Showing papers by "Manipal University published in 2007"
TL;DR: In this article, a co-processed mixture of micro-crystalline cellulose and mannitol was used for fast dissolving tablets, where the powder and compression properties of the composite particles were evaluated.
Abstract: Co-processed particles of microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol were fabricated by spray drying technique to be used as a direct compression excipient in fast dissolving tablet formulation. Microcrystalline cellulose passed through sieve no.80, having a volumetric mean diameter (d 50 ) of 28.35 µm, was used to form composite particles with powdered mannitol which was previously passed through sieve no. 80, in various mixing ratios. The composite particles were evaluated for their powder and compression properties. An increase in the microcrystalline cellulose proportion imparted greater compressibility to the composite particles, but the flowability of these mixtures was decreased. Although microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol have been extensively used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets, the non-wetting property of the hard compact central core may delay the disintegration time. Optimized co-processed formulation containing mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose in the ratio of 1.25:1 was found to have optimized powder and compressibility characteristics with fast disintegrating property (<15 s). Photomicrographs have shown that the mannitol crystals are fine and uniformly distributed in the microcrystalline matrix in spray dried form compared to physical mixture of the same combination. The fast disintegration may be due to the partial amorphization and formation of submicron particles of mannitol. These results indicated that improved fast dissolving tablets could be prepared by the co-processed mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol. Finally fast dissolving tablets of glipizide were prepared by blending with other excipients and compressed into tablets. Sensory study on disintegration time and mouth feel attributes ranked the present formulation based on grittiness, chalkiness and overall preference as the best.
114 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of Raman and FTIR microspectroscopic discrimination of formalin-fixed normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues.
Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women worldwide, and mortality rates from this cancer are higher than for other gynecological cancers This is attributed to a lack of reliable screening methods and the inadequacy of treatment modalities for the advanced stages of the disease FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies of formalin-fixed normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues have been undertaken in order to investigate and attempt to understand the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease, and to explore the feasibility of discriminating between these different tissue types Raman spectra of normal tissues indicate the dominance of proteins and lower contents of DNA and lipids compared to malignant tissues Among the pathological tissues studied, spectra from benign tissues seem to contain more proteins and less DNA and lipids compared to malignant tissue spectra FTIR studies corroborate these findings FTIR and Raman spectra of both normal and benign tissues showed more similarities than those of malignant tissues Cluster analysis of first-derivative Raman spectra in the 700–1700 cm−1 range gave two clear groups, one corresponding to malignant and the other to normal+benign tissues At a lower heterogeneity level, the normal+benign cluster gave three nonoverlapping subclusters, one corresponding to normal and two for benign tissues Cluster analysis of second-derivative FTIR spectra in the combined spectral regions of 1540–1680 and 1720–1780 cm−1 resulted into two clear clusters corresponding to malignant and normal+benign tissues The cluster corresponding to normal+benign tissues produced nonoverlapping subclusters for normal and benign tissues at a lower heterogeneity level The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of Raman and FTIR microspectroscopic discrimination of formalin-fixed normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 2-arylsubstituted benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized by refluxing o-aminothiophenol with substituted benzoic acids in the presence of polyphosphoric acid at 220°.
Abstract: The 2-arylsubstituted benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized by refluxing o-aminothiophenol with substituted benzoic acids in the presence of polyphosphoric acid at 220°. 2-Mercaptothiazole was used along with thionyl chloride to get the carbothioates. The physical and spectral data such as mp, Rf, IR, NMR was obtained for the synthesized compounds and the structures were confirmed. The screening for antitumour activity was done as per the National Cancer Institute drug screening strategy 3 compounds were found to be significantly cytotoxic as compared to [2-(3-bromo-4-aminophenyl) benzothiazole] against the human cervical cancer cell lines.
84 citations
TL;DR: Celecoxib spherical agglomerates were prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using acetone, water and chloroform as solvent, non-solvent and bridging liquid, respectively.
Abstract: 4 Celecoxib spherical agglomerates were prepared with po- lyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using acetone, water and chloro- form as solvent, non-solvent and bridging liquid, respec- tively. The agglomerates were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopic studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectroscopy and DSC results indicated the absence of any interactions between drug and additives. XRD studies showed a decrease in crystallinity in agglo- merates. The crystals exhibited significantly improved micromeritic properties compared to pure drug. The load- ing efficiency (% or mg drug per 100 mg crystals) was in the range of 93.9 ± 2.3 and 97.3 ± 1.3% (n = 3) with all for- mulations. The aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug from crystals was significantly (p < 0.05) in- creased (nearly two times). The solubility and in vitro drug release rates increased with an increase in PVP concentra- tion (from 2.5 to 10%). The SEM studies showed that the crystal posseses a good spherical shape with smooth and regular surface.
