Carolyn M. Ernst

TL;DR: A large increase in organic material occurred during and after the event, with smaller changes in carbon dioxide relative to water, and a thermal map indicates a surface in equilibrium with sunlight.

TL;DR: The New Horizons encounter revealed that Pluto displays a surprisingly wide variety of geological landforms, including those resulting from glaciological and surface-atmosphere interactions as well as impact, tectonic, possible cryovolcanic, and mass-wasting processes.

TL;DR: X-ray fluorescence spectra obtained by the MESSENGENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury indicate that the planet's surface differs in composition from those of other terrestrial planets as discussed by the authors, and this observation, together with a low surface Fe abundance, supports the view that Mercury formed from highly reduced precursor materials, perhaps akin to enstatite chondrite meteorites or anhydrous cometary dust particles.

TL;DR: Spectral observations and a principal components analysis suggest that Ryugu originates from the Eulalia or Polana asteroid family in the inner main belt, possibly via more than one generation of parent bodies.

TL;DR: Observations of Mercury’s high northern latitudes reveal a contiguous area of volcanic smooth plains covering more than 6% of the surface that were emplaced in a flood lava mode, consistent with average crustal compositions broadly similar to terrestrial komatiites.