Showing papers by "Kun Shan University published in 2011"
TL;DR: Investigation of suitable freshwater filamentous algae that have a high heavy metal ion removal capability for lead and copper removal discovered that both types of biomass were excellent biosorbents with potential for further development.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of a heterogeneous base catalyst on the transesterification of soybean oil assisted by microwave irradiation was examined, and the results showed that nanopowder calcium oxide (nano CaO) was very efficient in converting soybean oils to biodiesel, while water content of methanol cannot improve the conversion rate catalyzed by nano CaO.
141 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the Push-Pull-Mooring model can be extended to explain the switching intentions of online gamers and the ''mooring effect'' appears to have a stronger influence on the player's switching intention than the ''pull effect'', while the ''push effect'' seems to have no influence at all.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a quad-band microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) using asymmetric stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is proposed, which only employs two sets of the asymmetric SIRs.
Abstract: A new quad-band microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) using asymmetric stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is proposed. The filter only employs two sets of the asymmetric SIRs. One set is designed to operate at the first and third passbands (2.4/5.2 GHz) and the other set is employed at second and fourth passbands (3.5/6.8 GHz). By tuning the impedance and length ratios of the asymmetric SIRs, a multi-band filter can be easily achieved. This study provides a simple and effective method to design a quad-band filter with low insertion loss and compact size. Experimental verification is provided and good agreement has been found between simulation and measurement.
132 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a projection finite element analysis with an element-by-element preconditioned conjugate gradient method to investigate the non-isothermal tapered flow channel installed with a baffle plate for enhancing cell performance in the cathodic side of a PEMFC.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a metal-free organic dye consisting of a phenothiazine donor, a 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene bridge, and a cyanoacrylate acceptor is synthesized and its optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties are characterized.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel approach for de-agglomeration and surface functionalization of detonation nanodiamond at the same time in one pot was presented, where various kinds of polymer chains (e.g., polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and polyglycidyl methacylate) can be chemically grafted onto the de-aggregated nanhodiamond by the wet-stirred-media-milling process.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for de-agglomeration and surface functionalization of detonation nanodiamond at the same time in one pot. Various kinds of polymer chains (e.g., polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and polyglycidyl methacrylate) can be chemically grafted onto the de-agglomerated nanodiamond by the wet-stirred-media-milling process. The surface grafted polymers were identified by FTIR, TGA and TEM. The polymer grafted onto surface of de-agglomerated nanodiamond was used as an additive in lubricant oil. We investigated the tribological properties of the two-phase lubricant oil and nanodiamond–polymer composite. The results show that this kind of nanodiamond–polymer composite possesses better anti-wear, friction-reduction and load-carrying capacity than the nanodiamond additive. Impressively, the addition of 3000 ppm nanodiamond–polymer composite to lubricating oil can reduce friction coefficient by 75% and wear rate by ∼99%. The polymer grafted onto the nanodiamond significantly improves durability and lubricant performance of the nanodiamond additive. This is because nanodiamond–polymer can be more compatible with lubricant oil than nanodiamond. The surface functionalization of nanodiamond can significantly affect lubricant performance and the durability of nanodiamond additive, which has not been discussed in previous papers.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high-surface area activated carbon obtained from ultra-thin PAN fibers was evaluated as CO 2 adsorbent in a simulated flue gas stream, and it was shown that the stabilization temperature affects the nitrogen group present, as determined by XPS, which enhances the specific adsorbents-adsorbate interaction for CO 2.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation was used to obtain the binary coefficients and the standard deviations of the coefficient of thermal expansion for the binary mixtures of 1-methyl-3-pentyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [MPI][PF 6 ] with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [M w Â=200] are measured over the whole composition range.
Abstract: Physical properties such as density, ρ , viscosity, η , refractive index, n , and conductivity, κ , for the binary mixtures of 1-methyl-3-pentyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [MPI][PF 6 ] with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [ M w = 200] are measured over the whole composition range. The excess molar volumes, V E , are calculated using the measured experimental densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister type equation. The correlation results are in agreement with the experimental data, and optimal fitting parameters are present. All the V E values within the tested range are negative, and continue to become increasingly negative with increasing temperature. The coefficients of thermal expansion are calculated from the experimental density results using an empirical correlation for T = 293.15–353.15 K. Deviations in viscosity, Δ η and the refractive index, Δ ϕ n , are calculated from experimental measurements of viscosity, η and refractive index, n , respectively and are fitted using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to obtain the binary coefficients and the standard deviations.
