Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1978"
TL;DR: Plasma concentrations of ethoxybenzamide, sulfisoxazole, bishydroxycoumarin, and diazepam measured following bolus intravenous injection were used as clinical examples for this method.
Abstract: According to linear pharmacokinetics, the time course of plasma concentration of a drug, Cp,is expressed by a sum of exponential functions, Cp=ei=1nai\(C_p = \sum
olimits_{i = 1}^n {a_i e^{ - b_i t} } \).This article describes a statistical technique to estimate the number of exponential terms, n,for the time course of drug by the application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Plasma concentrations of ethoxybenzamide, sulfisoxazole, bishydroxycoumarin, and diazepam measured following bolus intravenous injection were used as clinical examples for this method. Selection of models is compared between the AIC method and an Ftest method at significance levels of 5% and 1%.
1,973 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between the moments of a time-course curve and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug disposition, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, is described and it is shown that they can be effectively applied to the deconvolution operation.
Abstract: Statistical moments are parameters that describe the characteristics of the time courses of plasma concentration (area, mean residence time, and variance of residence time) and of the urinary excretion rate that follow administration of a single dose of a drug. The relationship between the moments of a time-course curve and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug disposition, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, is described. The moments are related to the extent and rate of bioavailability, and it is shown that they can be effectively applied to the deconvolution operation.
1,179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for excited states is given on the basis of the symmetry-adapted-cluster (SAC) expansion method, based on the fact that the SAC expansion method gives incidentally a set of excited functions which satisfies the Brillouin theorem with the ground state.
559 citations
TL;DR: Kawasaki disease is one with a pathologic pattern previously unknown, acute and inflammatory, and the angiitis begins in the microvessels and fibrinoid necrosis of the media is rare.
Abstract: Pathologic studies were done on 20 hearts of patients who had typical clinical signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease. The cardiac lesions were classified according to the duration of illness at the time of death. Stage I (zero to nine days) was characterized by acute perivasculitis and vasculitis of the microvessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) and small arteries, and acute perivasculitis and endarteritis of the three major coronary arteries (MCAs). Pericarditis, myocarditis, inflammation of the atrioventricular conduction system, and endocarditis with valvulitis were also present. Stage II (12 to 25 days) was characterized by panvasculitis of the MCAs and aneurysm with thrombus in the stems. Myocarditis, coagulation necrosis, lesion of the conduction system, pericarditis, and endocarditis with valvulitis were also present. In stage III (28 to 31 days), granulation of the MCAs and disappearance of inflammation in the microvessels were noted. Patients in stage IV (40 days to 4 years) had scarring with severe stenosis in the MCAs. Fibrosis of the myocardium, coagulation necrosis, lesions of the conduction system, and endocardial fibroelastosis were also present. The features observed revealed Kawasaki disease to be acute and inflammatory. The angiitis begins in the microvessels and fibrinoid necrosis of the media is rare. The disease is one with a pathologic pattern previously unknown.
505 citations
460 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an observational procedure of settlement prediction is proposed, which is based on the Bayesian inference of the non stationary stochastic process, which can give a predictive probability distribution of future settlement and then also provide a preliminary theory for reliability based design of settlement problems.
458 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanism of occurrence of bore-like debris flow due to the appearance of overland flow on the debris accumulation is considered using the applying shear stress and resisting stress relationship in the bed.
Abstract: A mechanism of occurrence of bore-like debris flow due to the appearance of overland flow on the debris accumulation is considered using the applying shear stress and resisting stress relationship in the bed. The criteria for the occurence of the nonstationary bed flow and the partly stationary bed flow are made clear. The partly stationary bed flow approaches a quasi-steady state, whose depth, velocity and concentration are predictive applying the concept of dilatant fluid introduced by Bagnold. Although the front height of the nonstationary bed flow increases versus distance, the translation velocity and concentration are nearly constant and flow characteristics are theoretically predictive by some appropriate assumptions.
352 citations
TL;DR: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was purified from rabbit small intestine to apparent homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation.
