THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

正しい方法がわかる臨床基本手技 : from the New England journal of medicine

New generation adsorbents for water treatment.

Large-scale electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation requires better catalysts to lower the kinetic barriers associated with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although most OER catalysts are based on crystalline mixed-metal oxides, high activities can also be achieved with amorphous phases. Methods for producing amorphous materials, however, are not typically amenable to mixed-metal compositions. We demonstrate that a low-temperature process, photochemical metal-organic deposition, can produce amorphous (mixed) metal oxide films for OER catalysis. The films contain a homogeneous distribution of metals with compositions that can be accurately controlled. The catalytic properties of amorphous iron oxide prepared with this technique are superior to those of hematite, whereas the catalytic properties of a-Fe100-y-zCoyNizOx are comparable to those of noble metal oxide catalysts currently used in commercial electrolyzers.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2013/03/27/science.1233638.full.pdf

Photochemical Route for Accessing Amorphous Metal Oxide Materials for Water Oxidation Catalysis

Control of spontaneously emitted light lies at the heart of quantum optics. It is essential for diverse applications ranging from miniature lasers and light-emitting diodes, to single-photon sources for quantum information, and to solar energy harvesting. To explore such new quantum optics applications, a suitably tailored dielectric environment is required in which the vacuum fluctuations that control spontaneous emission can be manipulated. Photonic crystals provide such an environment: they strongly modify the vacuum fluctuations, causing the decay of emitted light to be accelerated or slowed down, to reveal unusual statistics, or to be completely inhibited in the ideal case of a photonic bandgap. Here we study spontaneous emission from semiconductor quantum dots embedded in inverse opal photonic crystals. We show that the spectral distribution and time-dependent decay of light emitted from excitons confined in the quantum dots are controlled by the host photonic crystal. Modified emission is observed over large frequency bandwidths of 10%, orders of magnitude larger than reported for resonant optical microcavities. Both inhibited and enhanced decay rates are observed depending on the optical emission frequency, and they are controlled by the crystals’ lattice parameter. Our experimental results provide a basis for all-solid-state dynamic control
of optical quantum systems.

Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals

A 37-year-old woman presented to the chest clinic with recurrent, mild haemoptysis for the last 6 months. There was no other significant history. Physical examination was unremarkable. Her haematological and biochemical parameters were within normal limits. A chest radiograph showed well-defined nodules in both lungs. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed multiple lobulated nodules of varying sizes in both lungs,predominantlyperipherally(Figs. 1,2).A fewnodules showed focal, punctate calcifications. Therewere no pleural or pericardial effusions or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy showed no endobronchial lesion. A percutaneous CT-guided core biopsy was obtained from the middle lobe lung nodule. Histologically, the specimens contained acidophilic, amorphous, homogeneous material with a few foreign body giant cells, histiocytes and fibroblasts. Congo red staining gave an orange colour with apple green birefringence under polarized microscopy, features pathognomonic of amyloidosis (Fig. 3). In addition there were areas of necrosis and dystrophic calcification. The patient’s course after biopsy was uneventful. Serial chest radiographs have not shown any enlargement of the lesions as of 12 months after the biopsy and her haemoptysis has resolved. A detailed clinical and radiological evaluation was normal. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation were normal with no monoclonal bands. Bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry were normal. There was no evidence of underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. An echocardiogram was within normal limits. Biopsies from the subcutaneous fat and rectal mucosa did not show any abnormality. Hence the diagnosis of isolated, nodular pulmonary amyloidosis was made. The respiratory tract is rarely the site of localized tracheobronchial or nodular amyloid deposits and is more often a part of widespread amyloid deposition involving many organs. There are three types of localized amyloidosis: tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal and diffuse interstitial. Primary nodular amyloid lesions of the lung are uncommon and are not usually associatedwith primary Figure 1 Computed tomography scan of chest (lung window settings) shows multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules with lobulated margins, mainly located peripherally. Figure 2 Non-contrast computed tomography scan of chest (mediastinal window settings) shows focal punctate calcifications within a nodule in the right paracardiac location. Purpura fulminans in SLE

Isolated nodular pulmonary amyloidosis

Ultrasonic attenuation studies can be used to characterize material not only after production but during processing as well. The most important causes of ultrasonic attenuation in solids are electron-phonon, phonon-phonon interaction and that due to thermo elastic relaxation. The two dominant processes that will give rise to appreciable ultrasonic attenuation at higher temperature are the phonon-phonon interaction also known as Akhiezer loss and that due to thermo elastic relaxation are observed in calcium oxide crystal. At frequencies of ultrasonic range and at higher temperatures in solids, phonon-phonon interaction mechanism is dominating cause for attenuation. Ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction (α/f 2 )p-p and thermo elastic relaxation (α/f 2 )th are evaluated in Calcium Oxide crystal up to an elevated temperature from 100 K - 1500 K along , and crystallographic directions. Temperature dependence of ultrasonic attenuation along different crystallographic direction reveals some typical characteristic features.

/pdf/ultrasonic-attenuation-in-calcium-oxide-58fvy1ra28.pdf

Ultrasonic Attenuation in Calcium Oxide

Impact of quantum dot parameters on the performance of p-type quantum dot infrared photodetectors

spectrometry. These were compared with the permissible levels set by the WHO and FAO .Results showed that the levels of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Iran (Fe) ranged from 0.036±0.025 to 0.117±0.112; 0.152±0.097 to 0.281±0.163; 0.196±0.209 to 0.611±0.238; 0.501±0.365 to 0.896±0.98 and 11.551±3.144 to 14.833±3.385 µg/g, respectively. The obtained heavy metal levels were found to be within the acceptable limit which is an indicator that the leafy vegetables in Jhansi area are safe for consumption without the risk of environmental toxicants.

Level of heavy metal concentrations in some leafy vegetables locally available in the markets of Jhansi, Bundelkhand Region

The effects of temperature and the electric field on the characteristics of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) have been investigated theoretically. A complete three level rate equation model considering all the scattering events has been proposed. The analytical expression for the threshold current density has been derived and the effects of temperature and the electric field are examined. The rate equation model is further used to analyze the population and photon number dynamics present within the cavity of a QCL and the effects of temperature and the electric field on the laser dynamics are investigated numerically.

Jitendra Kumar

Papers

Isolated nodular pulmonary amyloidosis

Ultrasonic Attenuation in Calcium Oxide

Impact of quantum dot parameters on the performance of p-type quantum dot infrared photodetectors

Level of heavy metal concentrations in some leafy vegetables locally available in the markets of Jhansi, Bundelkhand Region

Analysis of the effects of temperature and the electric field on quantum cascade laser characteristics