59 citations
TL;DR: Badri et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the perceived fairness of management procedures strengthened the positive effects of team reflexivity on unlearning and product innovation, and reduced negative effect of team stress.
Abstract: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, No. 4,Airlangga Rd., Surabaya, Indonesia 60286, badri@feb.unair.ac.idThe success of new product development (NPD) depends on a team’s abilities to integrate,build, and reconfigure internal and external competences and the flexibility to address rapidlychanging environments. To develop innovative products it is desirable that these processesshould not be constrained by current beliefs and routines. NPD teams therefore need to engagein an unlearning process to overcome any resistance to new ideas and to facilitate a freshapproach. The paper recognizes that the controlled experience of stress plays a part inunlearning (e.g., confusion about technology or market change can encourage changes) andargues that teams should systematically reflect on the progress they are making in projects andin unlearning. The fairness of procedures used by the management moderates the proposedrelationships. Two hundred and ninety eight team members and 77 NPD team leadersparticipated in the study. The results indicate that team reflexivity positively influencesunlearning and product innovation, while team stress has a negative effect. The perceivedfairness of management procedures strengthens the positive effects of team reflexivity onunlearning and product innovation, and reduces negative effect of team stress.
TL;DR: This investigation elucidates for the first time electrically controllable random lasers below the threshold voltage in dye-doped liquid crystal (DDLC) cells with and without adding an azo-dye.
Abstract: This investigation elucidates for the first time electrically controllable random lasers below the threshold voltage in dye-doped liquid crystal (DDLC) cells with and without adding an azo-dye. Experimental results show that the lasing intensities and the energy thresholds of the random lasers can be decreased and increased, respectively, by increasing the applied voltage below the Freedericksz transition threshold. The below-threshold-electric-controllability of the random lasers is attributable to the effective decrease of the spatial fluctuation of the orientational order and thus of the dielectric tensor of LCs by increasing the electric-field-aligned order of LCs below the threshold, thereby increasing the diffusion constant and decreasing the scattering strength of the fluorescence photons in their recurrent multiple scattering. This can result in the decrease in the lasing intensity of the random lasers and the increase in their energy thresholds. Furthermore, the addition of an azo-dye in DDLC cell can induce the range of the working voltage below the threshold for the control of the random laser to reduce.
TL;DR: In this paper, the longitudinal frequency of a cracked nanobeam with clamped-clamped and clamped free boundary conditions is derived based on the nonlocal elasticity theory.
TL;DR: In this article, the combustion characteristics of firing blast furnace gas (BFG) individually or in combination with coke oven gas (COG) were investigated theoretically and experimentally.
TL;DR: In this paper, a reduced-order observer is constructed to estimate the velocity signals, and then an observer-based robust position feedback tracking controller without velocity measurements is developed such that all the states and signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the trajectory tracking errors can be made as small as possible.
Abstract: This article addresses the problem of designing robust tracking controls for a class of robotic manipulators with flexible joints that use only position measurements. This class of flexible-joint robots is perturbed by time-varying parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A reduced-order observer is constructed to estimate the velocity signals, and then an observer-based robust position feedback tracking controller without velocity measurements will be developed such that all the states and signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the trajectory tracking errors can be made as small as possible. Consequently, the robust tracking control scheme developed here possesses the properties of computational simplicity and easy implementation. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
TL;DR: It is found that endurance or resistance training alone led to training-specific improvements in physical performance, body composition, and body size of the arms for the young men examined.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the body composition, body size, muscle strength, and VO2max after 24 weeks of resistance or endurance training and detraining in young men. Thirty healthy college-aged men (20.4 ± 1.36 years) participated in the study. Subjects were assigned to resistance training group (RTG, n = 10), endurance training group (ETG, n = 10), and control group (CG, n = 10). The training program consisted of running or weight-resistance exercise for 3 sessions per week under supervision. VO2max, upper and lower body strength (UBS, LBS), body fat, lean body mass, and body circumference were measured at baseline and after training and detraining. After the training period, the exercise groups demonstrated significant increases in VO2max and LBS (p < 0.05). The UBS, lean mass (LM), and body size of arm and calf were significantly greater in the RTG than in the other 2 groups (p<0.05). In addition, the strength and LM of the RTG were still greater than the baseline values after 24 weeks of detraining (p < 0.05). The conclusions of this study are (a) that endurance or resistance training alone led to training-specific improvements in physical performance, body composition, and body size of the arms for the young men examined and (b) that the RTG maintained the gains in strength and LM for more prolonged periods after training ceased than the endurance training group.
