Showing papers by "Ian D. Jonsen published in 2021"
University of Western Australia1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, University of Miami3, University of Washington4, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation6, Macquarie University7, Dalhousie University8, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration9, Deakin University10, Jet Propulsion Laboratory11, University of St Andrews12, Edmund Mach Foundation13, University of Konstanz14, Max Planck Society15, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences16, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology17, University of Queensland18, Spanish National Research Council19, Murdoch University20, University of Tasmania21, University of Hawaii at Manoa22, Silver Spring Networks23, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute24, Federal University of São Paulo25, University of Southampton26, Office of Naval Research27
TL;DR: A standardisation framework adhering to existing data principles and involving the use of simple templates to create a data flow from manufacturers and researchers to compliant repositories is proposed, and will provide a starting point for broader efforts to establish interoperable bio‐logging data formats across all fields in animal ecology.
Abstract: Bio-logging data obtained by tagging animals are key to addressing global conservation challenges. However, the many thousands of existing bio-logging datasets are not easily discoverable, universally comparable, nor readily accessible through existing repositories and across platforms, slowing down ecological research and effective management. A set of universal standards is needed to ensure discoverability, interoperability and effective translation of bio-logging data into research and management recommendations.We propose a standardisation framework adhering to existing data principles (FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable; and TRUST: Transparency, Responsibility, User focus, Sustainability and Technology) and involving the use of simple templates to create a data flow from manufacturers and researchers to compliant repositories, where automated procedures should be in place to prepare data availability into four standardised levels: (a) decoded raw data, (b) curated data, (c) interpolated data and (d) gridded data. Our framework allows for integration of simple tabular arrays (e.g. csv files) and creation of sharable and interoperable network Common Data Form (netCDF) files containing all the needed information for accuracy-of-use, rightful attribution (ensuring data providers keep ownership through the entire process) and data preservation security.We show the standardisation benefits for all stakeholders involved, and illustrate the application of our framework by focusing on marine animals and by providing examples of the workflow across all data levels, including filled templates and code to process data between levels, as well as templates to prepare netCDF files ready for sharing.Adoption of our framework will facilitate collection of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in support of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and inter-governmental assessments (e.g. the World Ocean Assessment), and will provide a starting point for broader efforts to establish interoperable bio-logging data formats across all fields in animal ecology.
32 citations
University of Gothenburg1, University of Tasmania2, University of St Andrews3, Met Office4, University of California, Santa Cruz5, University of La Rochelle6, Macquarie University7, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation8, Norwegian Polar Institute9, University of Paris10, University of Exeter11, University of Barcelona12, University of California, San Diego13, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute14, Federal University of São Paulo15, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory16, University of Washington17, IFREMER18, Dalhousie University19, University of Tokyo20, University of Western Australia21, California Institute of Technology22, University of Pretoria23
TL;DR: The Animal Borne Ocean Sensors (AniBOS) network as discussed by the authors provides a complementary capability to other GOOS networks that monitor Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), essential climate variables (ECVs) and essential biodiversity variables (EBVs).
Abstract: Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal behavior and ecology. These data are an essential component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The Animal Borne Ocean Sensors (AniBOS) network aims to coordinate the long-term collection and delivery of marine data streams, providing a complementary capability to other GOOS networks that monitor Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), essential climate variables (ECVs) and essential biodiversity variables (EBVs). AniBOS augments observations of temperature and salinity within the upper ocean, in areas that are under-sampled, providing information that is urgently needed for an improved understanding of climate and ocean variability and for forecasting. Additionally, measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen concentrations are emerging. The observations AniBOS provides are used widely across the research, modeling and operational oceanographic communities. High latitude, shallow coastal shelves and tropical seas have historically been sampled poorly with traditional observing platforms for many reasons including sea ice presence, limited satellite coverage and logistical costs. Animal-borne sensors are helping to fill that gap by collecting and transmitting in near real time an average of 500 temperature-salinity-depth profiles per animal annually and, when instruments are recovered (∼30% of instruments deployed annually, n = 103 ± 34), up to 1,000 profiles per month in these regions. Increased observations from under-sampled regions greatly improve the accuracy and confidence in estimates of ocean state and improve studies of climate variability by delivering data that refine climate prediction estimates at regional and global scales. The GOOS Observations Coordination Group (OCG) reviews, advises on and coordinates activities across the global ocean observing networks to strengthen the effective implementation of the system. AniBOS was formally recognized in 2020 as a GOOS network. This improves our ability to observe the ocean’s structure and animals that live in them more comprehensively, concomitantly improving our understanding of global ocean and climate processes for societal benefit consistent with the UN Sustainability Goals 13 and 14: Climate and Life below Water. Working within the GOOS OCG framework ensures that AniBOS is an essential component of an integrated Global Ocean Observing System.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, satellite telemetry data from 29 male Orcinus orca were analyzed to assess whether their offshore foraging behavior is linked to herring distribution, and they concluded that NSS herring constitute an important prey resource for at least some killer whales in the northeastern Atlantic.
