Georgetown University

About: Georgetown University is a education organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 23377 authors who have published 43718 publications receiving 1748598 citations. The organization is also known as: GU & Georgetown.

Life Expectancy of Persons Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Low-Income Countries: A Cohort Analysis From Uganda

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To estimate life expectancy of patients once they initiate cART in Uganda. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Public sector HIV and AIDS disease-management program in Uganda. PATIENTS: 22 315 eligible patients initiated cART during the study period of whom 1943 were considered to have died. MEASUREMENTS: All-cause mortality rates were calculated and abridged life tables were constructed and stratified by sex and baseline CD4 cell count status to estimate life expectancies for patients receiving cART. The average number of years remaining to be lived by patients who received cART at varying age categories was estimated. RESULTS: After adjustment for loss to follow-up crude mortality rates (deaths per 1000 person-years) ranged from 26.9 (95% CI 25.4 to 28.5) in women to 43.9 (CI 40.7 to 47.0) in men. For patients with a baseline CD4 cell count less than 0.050 x 10(9) cells/L the mortality rate was 67.3 (CI 62.1 to 72.9) deaths per 1000 person-years whereas among persons with a baseline CD4 cell count of 0.250 x 10(9) cells/L or more the mortality rate was 19.1 (CI 16.0 to 22.7) deaths per 1000 person-years. Life expectancy at age 20 years for the overall cohort was 26.7 (CI 25.0 to 28.4) additional years and at age 35 years was 27.9 (CI 26.7 to 29.1) additional years. Life expectancy increased substantially with increasing baseline CD4 cell count. Similar trends are observed for older age groups. LIMITATIONS: A small (6.4%) proportion of patients were lost to follow-up and it was imputed that 30% of these patients had died. Few patients with a CD4 cell count greater than 0.250 x 10(9) cells/L initiated cART. CONCLUSION: Ugandan patients receiving cART can expect an almost normal life expectancy although there is considerable variability among subgroups of patients. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Infarct Size After Acute Myocardial Infarction Measured by Quantitative Tomographic 99mTc Sestamibi Imaging Predicts Subsequent Mortality

Abstract: Background 99mTc sestamibi is a recently developed radioisotope that has been used to measure myocardium at risk and infarct size. The relation between these measurements and subsequent patient out...

Does the welfare state affect individual attitudes toward immigrants? evidence across countries

Abstract: This paper analyzes welfare-state determinants of individual attitudes toward immigrants—within and across countries—and their interaction with labor market drivers of preferences. We consider two mechanisms through which a redistributive welfare system might adjust as a result of immigration. Under the first model, immigration has a larger impact on high-income individuals, while under the second one low-income individuals are those most affected. Individual attitudes are consistent with the first welfare-state model and with labor market determinants. In countries where immigration is unskilled, income is negatively correlated with pro-immigration preferences, while skill is positively correlated with them. These relationships are reversed in economies characterized by skilled migration.

Probabilistic Interpretation of Population Codes

Abstract: We present a theoretical framework for population codes which generalizes naturally to the important case where the population provides information about a whole probability distribution over an underlying quantity rather than just a single value. We use the framework to analyze two existing models, and to suggest and evaluate a third model for encoding such probability distributions.

The treatment of Wilms' Tumor: Results of the second national Wilms' Tumor study

Abstract: One-hundred-eighty-eight children up to 16 years of age were randomized in the second National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) with tumors that were confined to the kidney and that had been totally excised (Group I). Most fared well whether treated for six or for 15 months with both actinomycin D (AMD) and vincristine (VCR). No postoperative radiation therapy (RT) was given. The two-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and two-year survival rates were 88 and 95%, respectively. Two-hundred-sixty-eight randomized patients with more advanced local lesions (Groups II and III) and 57 with distant metastases (Group IV) had postoperative RT and were scheduled for 15 months treatment with either AMD and VCR (Reg. C) or AMD plus VCR plus Adriamycin (Reg. D). The 77% two-year RFS rate for Reg. D was significantly different from the 63% with Reg. C. As in the first NWTS, patients with tumors of unfavorable histology (UH) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with favorable histology (FH), as did those with positive nodes. Survival rates at two years were 54% for UH vs. 90% for FH, and 54% vs. 82% for those with and without lymph node involvement.