Showing papers by "Yu Huang published in 2022"
TL;DR: Yan et al. as discussed by the authors designed van der Waals thin films consisting of staggered two-dimensional nanosheets with bond-free van derWaals interfaces, which can conformally stretch and adapt to soft tissues.
Abstract: The conformal integration of electronic systems with irregular, soft objects is essential for many emerging technologies. We report the design of van der Waals thin films consisting of staggered two-dimensional nanosheets with bond-free van der Waals interfaces. The films feature sliding and rotation degrees of freedom among the staggered nanosheets to ensure mechanical stretchability and malleability, as well as a percolating network of nanochannels to endow permeability and breathability. With an excellent mechanical match to soft biological tissues, the freestanding films can naturally adapt to local surface topographies and seamlessly merge with living organisms with highly conformal interfaces, rendering living organisms with electronic functions, including leaf-gate and skin-gate transistors. On-skin transistors allow high-fidelity monitoring and local amplification of skin potentials and electrophysiological signals. Description Weaker interfaces enable conformal films Rigid materials become more flexible when cast as thin sheets, but they will still bump and buckle when subjected to in-plane rotation or twisting motions and thus cannot conformally cover a curved and mobile surface. Yan et al. formed roughly 10-nanometer-thick freestanding sheets by spin coating films containing flakes of semiconducting materials. The flakes attract each other through bond-free van der Waals interfaces to enable mechanical stretchability and malleability as well as permeability and breathability. These properties make them suitable for bioelectronic membranes that can monitor and amplify a range of electrophysiological signals, including demonstrations of electrocardiography and electroencephalography. —MSL Freestanding nanosheet films show interlayer sliding and rotation and can conformally stretch and adapt to soft tissues.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a laser-induced ablation-assisted grinding (LIAAG) method was proposed for continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, which used lasers to ablate workpieces before grinding.
51 citations
50 citations
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a brief overview of the challenges associated with the anode alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) in alkaline electrolyte, the key performance metrics, and the evaluation protocols for benchmarking AOR electrocatalysts are presented, followed by a summary of the recent advances in the noble metal based AOR (P, Pd and Rh) with an emphasis on the design criteria for improving the specific activity and electrochemical surface area to ultimately deliver high MA while at the same time ensuring long term durability.
Abstract: Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells (ADAFCs) represent an attractive alternative to hydrogen fuel cells for the more convenient storage, transportation, and lower cost of alcohols (e.g., methanol and ethanol) when compared with compressed hydrogen. However, the anode alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) is generally plagued with high overpotential and sluggish kinetics, and often requires noble metal‐based electrocatalysts to accelerate the reaction kinetics. To this end, the development of efficient AOR electrocatalysts with high mass activity (MA), high durability, high Faradaic efficiency (FE), and low overpotential is central for realizing practical ADAFCs. Here, in this minireview, a brief introduction of the fundamental challenges associated with AOR in alkaline electrolyte, the key performance metrics, and the evaluation protocols for benchmarking AOR electrocatalysts are presented, followed by a summary of the recent advances in the noble‐metal based AOR electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt, Pd, and Rh) with an emphasis on the design criteria for improving the specific activity and electrochemical surface area to ultimately deliver high MA while at the same time ensuring long term durability. The strategies to enhance FE and lower overpotential will also be discussed. Last, it is concluded with a brief perspective on the key challenges and future opportunities.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the role of different cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an electrical transport spectrography approach.
Abstract: The platinum-catalysed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) generally shows poorer kinetics in alkaline electrolyte and represents a key challenge for alkaline water electrolysis. In the presence of alkali metal cations and hydroxyl anions, the electrode–electrolyte (platinum–water) interface in an alkaline electrolyte is far more complex than that in an acidic electrolyte. Here we combine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an electrical transport spectroscopy approach to probe and understand the fundamental role of different cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) in HER kinetics. Our integrated studies suggest that the alkali metal cations play an indirect role in modifying the HER kinetics, with the smaller cations being less destabilizing to the hydroxyl adsorbate (OHad) species in the HER potential window, which favours a higher coverage of OHad on the platinum surface. The surface OHad species are highly polar and act as both electronically favoured proton acceptors and geometrically favoured proton donors to promote water dissociation in alkaline media, thus boosting the Volmer-step kinetics and the HER activity. Platinum is the most active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, but the specific mechanism and the influence of the alkali metal cations remain elusive in alkaline media. Now, electrical transport spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are combined to elucidate the role of alkali metal cations for this reaction in alkaline electrolyte.
