenal) by walking, antennal grooming, flexation of the body, extension of the ovipositors, and oviposition. The sex pheromone is perceived by receptors on the antennae. Electroantennogram responses from the female are approximately two-thirds the amplitude of those obtained from males.

Sex Pheromones of the Oriental Fruit Fly and the Melon Fly: Mating Behavior, Bioassay Method, and Attraction of Females by Live Males and by Suspected Pheromone Glands of Males

Abstract: Sexually mature virgin females of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and the melon fly, D. cucurbitae Coquillett, were attracted by live males of their respective species in laboratory bioassays in 16-dm3 cages. The gland complex of the rectal sac of the male oriental fruit fly, suspected as the source of an olfactory pheromone, was highly attractive to female oriental fruit flies. Similar glands of male melon flies were only weakly attractive to melon fly females but produced strong responses from female oriental fruit flies, which also responded positively to live melon fly males. Female melon flies showed no such interspecific response.

Sexual Pheromones in Algae and Fungi

Abstract: Chlamydomonas . ....... ..... ........ ........ ... ... ... ... ... ......... ... ....•... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Allomyces 465 Brown Algae • 468 Oedogonium : . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1 Pheromones which Induce Sexual Differentiation 473 Achlya 473 Mucorales 475 Volvox 477 Ascomycetes 480 CONCLUDING REMARKS 481

Quantitative Analysis of Identified Compounds in Pheromone Gland Rinses of Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia cautella at Different Times of Day

Abstract: Concentrations of the sex pheromone ( Z,E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate present in superficial rinses of the sex pheromone gland of virgin female Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) at different times during a 14L:10D photoperiod fluctuated at least 10-fold. Maximum quantitites of pheromone, 1–2 ng/female, were obtained during the scotophase when ca. 90% of the females were calling. During the latter 1/2 of the photophase when calling was ca. 60%, less than 0.1 ng/female of the compound was detected. The corresponding alcohol, ( Z,E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, showed a similar diel periodicity. Concurrent analyses of the pheromone levels in unmated females of Ephestia (= Cadra ) cautella Walker revealed little <2X) variation in the quantity of either of the 2 previously identified components [( Z,E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate and ( Z )-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate] at different times during the photoperiod. Ca. 46 and 30% of these females called during the scotophase and photophase, respectively.

Sex Pheromones of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Abstract: Two sex pheromones, periplanone A and periplanone B were isolated from the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. The technique is described for collecting periplanone B from the alimentary tracts of virgin females. Periplanone A was extracted from the excreta of the insects. Mass spectral analysis of the pheromones and related compounds were performed and the results are reported here. Evidence is presented suggesting that periplanone A is in fact a degradation product of periplanone B. A reaction scheme is considered for the pathway: periplanone B periplanone A (stable, but inactive) PA 22–VII.

Evidence for the controlled release of a crustacean sex pheromone

Abstract: Evidence for the controlled release of a crustacean sex pheromone: mature malePortunus sanguinolentus (Herbst) did not give the characteristic display described by Ryan (1966) to water from a container with a carried or artificially restrained premolt female. However, the sex pheromone was still present in the urine of the restrained female, suggesting that she inhibits the emission of the sex pheromone by regulating her urine flow.

Behaviorally mediated contacts between scent organs: Another prerequisite for pheromone production in Danaus chrysippus males (lepidoptera)

Abstract: Males ofDanaus butterflies possess two binate glandular organs: abdominal hairpencils, which release aphrodisiac pheromones during courtship behavior, and pockets on the hindwings. Between these two types of organs contacts are established behaviorally: the hairpencils are dipped into the alar pockets (Fig. 2). GLC analyses of hairpencil and wing pocket extracts fromDanaus chrysippus show that this contact behavior is a prerequisite for the synthesis of the ketonic pheromone component (for which the term “danaidone” is suggested here) in physiologically normal amounts. Danaidone occurs on the hairpencils only i) after the males have ingested pyrrolizidine alkaloids as precursors, and ii) after the hairpencils have been dipped into the wing pockets. The appearance of danaidone in the wing pockets also depends on the ingestion of alkaloidal precursor, but is not affected by the above mentioned contact behavior. Mechanisms by which contact behavior might control pheromone biosynthesis are discussed.

Field Trials with Pheromone-Acaricide Mixtures for Control of Amblyomma hebraeum

Abstract: Extracts of fed males of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, which produce assembly pheromone (s), and mixtures of such extracts with toxaphene were studied in the field for the control of this tick. Nymphs and adults were attracted to areas on cattle which had been treated previously with extracts alone or in combination with an acaricide. The assembly pheromones and the pheromone-acaricide mixtures were effective for 4 days. These results substantiate the assumption that assembly pheromones mixed with acaricides might be used for the control of A. hebraeum .

A sex pheromone from the mandibular glands in bumblebee queens

Abstract: In this paper it is shown that the mandibular glands of young bumblebee queens produce a species-specific sex pheromone. From our results it becomes obvious that the pheromone is a releaser for the mating attempts made by the conspecific males.

