Teresa Zelante

TL;DR: A metabolic pathway whereby Trp metabolites from the microbiota balance mucosal reactivity in mice is described, whereby highly adaptive lactobacilli are expanded and produce an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-indole-3-aldehyde-that contributes to AhR-dependent Il22 transcription.

TL;DR: The demonstration of mouse and human DC subsets specialized in driving IL-17 responses highlights the conservation of key immune functions across species and will facilitate the translation of mouse in vivo findings to advance DC-based clinical therapies.

TL;DR: The data are the first demonstrating that the IL‐23/IL‐17 pathway promotes inflammation and susceptibility in an infectious disease model and modulation of the inflammatory response represents a potential strategy to stimulate protective immune responses to fungi.

TL;DR: It was found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.

TL;DR: It is shown that a superoxide-dependent step in tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is blocked in CGD mice with lethal pulmonary aspergillosis, leading to unrestrained Vγ1+ γδ T-cell reactivity, dominant production of interleukin (IL)-17, defective regulatory T- cell activity and acute inflammatory lung injury.