Showing papers on "Supporting electrolyte published in 2012"
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a vanadyl acetylacetonate (VANADAR) flow battery was evaluated with a stable coulombic efficiencies of 70% without flow after several weeks of slow cycling.
124 citations
122 citations
TL;DR: This study uses silicon nanowires coated with highly pH-sensitive hafnium oxide and aluminum oxide to determine their response to variations in KCl concentration at several constant pH values and observes a nonlinear sensor response as a function of ionic strength, which is independent of the pH value.
Abstract: Silicon nanowire field-effect transistors have attracted substantial interest for various biochemical sensing applications, yet there remains uncertainty concerning their response to changes in the supporting electrolyte concentration. In this study, we use silicon nanowires coated with highly pH-sensitive hafnium oxide (HfO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to determine their response to variations in KCl concentration at several constant pH values. We observe a nonlinear sensor response as a function of ionic strength, which is independent of the pH value. Our results suggest that the signal is caused by the adsorption of anions (Cl–) rather than cations (K+) on both oxide surfaces. By comparing the data to three well-established models, we have found that none of those can explain the present data set. Finally, we propose a new model which gives excellent quantitative agreement with the data.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the accelerating effect of various multivalent cations, the halogen anions and the acidity of the solution on the rate of the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 on a Cu (88)−Sn (6)-Pb (6)-alloy cathode was studied.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical properties of tetraferrocenylthiophenes were analyzed in the presence of either [Pd(PPh3)4] or [pd(CH2CMe2PtBu2)(μ-Cl)]2 as a catalyst.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a temperature dependent multi-domain model is presented for numerical simulation of the electrochemical machining process with a moving cathode tool, which includes mass transfer as a consequence of diffusion, convection and migration, combined with the electroneutrality condition and linearized temperature dependent polarization relations at the electrolyte-electrode interface.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used conductive-diamond anodes to conduct an electrooxidation of solutions containing one anthraquinonic (Acid Blue 62) and three azoic (Reactive Red 141, Direct Black 22, and Disperse Orange 29) synthetic dyes.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a binary ionic liquid (IL) system based on a common organic cation, N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)anmmonium (DEME+), with mixed anion of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) and bis(fluorosulfony l)imides (FSI−) has been examined as a supporting electrolyte of rechargeable magnesium batteries.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 30 mL sample bottle containing 10 mL of candidate solvent with/without 1 M of supporting electrolyte, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, Kanto Chemical, >99.7%), and the bottle was closed and placed 24 hours in room temperature.
Abstract: Candidate solvents which we examined were PC (Kishida chemical, >99.5%), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Wako pure chemical, >99%), acetonitrile (ACN, Wako pure chemical, >99%), 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN, Wako pure chemical, >99%), trimethyl phosphate (TMP, Wako pure chemical, >99%), sulfolane (SULF, Aldrich, >99%), tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO, Aldrich, >99%), tetraglyme (TGly, Aldrich, >99%) and ionic liquid, N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13-TFSI, Kanto Chemical), and these solvents were used as received without further purification. 0.2 g (2.8 mmol) of yellow KO2 powder (Strem chemicals, 96.5%) was slowly added into 30 mL sample bottle containing 10 mL of candidate solvent with/without 1 M of supporting electrolyte, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, Kanto Chemical, >99.7%), and the bottle was closed and placed 24 hours in room temperature. Precipitates were filtrated by separable syringe filter (1 μm pore) and washed in DMSO and chloroform three times, respectively. After drying in vacuum, the precipitates were analyzed by Raman and IR spectroscopy. The yields of the precipitates were in the range of 50‐130 wt% as compared with the weight of added KO2. All process and analysis were carried out under inert gas (Ar) atmosphere. Analytical method of Raman and IR were identical of our previous report. 13 Baseline calibration of
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was used to detect loop diuretic furosemide (4-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid) in 5.0 pH with 0.04m Britton-Robinson buffer as supporting electrolyte at 25.± 0.1°C at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-paraffin oil paste electrode (CNTPE)
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a single-metal redox flow battery employing bis(acetylacetone)ethylenediamine cobalt(II) as the active species and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate as the supporting electrolyte with acetonitrile as the solvent has been examined.