Behaviour of males in relation to the female sex pheromone in the parasitoid wasp, anisopteromalus calandrae (hymenoptera: pteromalidae)

Abstract: Male sexual behaviour in Anisopteromalus calandrae was observed and experimentally analyzed. The female secretes a sex pheromone which releases the wing vibration of males. The female sex pheromone, and not the visual stimulus, is essential for the recognition by males of the nearby presence of a female. This pheromone which is secreted from glands situated in abdomen of the female, is already released since pupal stage, but the male is attracted most effectively by the female still under the reed of the beans. Copulation takes place immediately after the female comes out of the bean RESUME COMPORTEMENT DES MALES RELATIF A LA PHEROMONE SEXUELLE CHEZ ANISOPTEROMALUS CALANDRAE Le comportement sexuel male chez Anisopteromalus calandrae a ete observe et experimentalement analyse. La femelle emet la pheromone sexuelle qui declenche la vibration des ailes chez le male. La pheromone sexuelle, et non le stimulus visuel, est essentielle pour que le male reconnaisse la presence voisine d'une femelle. Cette pheromone, secretee par des glandes situees dans l'abdomen de la femelle, est emise des le stade nymphal, et le male est effectivement attire par les femelles encore incluses dans le pois. L'accouplement a lieu aussitot que la femelle sort dehors.

Controlled release of pheromones

Abstract: Insect pheromones, in particular sex pheromones, are becoming increasingly important in pest management. As they are both expensive to synthesise and biologically very active, efficient means of controlled release are essential if they are to be used effectively and economically in the field. Pheromone-baited traps can be used for monitoring insect pest populations and for this purpose a long-lasting attractant source with release rate closely simulating that of the insect is required. A second approach involves permeation of the atmosphere with attractant or inhibitory components of sex pheromones in order to disrupt communication between the sexes and thus reduce mating and diminish subsequent larval infestations. For this method to be effective is necessary to maintain the pheromone concentration in treatment areas at a suitably high level for several weeks. The two approaches have led to the development of different kinds of dispensing systems. To provide an attractant source in traps, pheromones have been incorporated into solid polymers, notably polythene and rubber, whilst for communication disruption, microencapsulation and ‘hollow fibre’ techniques have been developed. Recent advances are reviewed and future prospects discussed.

Courtship Behavior and Source of a Sexual Pheromone from Cardiochiles nigriceps

Abstract: The sexual behavior of male and female Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is described. Wing fanning by the male plays an important role in orientating the male towards the female located 3-5 cm away and may also have a quieting effect on the female. Female antennae appear to play an important role in orientating the male on the female prior to copulation and in signaling female receptivity. Females produce a sex pheromone just prior to emergence from the cocoon. Sex pheromone activity remains after mating and throughout adult life. Through amputation, ligation, and masceration of various parts of the female, sexual activity was revealed to be elicited by the female abdominal region. Although no region of the female or extracts of females were effective in eliciting full sexual display in males, Dufour's gland and hexane extracts of females elicited antennation by males. Antennation may represent a response of the male to a close range sexual stimulant.

Nematode sex pheromones

Abstract: Current knowledge of the involvement of sex pheromones in the premating communication of free-living, plant-parasitic, and animal-parasitic nematodes is reviewed.

A photoaffinity-labelled insect sex pheromone for the moth Antheraea polyphemus

Abstract: SINCE the isolation of the first insect sex pheromone, bombykol, from the female silkmoth Bombyx mori1 and its full identification by synthesis as (10E, 12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienol2,3, the number of characterised pheromones has increased dramatically4–7. The basic question of pheromone–receptor interactions remain unanswered, however. To devise a method which could be used to study such problems, it was necessary to modify the natural pheromone in such a way as to specifically label the binding site of its chemoreceptor cell. We chose to convert the acetate group, a common feature in Lepidoteran pheromones4–7, into a diazoacetate derivative. Information about the active site of the pheromone receptor cell can then be obtained by reacting it irreversibly with a carbene derived from the diazoacetate group. In this procedure, the modified pheromone is radioactively labelled, and since the carbene is generated photolytically, the process is called photoaffinity labelling8,9. We have used electrophysiological techniques as a very sensitive and rapid bioassay method to check the activity of the modified pheromone. We recorded the responses from single receptor cells and evaluated the changes in receptor potential and nerve impulses activity accompanying exposure of the antennae to a stream of pheromone10–12. We describe here experiments showing that the diazoacetyl derivative of the pheromone acetate (VII) meets the requirements of a photoaffinity label for the study of the receptor.

Sex pheromone scent marking by females ofPectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Abstract: Females of the pink bollworm moth,Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), scent marked the substrate to which they were clinging with the extended pheromone gland during nocturnal pheromonereleasing periods. Scent marks were deposited on both natural (cotton leaf) and atypical (glass) substrates. In both situations, the scent marks elicited attraction responses from conspecific males.

Sex Pheromone of the Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus: Laboratory Bioassay and Evidence for a Multiple Component System

Abstract: The female sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), produces a sex pheromone to which only males are responsive. A laboratory bioassay was devised to monitor isolation of the pheromone that was collected either from whole body extracts or from filter paper on which virgin females had rested. Female extracts could be separated into 3 distinct areas of sex pheromone activity by liquid chromatography.

Electrophysiological responses of Heteronereis stimulated with sex pheromones (Annelida polychaeta)

Abstract: Chemical stimulations by sex pheromones have been electro-physiologically recorded on Heteronereis brain. The presence of the transformed parapodial cirri is necessary to the appearance of the intense and prolonged electrical activity of the brain.