TL;DR: In this article, emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from the stack flue gases, fly ashes and bottom ashes of various stationary sources were investigated.
Abstract: Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from the stack flue gases, fly ashes and bottom ashes of various stationary sources were investigated. The mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration of flue gas ranged from 0.00681 to 0.703 ng I-TEQ/Nm 3 . However, the emission factor of PCDD/F from various incinerators was 0.00827 to 3.50 µg I-TEQ/ton, whereas it was 5.36 µg I-TEQ/body for a crematory (CM). In addition, the mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ content in fly ash from an electric arc furnace (EAF) and a secondary aluminium smelter (secondary ALS) were 74.0, and 49.9 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively, whereas they are 21.3 and 0.494 ng I-TEQ/kg for bottom ash. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of PCDD/F by bag filters from EAF was –44.4% which is attributed to the “memory effect”. The indicatory PCDD/Fs of EAF, and secondary ALS have the same congeners (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF, 2,3,7,8-TeCDF, and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF). In addition, CM, joss paper-A (JP-A) and joss paper-B (JP-B) incinerators have similar indicatory PCDD/F (2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and OCDD). The high contribution of total PCDD/F is from fly ash (61.1-95.3%) for metallurgical facilities (EAF, secondary ALS), whereas 99.9% contribution of stack flue gas is from JP-A and JP-B. In conclusion, continually monitoring various PCDD/F emission sources is necessary to understand current PCDD/F emission (flue gas, fly/bottom ash) and the related removal efficiency of existing air pollution control devices. Information about both emission factors of PCDD/Fs and indicatory PCDD/F congeners are useful for the establishment of control strategies and for use as fingerprints with regard to the dominant congeners from different emission sources.
TL;DR: In this article, the air blowing-assisted electrospinning process produces fewer beads and smaller nanofiber diameters compared with those obtained without air blowing, and the filtration efficiency improvement of the air-blowing-assisted polycarbonate nanofibers can be attributed to the narrow distribution of fiber diameter and small mean flow pore size of the electrospun web.
Abstract: Polycarbonate (PC) nanofibers are prepared using the air blowing-assisted electrospinning process. The effects of air blowing pressure and PC solution concentration on the physical properties of fibers and the filtration performance of the nanofiber web are investigated. The air blowing-assisted electrospinning process produces fewer beads and smaller nanofiber diameters compared with those obtained without air blowing. Uniform PC nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of about 0.170 μm are obtained using an applied voltage of 40 kV, an air blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa, a PC solution concentration of 16%, and a tip-to-collection-screen distance (TCD) of 25 cm. The filtration efficiency improvement of the air blowing-assisted electrospun web can be attributed to the narrow distribution of fiber diameter and small mean flow pore size of the electrospun web. Performance results show that the air blowing-assisted electrospinning process can be applied to produce PC nanofiber mats with high-quality filtration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a relationship based on a modified couple stress theory is developed to investigate the flexural sensitivity of a V-shaped cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM) taking into account the normal interaction force between the cantilevers tip and the sample surface.
TL;DR: In this paper, an inverse algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method and the discrepancy principle is applied to estimate the unknown time-dependent heat generation at the interface of cylindrical bars during rotary friction welding process from the knowledge of temperature measurements taken within the stationary bar.