TL;DR: In this article, electrochemical oxidation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye using bipolar trickle tower (BTT) reactor and Raschig ring shaped boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in recirculated batch mode was fulfilled.
TL;DR: In this article, square wave voltammetry is employed to examine the electro-oxidation of nitrite and the reaction mechanism and electrode kinetics are investigated, pointing out the effects of the solution pH, the electrode material (glassy carbon, edge plane pyrolytic graphite and gold) and the supporting electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this paper, a straightforward synthesis protocol that follows the palladium-promoted Negishi cross-coupling of 2-Br-3,4,5-Fc3-cC4S (2) with 3, 4,5 -Fc 3,2-bithiophene (4) was proposed, which can be reversibly and separately oxidized in dichloromethane and anisole solutions using [NnBu4] as supporting electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this article, the interfacial structure of Nafion and Pt3Co/C in fully humidified N2 at room temperature was investigated by in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy by using a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) type cell without any supporting electrolyte solution.
Abstract: To obtain clues to how to improve the effectiveness of cathode nanocatalysts in fuel cells, the interfacial structure of Nafion–Pt/C and Nafion–Pt3Co/C in fully humidified N2 at room temperature was, for the first time, investigated by in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy by use of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) type cell without any supporting electrolyte solution. We identified four types of adsorbed species at the interface with changing the electrode potential, that is, sulfonate anions (SO3–) with ether groups (C–O–C) in the Nafion side chain, water molecules (adsorbed H2Oad and/or hydrating SO3– groups), and hydrated protons [H+(H2O)n]. For a Pt skin layer formed on Pt3Co/C, it was clearly observed that the band intensities assigned to the water bending mode δ(HOH) of both H+(H2O)n (1800 and 1720 cm–1) and H2Oad (1610 cm–1) decreased with increasing potential more positive than 0.2 V vs RHE, accompanied by increases in those of νs(SO3–) (1050 cm...
TL;DR: In this paper, the decomposition of bisphenol-A (BPA) in synthetic solution and in municipal effluent was investigated using an electro-oxidation process.
Abstract: The decomposition of bisphenol-A (BPA) in synthetic solution and in municipal effluent was investigated using an electro-oxidation process. Electrolysis was conducted using a cylindrical electrolytic cell containing two circular anodes (expanded metal) and two circular cathodes (stainless steel) alternated in the electrode pack. Different anode materials (Ti/SnO2, Ti/IrO2 and Ti/PbO2) were tested, and Ti/PbO2 was found to be the most effective electrode for BPA degradation. An experimental design methodology (23 Box–Behnken design) was applied to determine the optimal experimental conditions in terms of cost effectiveness. The BPA concentration (C0 = 1.0 mg l−1) could be optimally diminished by up to 90% by applying a current intensity of 2.0 A for a 100-min reaction period in the presence of 250 mg Na2SO4 l−1 (used as a supporting electrolyte). Then, the optimal conditions were applied on a municipal wastewater effluent (sampled after secondary treatment) artificially contaminated with 1 mg BPA l−1 without the addition of a supporting electrolyte. The treatment was more effective with the municipal effluent due to the presence of a high concentration of chloride ions that could easily be transformed into active chlorine. BPA could be oxidized by both direct anodic electrochemical oxidation (by means of OH·) and indirect electrochemical oxidation via mediators, such as hypochlorous acid generated by chloride oxidation. Both actions (direct and indirect effects) lead to the formation of powerful oxidizing agents capable of rapidly oxidizing BPA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical oxidation of ionic liquids (ILs) in aqueous solutions on boron-doped diamond was investigated with the aim of explaining the influence of the IL composition Cl -, Br -, BF 4 -, PF 6 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3, by keeping the cation constant and varying the anion, a comparative study of their oxidizability could be carried out.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a systematic study of the nucleation effect and growth mechanism of ZnO nanostructures from electrolyte mixed with different concentration of the Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and KCl by cathodic electrochemical deposition.