34 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that retinal age gap might be a potential biomarker of ageing that is closely related to risk of mortality, implying the potential of retinal image as a screening tool for risk stratification and delivery of tailored interventions.
Abstract: Aim To develop a deep learning (DL) model that predicts age from fundus images (retinal age) and to investigate the association between retinal age gap (retinal age predicted by DL model minus chronological age) and mortality risk. Methods A total of 80 169 fundus images taken from 46 969 participants in the UK Biobank with reasonable quality were included in this study. Of these, 19 200 fundus images from 11 052 participants without prior medical history at the baseline examination were used to train and validate the DL model for age prediction using fivefold cross-validation. A total of 35 913 of the remaining 35 917 participants had available mortality data and were used to investigate the association between retinal age gap and mortality. Results The DL model achieved a strong correlation of 0.81 (p<0·001) between retinal age and chronological age, and an overall mean absolute error of 3.55 years. Cox regression models showed that each 1 year increase in the retinal age gap was associated with a 2% increase in risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p=0.020) and a 3% increase in risk of cause-specific mortality attributable to non-cardiovascular and non-cancer disease (HR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05, p=0.041) after multivariable adjustments. No significant association was identified between retinal age gap and cardiovascular- or cancer-related mortality. Conclusions Our findings indicate that retinal age gap might be a potential biomarker of ageing that is closely related to risk of mortality, implying the potential of retinal image as a screening tool for risk stratification and delivery of tailored interventions.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated endothelial dysfunction and the likely pathological mechanisms underlying the disease including direct cell entry or indirect immune overreactions after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an electroplated diamond abrasive belt (EDAB) was used to grind Inconel718 and investigated its wear evolution and corresponding grinding surface integrity, and it was revealed that EDAB showed stable grinding performance, and the wear mechanism in initial, steady, and final wear stage was primarily micro cleavage fracture and adhesive wear, respectively.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a modified Cornet model for light transmission in microalgal suspensions is established by comprehensively considering cell concentrations, pigment components, and light spectra, which better fits experimental data with a higher adjusted R2 than the model that is based only on cell concentration.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the recent advances in mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is presented, highlighting the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechanoregulated signaling molecules.
TL;DR: In this paper , a heat transfer model of LBW integrated with PCM was built and validated, and the influence rules and contribution efficiency of PCM parameters on the thermal performance of lightweight building walls (LBW) with different R wt were analyzed and evaluated by numerical simulation.
TL;DR: In this paper , a composite full-spectrum Bi@Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 with rich-oxygen vacancy (OVs) was fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal method, which not only benefited the adsorption and photocatalytic activation of NO but broadened light absorption to near infrared.
Abstract: Developing full-spectrum responsive and efficient photocatalysts is still important challenge in the field of photocatalytic treatment of trace environmental pollutants. Herein, full-spectrum Bi@Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 with rich-oxygen vacancy (OVs) were fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal method. The optimized composite photocatalyst exhibited a photocatalytic efficiency of 79%, more than doubled higher than that of its counterpart, Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 (31.79%), for removing ppb-level NO under visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the co-effect of Bi and OVs reveal by control experiments and theoretical calculations, which not only benefited the adsorption and photocatalytic activation of NO but broadened light absorption to near infrared. Furthermore, the adsorption and photocatalytic conversion pathway of NO was explored by in situ DRIFTS, suggesting that NO + as intermediate species is crucial to improve the selectivity of NO converting to nitrate. This work provides a new perspective of constructing full-spectrum-driven photocatalysts for environment remediation. Full-spectrum responsive Bi@Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 -OV with plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancies exhibited a photocatalytic efficiency of 79% for removing ppb-level NO, more than doubled higher than that of its counterpart (Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 , 31.79%). The synergistic effect of plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancies not only improved the adsorption and photocatalytic activation of NO but broadened light absorption to near infrared, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance. • Full-spectrum Bi@Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 -OV exhibited efficient photocatalytic removal of NO. • The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to co-effect of Bi and OVs. • The photocatalytic mechenism and pathway were proposed by in situ DRIFTS.
TL;DR: In this article, strontium (Sr)-doped TiO2−x−OV catalysts were designed and synthesized with comparable HCHO removal performance, and the results proved that foreign-element doping reduced Ti4+ to the lower oxidation state Ti(4−x)+, and that the internal charge kinetics was largely facilitated by the unbalanced electron distribution.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This work interviews 15 NFT creators from nine different countries and presents results of an exploratory qualitative study in which participants had nuanced feelings about NFTs and their communities.
