Showing papers by "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai published in 1972"
220 citations
TL;DR: Ipsilateral horizontal eye movements were induced in monkeys at short latency by electrical stimulation of the paramedian zone of the pontine reticular formation (PPRF) and activity induced by the stimulating pulses appeared to have been mathematically integrated.
216 citations
TL;DR: Spatial contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency was measured in patients with cerebral lesions, finding that in most of these patients visual acuity was 20/30 or better, yet marked departures from normal contrast sensitivity were found.
Abstract: Spatial contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency was measured in patients with cerebral lesions. In most of these patients visual acuity, as measured by the Snellen chart, was 20/30 or better, yet marked departures from normal contrast sensitivity were found. The greatest loss in contrast sensitivity occurred at high frequencies, but in one patient the loss was greatest in the midfrequency range. This finding lends support to the channel hypothesis of spatial contrast discrimination.
203 citations
TL;DR: Repeated administration of ethanol for 28 days increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity and produced ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of human volunteers, suggesting that alcoholic myopathy results from ethanol toxicity, rather than from nutritional or other factors.
Abstract: Repeated administration of ethanol (42 percent of total calories) for 28 days increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity and produced ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of human volunteers. The data suggest that alcoholic myopathy results from ethanol toxicity, rather than from nutritional or other factors.
166 citations
TL;DR: If the thrombogenic theory of atherosclerosis is valid, platelet aggregation induced by catecholamines may be the mechanism whereby arteriosclerotic heart disease is related to stress.
Abstract: Aggregated platelets and occlusive platelet thrombi were found in small myocardial vessels of dogs on electron-microscope examination after prolonged infusion of norepinephrine. The etiology of the myocardial necrosis and fibrosis induced by catecholamines in experimental animals and seen in patients with pheochromocytoma and patients after norepinephrine treatment for shock may be related to this intravascular platelet-aggregating effect of catecholamines. The link between stress and acute myocardial infarction may be via catecholamine-induced intravascular platelet thrombosis. If the thrombogenic theory of atherosclerosis is valid, platelet aggregation induced by catecholamines may be the mechanism whereby arteriosclerotic heart disease is related to stress.
132 citations
TL;DR: Oculomotor dysfunction tended to be more severe in cases where other concomitant features of Parkinsonism were very prominent, despite improvement in other Parkinsonian features in many of the patients.
130 citations
TL;DR: Activity of collagen proline hydroxylase in the liver is stimulated, and incorporation of proline into collagen hydroxyproline in rat liver slices is significantly enhanced, indicating that increased synthesis is responsible, in part, for the collagen accumulation.
Abstract: Long-term ethanol feeding causes collagen accumulation in livers of rats and baboons. Activity of collagen proline hydroxylase in the liver is also stimulated, and incorporation of proline into collagen hydroxyproline in rat liver slices is significantly enhanced, a result indicating that increased synthesis is responsible, in part, for the collagen accumulation.
121 citations
TL;DR: Plasmas from patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and extracts from the jejunum obtained post-mortem contain a minor component of immunoreactive gastrin of considerably greater size than heptadecapeptide gastrin and the previously described “big” gastrin.
121 citations
TL;DR: A separation of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) from alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase in rat liver microsomes is described and three components may play a role in the associated enhancement of MEOS activity.
118 citations
TL;DR: The degree of anxiety and depression in these patients was the basis for discussion of what helped them to function and a series of mechanisms of defense was found to be in use.
Abstract: Much discussion of the management of patients with cancer centers on what to tell the patient about his diagnosis. The more basic issue of what the patient already knows has not often been considered.Fifty patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist as they registered for treatment at the Radiotherapy Center of the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. All had cancer. Forty (80 per cent) correctly gave their own diagnosis.These 40 patients were not told of their diagnosis by their physicians. How they learned they had cancer and how they reacted to that knowledge was the focus of this study.The degree of anxiety and depression in these patients was the basis for discussion of what helped them to function. A series of mechanisms of defense was found to be in use. None of these patients had attempted suicide, despite knowledge that they had cancer.The interrelationship of neuroses existing prior to the diagnosis of cancer, with emotional reactions to that diagnosis, was noted in 7 patients. Only 1 subject devel...
104 citations
TL;DR: Findings of mesothelioma among individuals living in the vicinity of asbestos plants suggested that asbestos air pollution might occur, and occurrence of asbestos airpollution is now established.