344 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the mannan-binding protein is the principle mediating the hepatic uptake of glycoproteins with terminal N-acetylglucosamine and/or mannose residues which are cleared rapidly from the circulation by the liver.
324 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors dealt with turbulent or chaotic phenomena which occur in the system governed by the Duffing's equation, a special type of two-dimensional periodic system, by using analog and digital computers, experiments were carried out with special reference to the change of attractors and of average power spectra of the random processes under the variation of the system parameters.
Abstract: This paper deals with turbulent or chaotic phenomena which occur in the system governed by Duffing's equation, a special type of two-dimensional periodic system. By using analog and digital computers, experiments are carried out with special reference to the change of attractors and of average power spectra of the random processes under the variation of the system parameters. On the basis of the experimental results, an outline of the random process is made clear. The results obtained in this paper will be applied to various physical problems and will also serve as material for the development of a proper mathematics of this phenomenon.
256 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a canonical formulation of Yang-Mills theories is presented in a manifestly covariant manner, and the subsidiary conditions for physical states are given as Q B |phys> = Q C |phys > = 0 in terms of the two conserved charges Q B and Q C.
TL;DR: The reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol by l -ascorbic acid at pH 2.0 was recommended as the most practical test reaction and the reaction mechanism of the reduction was discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis is made of equatorial wave disturbances in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere by the use of meteorological rocket and satellite observations, to clarify their structure and behavior in relation to the semiannual oscillation of the mean zonal wind.
Abstract: An analysis is made of equatorial wave disturbances in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere by the use of meteorological rocket and satellite observations, to clarify their structure and behavior in relation to the semiannual oscillation of the mean zonal wind. From a power spectral analysis of wind and temperature over Ascension Island during the four years from 1969 to 1972, it is found that in the height region between 25 and 60 km there exists a wave disturbance with a characteristic vertical scale of 15–20 km; the wave is more active in the easterlies than in the westerlies, showing marked semiannual variation. Compared with the well-known characteristics of equatorial waves in the lower stratosphere, this wave is likely to he identified as a Kelvin wave with a period of about 10 days. It is suggested that this wave plays an essential role in producing the semiannual reversal of the mean zonal wind by supplying the westerly momentum to the equatorial mesospheric levels. Further discussions ...
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic perturbation method is applied to three-dimensional long waves on a viscous liquid film, and the nonlinear evolution equation incorporating the effects of dissipation and dispersion is derived.
Abstract: A systematic perturbation method is applied to three-dimensional long waves on a viscous liquid film, and the nonlinear evolution equation incorporating the effects of dissipation and dispersion is derived. It is shown that both the fourth-order derivative term as well as the three-dimensionality have stabilizing effects.
TL;DR: In this article, the Sagami trough deformation was modeled as a low-angle right-lateral faulting with a thrust component at the plate boundary, and the 1703 and 1923 earthquakes were interpreted as the result of lowangle, right-angle, and thrust component, respectively.
Abstract: The southern Kanto region has had two shocks of magnitude 8 or greater during the past 1,000 years. They were the 1703 and 1923 earthquakes, which occurred along the Sagami trough, a northeastern boundary of the Philippine Sea crustal plate in contact with the Asian plate. Although they occurred in nearly the same region, the 1703 earthquake was significantly different from the 1923 earthquake in the distribution of coastal uplift and tsunami height. The 1703 earthquake deformation is described on the basis of the height of the marine terraces along the coast of the southern Kanto region. The 1703 earthquake is interpreted, as is the 1923 earthquake, as the result of low-angle right-lateral faulting with a thrust component at the plate boundary. However, the fault surface in 1703 was longer (about 200 km) and was located farther east than that of the 1923 earthquake. On the basis of the pattern of coastal uplift and the trend of the Sagami trough, the fault surface of the 1703 earthquake can be divided into three planes, which involve the eastern part of the source region of the 1923 earthquake to the west (plane A), the Kamogawa submarine cliff in the middle (plane B), and a segment near the source region of the 1953 Boso-Oki earthquake (M equals 8.0) to the east (plane C). The Boso and Miura Peninsulas in the sourthern Kanto region have been uplifted during at least the last 6,000 years, and major uplifts have been accompained by earthquakes like those of 1703 and 1923 many times. The recurrence time of similar uplifts is estimated at 800 to 1,500 years on the basis of the numbers of the uplifted Holocene terraces in the Boso Peninsula, the rate of upheaval during the last 6,000 years, and the present geodetic data. Thus, it is unlikely that major earthquakes such as the 1703 and 1923 earthquakes will occur in the same segments in the near future. The Oiso area, however, which is located west of the western end of the 1703 faulting, seems higher in seismic risk than the other parts of the Sagami trough fault, because the sum of the recent uplift in the 1703 and 1923 earthquakes in that area is significantly less than the average rate of uplift there during the past 6,000 years. /Author/
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear Boltzmann equation for a rarefied gas is investigated in the fluid dynamical limit to the level of compressible Euler equation locally in time, as the mean free path e tends to zero.