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of minocycline (MC) on cerium(IV) oxide, CeO2, has been studied in batch experiments by performing an analysis of thermodynamic parameters.
TL;DR: In this paper, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was used as electrolyte medium for V(IV)/V(V) redox couple as positive species applied in redox flow battery (RFB).
TL;DR: In this article, the transfer potential of metal ions at the tip of a 25-μm diameter capillary was determined by means of cyclic voltammetry along with differential pulse voltammetric measurements.
TL;DR: This new voltammetric method was successfully used to determine atropine in Indian traditional medicine (seeds and leaves of Datura stramonium) with satisfactory recoveries and was also used for the analysis of atropin in pharmaceutical formulation of ophthalmic solution (eye drop).
Patent•
29 May 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient method and system for the electrochemical treatment of waste water comprising organic and/or inorganic pollutants is disclosed, which comprises an electrolytic cell comprising a solid polymer, proton exchange membrane electrolyte operating without catholyte or other supporting electrolyte.
Abstract: An efficient method and system for the electrochemical treatment of waste water comprising organic and/or inorganic pollutants is disclosed. The system comprises an electrolytic cell comprising a solid polymer, proton exchange membrane electrolyte operating without catholyte or other supporting electrolyte. The cell design and operating conditions chosen provide for significantly greater operating efficiency.
TL;DR: The polyprotic acid H(3)PO( 4) in a Li(2)SO(4) supporting electrolyte has been effectively utilized as a catholyte donating three protons in dual-electrolyte Li-air cells with good rechargeability and stability.
Abstract: The polyprotic acid H3PO4 in a Li2SO4 supporting electrolyte has been effectively utilized as a catholyte donating three protons in dual-electrolyte Li–air cells. The cell offers a high capacity of 740 mA h g−1 at an average cell voltage of 3.3 V with good rechargeability and stability.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of amorphous silicon using electrodeposition in two nonoxygenated organic solvents, acetonitril and dichloromethane, under controlled atmosphere is reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ionic liquid, IL, dependence of the mid-point potential of the ferrocene,ferrocenium, Fc0/+, couple versus the decamethylferrocene|decamethy lecnorrocen, DmFc 0/+ couple was studied in eleven ILs and in dichloromethane with added IL as the supporting electrolyte, and a variable potential shift ranging from 0.014 to 0.082 V was observed when data was compared in these two systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the measurements of differential capacity of the double layer were used, namely, measurements of zero charge potential and surface tension at the zero-charge potential, and the values of the relative surface excess increase along with the chlorate (VII) and cystine concentrations.
Abstract: Research Article Abstract: -3 chlorates (VII) was studied. The data obtained from the measurements of differential capacity of the double layer were used, namely the measurements of zero charge potential and surface tension at the zero charge potential. The values of the relative surface excess increase along with the chlorate (VII) and cystine concentrations. The adsorption parameters were obtained from Frumkin and virial isotherms. The changes of these parameters in function of the supporting electrolyte concentration indicate the competitive adsorption of cystine and ClO ions as well as considerable participation of water molecules in adsorption - desorption processes. - 4
TL;DR: In this paper, the treatment of aqueous solutions of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was performed by anodic oxidation at boron doped diamond (BDD), cathodic reduction at silver and coupled processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a central composite rotatable design coupled with response surface methodology was implemented to optimize the various operating parameters involved, among initial pH, flow rate, applied current and supporting electrolyte concentration, on the treatment efficiency; the latter was assessed in terms of color removal, COD removal, specific energy consumption and general current efficiency.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the bath temperature, supporting electrolyte (KCl) concentration and current density on the properties of ZnO 2D layers is studied, and it is shown that the increased KCl concentration is the main cause for surface defects, which are accounted to the electrode passivation due to the Zn2+ ions complexation.