Abstract: In this study, an inverse algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method and the discrepancy principle is applied to estimate the unknown time-dependent heat generation at the interface of cylindrical bars during rotary friction welding process from the knowledge of temperature measurements taken within the stationary bar. In the direct problem, the heat capacity and thermal conductivity are functions of temperature; hence, this is a nonlinear inverse problem. The temperature data obtained from the direct problem are used to simulate the temperature measurements, and the effect of the errors in these measurements upon the precision of the estimated results is also considered. Results show that an excellent estimation on the time-dependent heat generation can be obtained for the test cases considered in this study. The current methodology can be applied to the prediction of heat generation in rotary friction welding.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the impact of knowledge creation mode and organizational culture on knowledge creation performance in the context of high-tech manufacturing companies having received at least 20 patents and find that companies who are frequently looking for new ideas for product design and manufacturing technologies are more likely to adopt the goal-free creation mode.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of knowledge creation mode (e.g. goal‐driven and goal‐free) and organizational culture on knowledge creation performance in the context of high‐tech manufacturing companies having received at least 20 patents.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses an empirical study to examine the research model.Findings – Both goal‐free and goal‐framed creation modes are more likely to support knowledge creation, while the goal‐driven mode is not likely to be favorable for knowledge creation. Manufacturing companies who are frequently looking for new ideas for product design and manufacturing technologies are more likely to adopt the goal‐free creation mode. Adhocracy culture is more likely to be a predicator of product and manufacturing creation.Practical implications – This work provides policy implications for government and high‐tech industry associations. A company whose cohesion comes mainly from the task achievements is likely to emphasize manufac...
TL;DR: In this article, tetrafluoroborate-based room temperature ionic liquids were synthesized and their thermal properties, refractive index, polarity, electrochemical property, and temperature dependency of dynamic viscosity, density and ionic conductivity were characterized.
Abstract: Several ionic liquids containing pyrrolidinium-, oxopyrrolidinium-, piperidinium-, morpholinium- and trialkylammonium-based cation are synthesized and their thermal property, refractive index, polarity, electrochemical property, and temperature dependency of dynamic viscosity, density and ionic conductivity are characterized. All tetrafluoroborate-based room temperature ionic liquids studied here have a high ionic conductivity (up to 31.4 mS cm−1). These ILs were successfully used as suitable electrolytes for the diffusion coefficient measurement of ferrocene. Absorbance solvatochromic probes Nile red is used to investigate the relative polarity of these ionic liquids and compared them with several organic solvents. The relation of fluidity to conductance is considered in terms of a Walden plot that is shown to provide a useful basis for organizing the applications of solvent media for “green” synthetic reactions.
TL;DR: A trust-based service selection model to estimate the degree of consumer trust in a particular service based on the consumers’ direct experience and indirect recommendation of the service is proposed and a quality index is proposed to help third party examine the body of evidence and make the outranking result more reliable.
Abstract: Existing studies on the web service selection problem focus mainly on the functional QoS properties of the service rather than the consumer satisfaction and trust aspects. While a good QoS enhances the reputation of a service, different consumers invariably hold differing views of the service contents. Some service reputation approaches primarily consider the consumer's prior experience of the service via opinion feedback system, may neglect the effect of social trust transition in the recommendations of others. As a result, the problem of reaching consensus on the level of consumer trust regarding service becomes one of key issues in service selection. This study proposes a trust-based service selection model to estimate the degree of consumer trust in a particular service based on the consumers' direct experience and indirect recommendation of the service. In the proposed approach, the degree of consumer trust is correctly estimated by extending Dempster---Shafer evidence reasoning theory to the reputation computation using consumers' direct experience and incorporating Josang's belief model for solving the trust transition problem in the indirect recommendation of the service. The proposed model effectively enables deception detection by means of existing bodies of evidence, and therefore excludes the fraudulent evidence of malicious evaluators from the selection process. In addition, a quality index is proposed to help third party (TTP) examine the body of evidence and make the outranking result more reliable. Importantly, the quality index is based not only on the confidence degree of the evidence, but also on the support degree, and therefore discovers the effects of intentional negative assessments. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated numerically by means of two service selection examples.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship among supervisor business moral values, subordinate business moral value, subordinate organizational commitment, job performance, and attendance in Taiwanese organizations, and found that supervisor moral values were positively associated with subordinate business values, and that the latter mediated the relationship between the former and subordinate outcomes.