Abstract: The nonlinear Boltzmann equation for a rarefied gas is investigated in the fluid dynamical limit to the level of compressible Euler equation locally in time, as the mean free path e tends to zero. The nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws obtained as the limit are also the first approximation of the Chapman-Enskog expansion.
TL;DR: The NRPG is a highly sensitive site to morphine and electrical stimulation and was antagonized by naloxone pretreatment.
TL;DR: In this article, the steady behavior of a gas in contact with its condensed phase of arbitrary shape is investigated on the basis of kinetic theory, and two simple examples (evaporation from a sphere, two-surface problem of evaporation and condensation) are worked out.
Abstract: The steady behavior of a gas in contact with its condensed phase of arbitrary shape is investigated on the basis of kinetic theory. The Knudsen number of the system (the mean free path of the gas molecules divided by the characteristic length of the system) being assumed to be fairly small, the hydrodynamic equations for the macroscopic quantities, the velocity, temperature, and pressure, of the gas and their boundary conditions on the interface of the gas and its condensed phase are derived, and two simple examples (evaporation from a sphere, two-surface problem of evaporation and condensation) are worked out.
TL;DR: In this article, a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet of Ising-like spins of CsCoCl 3 was measured in the long range ordered region at 4.2 K and the critical exponent of the magnetization was found to be 0.34 around the Neel temperature 20.82 K.
Abstract: Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out on single crystals of CsCoCl 3 , a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet of Ising-like spins, in the long range ordered region. The determined magnetic structure at 4.2 K is composed of antiferromagnetic stacking of ferrimagnetic c -plane with three sublattices as determined by Melamud et al. The spins are aligned along c -axis and were evaluated to be 3.11 µ B at 0 K by extrapolation. Unusual temperature dependence of magnetic reflection intensity was observed and interpreted as a partial disordering transition in which one of the three sublattices in a c -plane loses its magnetization above 13.5 K resulting in antiferromagnetic c -planes. This transition is discussed in connection with the antiferro-ferrimagnetic transition in the triangular Ising lattice. The critical exponent of the magnetization was found to be 0.34 around the Neel temperature 20.82 K.
TL;DR: In this article, a quasithreedimensional faulting model with non-uniform distributions of static frictions or the fracture strength under a finite shearing pre-stress was investigated, and the displacement and stress time functions were obtained by solving numerically the equations of motion with a finite stress-fracture criterion, using the finite difference method.
Abstract: Summary Dynamical rupture process on the fault is investigated in a quasithreedimensional faulting model with non-uniform distributions of static frictions or the fracture strength under a finite shearing pre-stress The displacement and stress time functions on the fault are obtained by solving numerically the equations of motion with a finite stress-fracture criterion, using the finite difference method If static frictions are homogeneous or weakly non-uniform, the rupture propagates nearly elliptically with a velocity close to that of P waves along the direction of pre-stress and with a nearly S wave velocity in the direction perpendicular to it The rise time of the source function and the final displacements are larger around the centre of the fault In the case when the static frictions are heavily non-uniform and depend on the location, the rupture propagation becomes quite irregular with appreciably decreased velocities, indicating remarkable stick-slip phenomena In some cases, there remain unruptured regions where fault slip does not take place, and high stresses remain concentrated up to the final stage These regions could be the source of aftershocks at a next stage The stick-slip faulting and irregular rupture propagation radiate highfrequency seismic waves, and the near-field spectral amplitudes tend to show an inversely linear frequency dependence over high frequencies for heavily non-uniform frictional faults
TL;DR: Two E‐rosette (spontaneous rosette with sheep red blood cells)‐forming lymphoid cell lines were established, derived from a young male Japanese patient with acute lympho‐blastic leukemia and from an aged patient with T‐lymphoid malignancy.