Abstract: Findings of mesothelioma among individuals living in the vicinity of asbestos plants suggested that asbestos air pollution might occur. Measurement of asbestos (chrysotile) content of ambient air in New York City and other locations showed levels of 10 to 50 × 10-9 gm/cu m, and lungs of New York residents examined at autopsy regularly showed chrysotile fibrils. Occurrence of asbestos air pollution is now established. What have not yet been defined, however, are the dimensions of disease hazard which may be associated. Epidemiological considerations suggest that it is improper to equate the several kinds of asbestos exposure: direct occupational, indirect occupational, exposure in family circumstances, neighborhood contamination, and general community asbestos air pollution. Since most urban air pollution is derived from commercial and industrial sources, the asbestos industry has both important responsibility and opportunity for its control.
TL;DR: The mortality experience of a group of 230 men previously employed in an amosite asbestos factory was studied, and total deaths were more than twice the number anticipated: 46.4 were expected, and 105 occurred.
Abstract: Few data exist concerning the comparative neoplastic potential in man of the several kinds of asbestos. In particular, there has been no evidence concerning whether the amosite variety is carcinogenic. The matter is of practical importance, since amosite use in the United States has sharply increased. The mortality experience of a group of 230 men previously employed in an amosite asbestos factory was studied during the years 1960 through 1971. Total deaths were more than twice the number anticipated: 46.4 were expected, and 105 occurred. Some 14 deaths were due to asbestosis. Both lung cancer and mesothelioma were found in considerable excess. Two or three deaths from lung cancer were expected, and 25 occurred. There were five deaths from mesothelioma. Occupational exposure to amosite asbestos can be associated with serious cancer hazard; its continued industrial use requires rigorous control.
TL;DR: It is felt that the greater complication rate should result in reserving venous catheterization to those instances when use of the arterial route has proved impossible and an indwelling catheter is clearly needed.
TL;DR: Rentention of a passive avoidance response in mice was impaired when scopolamine (10 mg/kg) was administered immediately after training and the modulatory role of cholinergic processes in the storage of memories was discussed in terms of a modulatory roles in thestorage of memories.
TL;DR: No clearcut conclusions can be drawn from plain radiographs, with the exception of evidence of small-bowel obstruction that strongly suggests volvulus and possible intestinal ischemia.
TL;DR: In this article, isolated papillary and ventricular muscle bundles from human, guinea pig and rat hearts were analyzed for increased stimulation frequency, and the authors found that increasing frequency was accompanied by decreased contractile tension and velocities to a limit in rat and markedly hypertrophied adult human myocardium; but by increased contractile tensor tension and velocity to the limit in guinea pigs, late fetal human, and minimally hypertrophic adults.
Abstract: Contractile responses to increased stimulation frequency were analyzed in isolated papillary and ventricular muscle bundles from human, guinea pig and rat hearts. Contractile tension and velocity of tension development and release were recorded while changes in frequency were made. The following were calculated for each frequency; duration of the phases of accelerating (I) and decelerating (II) contraction, and accelerating (III) and decelerating (IV) relaxation; tension at end of phases I, II and III; and instantaneous velocities at the midpoint of phase I, and at the end of phases I and III. Increasing frequency was accompanied by decreased contractile tension and velocities to a limit in rat and markedly hypertrophied adult human myocardium; but by increased contractile tension and velocities to a limit in guinea pig, late fetal human, and minimally hypertrophied adult human myocardium. The observations support the hypothesis that peak contractile tension development depends on phase I velocity and phase II duration.
TL;DR: Electroplax microsomes enriched in sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase are found to catalyze sodium-stimulated, potassium-inhibited hydrolysis of UTP, and it is concluded that the UTP phosphorylation site is identical with that reactive with ATP and that the same phosphopeptide is involved in the Na+- Stimulated hydrolytic reactions.
TL;DR: It is postulate that the minimum active unit for the viral A(2) neuraminidase is a tetramer composed of two NA(1) and two NA (2) subunits.
Abstract: Neuraminidase activity of influenza virus was directly seen on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with the aid of the synthetic substrate, methoxyphenol neuraminic acid. Neuraminidase (NA) appeared as a high-molecular-weight fraction with a size in the range of 220,000 to 250,000 daltons. Isolation of this fraction from the X-7 strain of influenza virus, dissociation with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and reduction showed the presence of two polypeptides of 66,000 (NA1) and 58,000 (NA2) molecular weights in equimolar concentration. We postulate that the minimum active unit for the viral A2 neuraminidase is a tetramer composed of two NA1 and two NA2 subunits.
TL;DR: Contrast-modulated grating patterns were used to compare evoked responses and psychophysical thresholds of contrast modulation and it was found that there is a slight departure from this law, in that the ratio decreases with mean contrast.
