Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez

TL;DR: It is shown that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag.

TL;DR: A critical research need is to better integrate and reconcile the three major lines of evidence used to infer the existence of past refugia - fossil records, species distribution models and phylogeographic surveys - in order to characterize the complex spatiotemporal trajectories of species and populations in and out ofRefugia.

TL;DR: The synthesis indicates that many life-history traits of plants vary with latitude but the translation of latitudinal clines into responses to temperature is a crucial step, and integrated approaches of observational studies along temperature gradients, experimental methods and common garden experiments increasingly emerge as the way forward to further the authors' understanding of species and community responses to climate warming.

TL;DR: Comparing temperatures in the forest understory versus open habitat across boreal, temperate and tropical biomes, the authors show that tree canopies act as thermal insulators that buffer the understory against temperature extremes.

TL;DR: Using a set of criteria designed to identify realistic and achievable research goals, questions were selected from a pool submitted by the international palaeoecology research community and relevant policy practitioners to highlight its potential for addressing both pure and applied issues related to ecological science and global change.