Abstract: Killer whales Orcinus orca have a cosmopolitan distribution with a broad diet ranging from fish to marine mammals. In Norway, killer whales are regularly observed feeding on overwintering Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring Clupea harengus inside the fjords. However, their offshore foraging behavior and distribution are less well understood. In particular, it is not known to what degree they rely on the NSS herring stock when the herring move to deeper offshore waters. Satellite telemetry data from 29 male killer whales were analyzed to assess whether their offshore foraging behavior is linked to herring distribution. Unlike most marine predator-prey studies that use indirect proxies for prey abundance and distribution, our study utilized 2 herring density estimates based on (1) direct observations from acoustic trawl survey data and (2) simulations from a fully coupled ecosystem model. Mixed effects models were used to infer the effect of herring density and light intensity on whale movement patterns. Our results suggest that killer whales follow NSS herring over long distances along the coast from their inshore overwintering areas to offshore spawning grounds. All whales changed from fast, directed, to slow, non-directed movement when herring density increased, although individuals had different propensities towards movement. Our data indicated that whales continue to feed on herring along the Norwegian shelf. We conclude that NSS herring constitute an important prey resource for at least some killer whales in the northeastern Atlantic, not only during the herring overwintering period, but also subsequently throughout the herring spawning migration.
18 citations
TL;DR: In the case of the southern elephant seal, the authors of as mentioned in this paper found that the intersexual differences in habitat use existed before the divergence in body size and that the amount of energy gained was the same in all of the major habitats.
Abstract: Partitioning resources is a key mechanism for avoiding intraspecific competition and maximizing individual energy gain However, in sexually dimorphic species it is difficult to discern if partitioning is due to competition or the different resource needs of morphologically distinct individuals In the highly dimorphic southern elephant seal, there are intersexual differences in habitat use; at Iles Kerguelen, males predominantly use shelf waters, while females use deeper oceanic waters There are equally marked intrasexual differences, with some males using the nearby Kerguelen Plateau, and others using the much more distant Antarctic continental shelf (~2,000 km away) We used this combination of inter and intrasexual behavior to test two hypotheses regarding habitat partitioning in highly dimorphic species (a) that intersexual differences in habitat use will not appear until the seals diverge in body size and (b) that some habitats have higher rates of energy return than others In particular, that the Antarctic shelf would provide higher energy returns than the Kerguelen Shelf, to offset the greater cost of travel We quantified the habitat use of 187 southern elephant seals (102 adult females and 85 subadult males) The seals in the two groups were the same size (~24 m) removing the confounding effect of body size We found that the intersexual differences in habitat use existed before the divergence in body size Also, we found that the amount of energy gained was the same in all of the major habitats This suggests that the use of shelf habitats by males is innate, and a trade‐off between the need to access the large benthic prey available on shelf waters, against the higher risk of predation there Intrasexual differences in habitat use are another trade‐off; although there are fewer predators on the Antarctic shelf, it is subject to considerable interannual fluctuations in sea‐ice extent In contrast, the Kerguelen Plateau presents more consistent foraging opportunities, but contains higher levels of predation Habitat partitioning in this highly dimorphic species is therefore the result of complex interplay of life history strategies, environmental conditions and predation pressure
10 citations
Macquarie University1, University of Tasmania2, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration3, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Paris6, University of California, Santa Cruz7, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution8, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation9, University of Canterbury10, Wellington Management Company11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adelie and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behavior.
Abstract: The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of animal foraging is often difficult to quantify. The most southerly breeding mammal, the Weddell seal, remains in the Antarctic pack-ice year-round. We compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adelie and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behaviour. Most Weddell seals remained in relatively small areas close to the coast throughout the winter, but some dispersed widely. Individual utilisation distributions (UDi, a measure of the total area used by an individual seal) ranged from 125 km2 to 20,825 km2. This variability was not due to size or sex but may be due to other intrinsic states for example reproductive condition or personality. The type of foraging (benthic vs pelagic) varied from 56.6 ±14.9% benthic dives in Prydz Bay through 42.1 ± 9.4% Terre Adelie to only 25.1 ± 8.7% in the Ross Sea reflecting regional hydrographic structure. The probability of benthic diving was less likely the deeper the ocean. Ocean topography was also influential at the population level; seals from Terre Adelie, with its relatively narrow continental shelf, had a core (50%) UD of only 200km2, considerably smaller than the Ross Sea (1650 km2) and Prydz Bay (1700 km2). Sea ice concentration had little influence on the time the seals spent in shallow coastal waters, but in deeper offshore water they used areas of higher ice concentration. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Ross Sea encompass all the observed Weddell seal habitat, and future MPAs that include the Antarctic continental shelf are likely to effectively protect key Weddell seal habitat.
6 citations