Abstract: Two E-rosette (spontaneous rosette with sheep red blood cells)-forming lymphoid cell lines were established. One (HPB-ALL) was derived from a young male Japanese patient with acute lympho-blastic leukemia (ALL), and the other (HPB-MLT) was from a 62-year-old female Japanese patient with a leukemic T-lymphoid malignancy. Formation of E rosettes, absence of any immunoglobulin determinants, absence of EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen) and very limited stimulating ability in mixed lymphocyte culture, were characteristics mostly identical with those of so far established T-cell-derived lymphoid cell lines, MOLT, CCRF-CEM, CCRF-HS-B2, RPMI-8402 and JM. Only HPB-MLT, however, has been derived from an aged patient with T-lymphoid malignancy.
TL;DR: Leukemic T cells from Japanese patients with adult T-cell leukemia were studied for their effects on pokeweed mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte differentiation into immunoglobulin-producing cells and showed a marked suppressive effect on B-cell differentiation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the response of the ionosphere to a suddenly impressed electric field, which is generated by large scale dynamic processes in the magnetosphere such as a sudden compression by an interplanetary shock wave or a change of the magnetospheric convection.
Abstract: SEVERAL kinds of geomagnetic variations are observed simultaneously at high latitudes and in the equatorial region. These are substorms or DP-1 variations, Spq or DP-2 variations, some kinds of pulsations, and the DS-part of SSC and SI. Araki1 analysed the relationship of the preliminary reverse impulse of SC* occurring in the high-latitude and the equatorial regions and found that their occurrence in both regions is well correlated, almost simultaneous, and that the waveforms are very similar. From the characteristics of these geomagnetic variations, it seems that a horizontal electric field impressed in the polar ionosphere from the magnetosphere greatly contributes to the equatorial part of these geomagnetic variations. This electric field is generated by large scale dynamic processes in the magnetosphere such as a sudden compression by an interplanetary shock wave or a change of the magnetospheric convection, and its direction will be approximately east–west (dawn–dusk)2. To clarify the mechanism of the instantaneous horizontal transmission of the polar electric field, we have analysed the response of the ionosphere to a suddenly impressed electric field.
TL;DR: For this problem, it is shown that there is a 0n2-time algorithm to find a schedule that minimizes the number of tardy jobs, under the assumption that ri.
Abstract: We consider a class of n-job one-machine scheduling problems with ready time ri, processing time pi, and due time di for each job i. Preemption is not allowed, and precedence constraints among jobs are not assumed. For this problem we show that there is a 0n2-time algorithm to find a schedule that minimizes the number of tardy jobs, under the assumption that ri
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed differential geometrical study of chemically reacting systems is presented, in particular the general solution of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) (henceforth referred to as meta-IRC), and extended definitions of the Hessian matrix and normal vibrations at any non-equilibrium point on the surface.
Abstract: This paper is a detailed differential geometrical study of chemically reacting systems. In particular the following coordinate-free properties of chemically reacting systems are obtained: 1) the general solution of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) (henceforth referred to as meta-IRC), 2) “extended” definitions of the Hessian matrix and normal vibrations at any non-equilibrium point on the surface, and 3) clarification of the close connection between the geometry of meta-IRC and the geography of the surface at a transition point. The theory is elucidated using a model potential surface.
TL;DR: Stoichiometric CaFeO 3 was prepared and was characterized by crystallographic, magnetic and electrical measurements as mentioned in this paper, which indicated a phase transition from the metallic-paramagnetic (the high-temperature phase) to the semiconductive-antiferromagnetic phase.