Abstract: NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) are blockchain-based cryptographic tokens to represent ownership of unique content such as images, videos, or 3D objects. Despite NFTs' increasing popularity and skyrocketing trading prices, little is known about people's perceptions of and experiences with NFTs. In this work, we focus on NFT creators and present results of an exploratory qualitative study in which we interviewed 15 NFT creators from nine different countries. Our participants had nuanced feelings about NFTs and their communities. We found that most of our participants were enthusiastic about the underlying technologies and how they empower individuals to express their creativity and pursue new business models of content creation. Our participants also gave kudos to the NFT communities that have supported them to learn, collaborate, and grow in their NFT endeavors. However, these positivities were juxtaposed by their accounts of the many challenges that they encountered and thorny issues that the NFT ecosystem is grappling with around ownership of digital content, low-quality NFTs, scams, possible money laundering, and regulations. We discuss how the built-in properties (e.g., decentralization) of blockchains and NFTs might have contributed to some of these issues. We present design implications on how to improve the NFT ecosystem (e.g., making NFTs even more accessible to newcomers and the broader population).
TL;DR: This paper showed that human ECs barely express surface ACE2, and ECs express less intracellular ACE2 than non-ECs of the lungs, and showed that ACE2-deficient ECs respond to SARS-CoV-2 through TLR4 as treatment with its antagonist inhibits p38 MAPK/NF-κB/IL-1β activation after viral exposure.
Abstract: To date, the direct causative mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced endotheliitis remains unclear. Here, we report that human ECs barely express surface ACE2, and ECs express less intracellular ACE2 than non-ECs of the lungs. We ectopically expressed ACE2 in hESC-ECs to model SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACE2-deficient ECs are resistant to the infection but are more activated than ACE2-expressing ones. The virus directly induces endothelial activation by increasing monocyte adhesion, NO production, and enhanced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and eNOS in ACE2-expressing and -deficient ECs. ACE2-deficient ECs respond to SARS-CoV-2 through TLR4 as treatment with its antagonist inhibits p38 MAPK/NF-κB/ interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activation after viral exposure. Genome-wide, single-cell RNA-seq analyses further confirm activation of the TLR4/MAPK14/RELA/IL-1β axis in circulating ECs of mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Circulating ECs could serve as biomarkers for indicating patients with endotheliitis. Together, our findings support a direct role for SARS-CoV-2 in mediating endothelial inflammation in an ACE2-dependent or -independent manner.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized the design and application, proposed challenges and opportunities, and laid a foundation for further research and application of 2D materials confining single atoms for CO2 photoreduction.
TL;DR:
Abstract: Abstract Introduction retinal age derived from fundus images using deep learning has been verified as a novel biomarker of ageing. We aim to investigate the association between retinal age gap (retinal age–chronological age) and incident Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods a deep learning (DL) model trained on 19,200 fundus images of 11,052 chronic disease-free participants was used to predict retinal age. Retinal age gap was generated by the trained DL model for the remaining 35,834 participants free of PD at the baseline assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilised to investigate the association between retinal age gap and incident PD. Multivariable logistic model was applied for prediction of 5-year PD risk and area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) was used to estimate the predictive value. Results a total of 35,834 participants (56.7 ± 8.04 years, 55.7% female) free of PD at baseline were included in the present analysis. After adjustment of confounding factors, 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 10% increase in risk of PD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.20, P = 0.023). Compared with the lowest quartile of the retinal age gap, the risk of PD was significantly increased in the third and fourth quartiles (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.13–6.22, P = 0.024; HR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.59–14.8, P = 0.005, respectively). The predictive value of retinal age and established risk factors for 5-year PD risk were comparable (AUC = 0.708 and 0.717, P = 0.821). Conclusion retinal age gap demonstrated a potential for identifying individuals at a high risk of developing future PD.
TL;DR: In this article , a recent update on the therapeutic values of pharmacological agents, such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors, bone morphogenic protein 4 inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonists, and glucagon-like peptide 1-elevating drugs, and the physiological factors, particularly hemodynamic forces, that improve endothelial function by targeting endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation.
TL;DR: In this paper , the catalytic performance in photoenzymatic decarboxylation reactions between recombinant Escherichia coli cells containing Chlorella variabilis NC64A (Cv[email protected]E. coli) and broken cells (cvFAP BCs) was compared under various catalytic conditions for the first time.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an interview study with online users who followed different virtual influencers on Instagram beyond the fashion application domain and found that the followers are attracted to VIs due to a unique mixture of visual appeal, sense of mystery, and creative storytelling that sets VI content apart from that of real human influencers.