Abstract: Contrast-modulated grating patterns were used to compare evoked responses and psychophysical thresholds of contrast modulation. The stimulus consisted of the successive presentation of a grating pattern at a higher and lower contrast. At a modulation rate of 8 Hz it was found that there is correspondence between the two kinds of data for a 6 cycle/degree grating. The just noticeable difference was not constant, and data approximated a Weber's law of contrast discrimination. However, it was found that there is a slight departure from this law, in that the ratio decreases with mean contrast. Both psychophysical and electrophysiological data exclude a model of simple luminance detection and are consistent with the operation of spatial contrast detectors in the human visual system.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of corticosteroid administration on the central nervous system pathways regulating such periodicity was investigated in rat plasma, and it was shown that the effect was not affected by neonatal administration of testosterone or reserpine.
Abstract: Circadian variation of corticosteroid concentrations in rat plasma is suppressed if corticosteroids are administered between days 2 to 4 of neonatal life, but not if they are given between days 12 to 14 of neonatal life This indicates a critical period for the effect of corticosteroid administration on the central nervous system pathways regulating such periodicity Circadian periodicity of corticosteroids is not affected by neonatal administration of testosterone or reserpine
TL;DR: The response of peripheral lymphocytes of patients with Kveim positive sarcoidosis to a Chase-Siltzbach type-I (spleen J) suspension, normal spleen suspension, and phytohaemagglutinin (P.H.A.) was assayed in-vitro and showed diminished responsiveness to P.I.F. when compared with controls.
TL;DR: Profound leucopenia and serious haemorrhage and/or infection at the time of presentation were associated with the death of eighteen patients who, with one exception, did not survive the 4-6 month period required for a therapeutic effect of anabolic-androgenic steroids.
TL;DR: It is postulated that the Australia-antigen particle of hepatitis type B represents an infectious agent different from viruses described so far, which consists of a very small amount of R.N.A.-enzyme complex (virion) with an amount of host protein far in excess of the protein coat of most other viruses.
TL;DR: Frontal cortical lesions potentiated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in both rats and mice tested one month after surgery and could be attributed to the interaction of two recovering neurochemical systems differentially affecting noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons.
TL;DR: The nervous system executes a patterned output of oculomotor activity during dreaming sleep which is fairly consistent in all subjects, and it was discovered that most eye movements during REM sleep are unrelated to the action in the dream.
Abstract: As a result of recording eye movements during Stage REM sleep by AC electrooculography (EOG) previous investigators concluded that each eye movement is the response to the visual action in each dream. When we repeated the study using DC EOG it was discovered that only a minority of eye movements during Stage REM are in the direction of the visual action in the dream. If only single, large amplitude, prominent eye movements are considered then most such movements are related to colorful, compelling visual action occurring as a prominent single visual action against a quiet background. The AC recording method used in past studies emphasizes these isolated movements; perhaps this explains the disparity in results. At any rate, most eye movements during REM sleep are unrelated to the action in the dream. When these eye movements were analyzed in regard to the direction of movements, sequential order of movements, and randomness in time, we found that similar patterns of oculomotor output were found in all subjects. Thus, the nervous system executes a patterned output of oculomotor activity during dreaming sleep which is fairly consistent in all subjects. At times, however, a link is established between the visual and oculomotor systems and the eyes respond to visual action.
TL;DR: F Fourier-transformed carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for oxytocin and various oligomeric intermediates in dimethylsulfoxide-d 6 and deuterium oxide and indicate no major conformational differences for the hormone inDimethyl sulfoxide and water.
TL;DR: By this method, heparin, hyaluronic acid, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate were quantitatively determined from a mixture of six glycosaminoglycans.
TL;DR: While this condition is rare, the diagnosis should be entertained in any severely and chronically constipated individual who presents with signs of a perforated viscus and fecal impaction.
TL;DR: Cartilage from the distal femur was studied biochemically at regular intervals, and no change in the content of DNA but a significant and progressive decline in the concentration of hexosamine were noted.
Abstract: Rabbits were treated for up to 9 weeks with daily doses of cortisone. Cartilage from the distal femur was studied biochemically at regular intervals, and no change in the content of DNA but a significant and progressive decline in the concentration of hexosamine were noted. In vitro incorporation of 35SO4 and 3H-glycine was depressed markedly. Because the test animals lost 25% of their body weight, a separate group of starved controls were studied and the changes noted were similar to those seen with corticoid treatment but were not as marked.