Abstract: Business moral values are defined as the personal moral values held by individuals who are engaged in business interactions. Direct supervisors may play an important role in shaping the business moral values of their subordinates. Using 264 supervisor–subordinate dyadic data from Taiwanese organizations, the study investigated the relationships among supervisor business moral values, subordinate business moral values, subordinate organizational commitment, job performance, and attendance. The results indicated that supervisor business moral values were positively associated with subordinate business moral values, and that the latter mediated the relationship between the former and subordinate outcomes. Implications for business moral values research are discussed.
TL;DR: A solution growth method for the deposition of Cu-doped zinc-indium-sulfide (ZnIn 2 S 4 ) semiconductor film electrodes is presented in this article.
TL;DR: In this article, the self-diffusion coefficient, diffusion radius, dissociation and association degree, and transport numbers of various cations (methylpyrrolidinium, 1-methyl-2-oxopyrrinium, methylpiperinium and methylmorpholinium) and tetrafluoroborate anion in ionic liquids are measured by observing 1H and 19F nuclei using the pulsed-field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR technique at various temperatures.
Abstract: The self-diffusion coefficient, diffusion radius, dissociation and association degree, and transport numbers of various cations (methylpyrrolidinium, 1-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium, methylpiperidinium, ethylmorpholinium, and methylmorpholinium) and tetrafluoroborate anion in ionic liquids are measured by observing 1H and 19F nuclei using the pulsed-field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR technique at various temperatures. The self-diffusion coefficients determined for the cations and anions of ionic liquids by PGSE NMR method exhibit tetrafluoroborate anion have higher value than cations over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient obeys the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher (VTF) equation, and the VTF parameters were presented. The self-diffusion coefficient is analyzed in terms of the Stokes–Einstein equation and the Nernst–Einstein equation, the hydrodynamic radius of ILs is calculated from Stokes–Einstein equation and the molar conductivity (ΛNMR) calculated from the Nernst–Einstein equation is derived without considering ionic association. The dissociation degree of cations and anions range from 72 to 86% for [PipMe][BF4], [PyrMe][BF4], [MorMe][BF4], and [MorEt][BF4], whereas the ratio is 32% for [PyrOMe][BF4] at 303 K, this difference can be explained by taking the ionic association into consideration for [PyrOMe][BF4].
01 Sep 2011
TL;DR: This paper extends Chen and Ko's models to consider the close link between the four phases in NPD using the means-end chain concept to build up a series of fuzzy nonlinear programming models for determining the fulfillment levels of each decision outcome for customer satisfaction.
Abstract: Quality function deployment (QFD) frameworks are useful tools for constructing a new product development (NPD) plan that enables the clear itemization of customer needs and the systematic evaluation of each solution to maximize customer satisfaction. A complete QFD process includes four sequential phases in which four important decision outcomes are determined for NPD, namely, the fulfillment levels of design requirements (DRs), part characteristics, process parameters, and production requirements. Unlike prior studies which have focused only on determining DRs, this paper extends Chen and Ko's models to consider the close link between the four phases in NPD using the means-end chain concept to build up a series of fuzzy nonlinear programming models for determining the fulfillment levels of each decision outcome for customer satisfaction. In addition, this paper incorporates risk analysis, which is treated as the constraint in the models, into the QFD process. To deal with the vague nature of product development processes, fuzzy sets are applied for both QFD and risk analysis. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.
TL;DR: In this paper, Ni-doped ZnO (Zn1−xNixO, x=0, 0.03, 0., 0.06 and 0.11) films were prepared using magnetron sputtering.
TL;DR: In this article, a biosensor electrode possessing highly sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA) is fabricated, which is treated with a silver sulfide (Ag2S) film using electrochemical deposition.
TL;DR: A newly developed digital zoom layout and optimization with a modified genetic algorism (GA) method, in order to meet the demands of a certain specification, achieves a successful optical design and the optimization of the digital zoom optics with liquid optics.
Abstract: A new concept for the optimization and optical design of miniature digital zoom optics with liquid lens elements is proposed in this research. The liquid lens elements are limited to the discrete configuration in order to obtain the optimal performance for digital zoom. We propose a newly developed digital zoom layout and optimization with a modified genetic algorism (GA) method, in order to meet the demands of a certain specification. The results show that we achieve a successful optical design and the optimization of the digital zoom optics with liquid optics, whose performance is greatly improved up to 48.68%, from the standpoint of on-axis spot size.