Abstract: Virtual Influencers (VIs) are computer-generated characters, many of which are often visually indistinguishable from humans and interact with the world in the first-person perspective as social media influencers. They are gaining popularity by creating content in various areas, including fashion, music, art, sports, games, environmental sustainability, and mental health. Marketing firms and brands increasingly use them to capitalise on their millions of followers. Yet, little is known about what prompts people to engage with these digital beings. In this paper, we present our interview study with online users who followed different VIs on Instagram beyond the fashion application domain. Our findings show that the followers are attracted to VIs due to a unique mixture of visual appeal, sense of mystery, and creative storytelling that sets VI content apart from that of real human influencers. Specifically, VI content enables digital artists and content creators by removing the constraints of bodies and physical features. The followers not only perceived VIs' rising popularity in commercial industries, but also are supportive of VI involvement in non-commercial causes and campaigns. However, followers are reluctant to attribute trustworthiness to VIs in general though they display trust in limited domains, e.g., technology, music, games, and art. This research highlights VI's potential as innovative digital content, carrying influence and employing more varied creators, an appeal that could be harnessed by diverse industries and also by public interest organisations.
TL;DR: The present study reveals that mtROS-induced eNOS monomerization is closely associated with the impaired TFEB-autophagic flux axis leading to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice.
Abstract: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) monomerization and uncoupling play crucial roles in mediating vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus although the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Growing evidence indicates that autophagic dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic endothelial dysfunction, however, whether autophagy regulates eNOS activity through controlling eNOS monomerization/dimerization remains elusive. The present study shows that autophagic flux was impaired in the endothelium of diabetic db/db mice and in human endothelial cells exposed to advanced glycation end products or oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 were sufficient to induce eNOS monomerization and lowers nitric oxide bioavailability through raising mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Restoration of autophagic flux by overexpressing transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, decreased endothelial cell oxidative stress, increased eNOS dimerization and improved endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDR) in db/db mouse aortas. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) increased TFEB nuclear localization, reduced mtROS accumulation, facilitated eNOS dimerization, and enhanced EDR in db/db mice. Moreover, calorie restriction also elevated TFEB expression, improved autophagic flux, and restored EDR in the aortas of db/db mice. Taken together, the present study reveals that mtROS-induced eNOS monomerization is closely associated with the impaired TFEB-autophagic flux axis leading to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice.
TL;DR: In this article, the photo-excited charge separation, O2 activation and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated for photo-oxidative NOx removal, and the depolarization field of ferroelectric BTO NF significantly promoted bulk charge separation.
Abstract: Photo-oxidative NOx removal often encountered with sluggish charge carrier separation kinetics and poor selectivity. Herein, Pd/ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 nanoflakes (Pd/BTO NF) were constructed to investigate the photo-excited charge separation, O2 activation and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dictating NO removal. Results showed that the depolarization field of ferroelectric BTO NF significantly promoted bulk charge separation, leading to boosted NO removal reaction kinetics (10 times higher) for Pd/BTO NF comparing with Pd/TiO2. Revealed by electronic paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenging tests, it is observed that the primary O2 activation species differed among Pd, Ag and Pt supported BTO NF photocatalysts, which resulted in different selectivity. The underlying mechanism of NO photo-oxidative conversion pathway was studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. This work illustrate that metal/ferroelectric interfaces can be tuned to obtain differing O2 activation species, and notable selectivity changes in photocatalysis mediated environmental remediation reactions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the minimum width of the groove and the heat affected zone were obtained by regulating the heat generation process at room temperature, 67.1 ± 1.7μm and 6.8 ± 0.8μm, respectively.
Abstract: Laser precision cutting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films technology will greatly promote development of flexible electronics industry. However, mechanism and optimization method of PDMS films laser cutting is still unclear. On one hand, mechanism of ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond laser precision cutting of PDMS films with laser ablation as the core was explored based on analysis of by-product components. On the other hand, laser cutting quality optimization method of heat generation- diffusion co-regulation was proposed based on the mechanism of laser ablation. The minimum width of the groove and the heat affected zone were obtained by regulating the heat generation process at room temperature, 67.1 ± 1.7 μm and 6.8 ± 0.8 μm, respectively. In addition, the heat diffusion process can be regulated by lowering ambient temperature to further optimize the quality of cut. Using this optimization method, a spring-shape flexible electrode was prepared, and circumferential stretch limit of this spring-shape flexible electrode has been increased from 10% to 150% compared with planar PDMS film flexible electrodes.
TL;DR: In this article , the formation mechanisms, properties, and applications of bio-based carbon quantum dots (CDs) comprehensively were reviewed from the perspective of biomass (such as lignocellulosic biomass and algae) and its model compositions.