76 citations
TL;DR: This study further supports the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy, in combination with a limit test, for discrimination of normal and malignant colon tissues.
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the discrimination parameters Mahalanobis distance, spectral residuals, and limit tests, developed by this group to differentiate normal from malignant colon tissues. Background Data: Colon cancers are diagnosed using fiberoptic endoscopic localization and a subsequent histopathological examination of biopsied tissue, which is highly dependent on the skill and experience of the investigator. There exists a risk of missing significant lesions, especially with carcinoma in situ lesions. Raman spectroscopy, which is sensitive to biochemical variations in the samples and amenable to multivariate statistical tools, can lead to rapid and objective detection of colon cancer. Methods: A total of 102 spectra from 11 normal and 11 malignant ex vivo colon tissues were recorded by conventional near infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy (excitation wavelength of 785 nm). Spectral data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) and other ...
73 citations
TL;DR: A novel mechanism by which DACH1 blocks c-Jun-mediated contact-independent growth through repressing the c- Jun delta domain is demonstrated.
Abstract: The cell fate determination factor DACH1 plays a key role in cellular differentiation in metazoans. DACH1 is engaged in multiple context-dependent complexes that activate or repress transcription. DACH1 can be recruited to DNA via the Six1/Eya bipartite transcription (DNA binding/coactivator) complex. c-Jun is a critical component of the activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor complex and can promote contact-independent growth. Herein, DACH1 inhibited c-Jun–induced DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. Excision of c-Jun with Cre recombinase, in c-junf1/f1 3T3 cells, abrogated DACH1-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis. c-Jun expression rescued DACH1-mediated inhibition of cellular proliferation. DACH1 inhibited induction of c-Jun by physiological stimuli and repressed c-jun target genes (cyclin A, β-PAK, and stathmin). DACH1 bound c-Jun and inhibited AP-1 transcriptional activity. c-jun and c-fos were transcriptionally repressed by DACH1, requiring the conserved N-terminal (dac and ski/sno [DS]) domain. c-fos transcriptional repression by DACH1 requires the SRF site of the c-fos promoter. DACH1 inhibited c-Jun transactivation through the δ domain of c-Jun. DACH1 coprecipitated the histone deacetylase proteins (HDAC1, HDAC2, and NCoR), providing a mechanism by which DACH1 represses c-Jun activity through the conserved δ domain. An oncogenic v-Jun deleted of the δ domain was resistant to DACH1 repression. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a novel mechanism by which DACH1 blocks c-Jun-mediated contact-independent growth through repressing the c-Jun δ domain.
72 citations
TL;DR: The highest quality cluster RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures around younger children, and limited evidence that the more uncomfortable and expensive N95 masks were superior to simple surgical masks is found.
Abstract: Background Viral epidemics or pandemics such as of influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pose a significant threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccination may not be adequate to prevent catastrophe in such an event. Objectives To systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses (excluding vaccines and antiviral drugs, which have been previously reviewed). Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 4); MEDLINE (1966 to November 2006); OLDMEDLINE (1950 to 1965); EMBASE (1990 to November 2006); and CINAHL (1982 to November 2006). Selection criteria We scanned 2300 titles, excluded 2162 and retrieved the full papers of 138 trials, including 49 papers of 51 studies. The quality of three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was poor; as were most cluster RCTs. The observational studies were of mixed quality. We were only able to meta-analyse case-control data. We searched for any interventions to prevent viral transmission of respiratory viruses (isolation, quarantine, social distancing, barriers, personal protection and hygiene). Study design included RCTs, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-over studies, before-after, and time series studies. Data collection and analysis We scanned the titles, abstracts and full text articles using a standardised form to assess eligibility. RCTs were assessed according to randomisation method, allocation generation, concealment, blinding, and follow up. Non-RCTs were assessed for the presence of potential confounders and classified as low, medium, and high risk of bias. Main results The highest quality cluster RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures around younger children. Additional benefit from reduced transmission from children to other household members is broadly supported in results of other study designs, where the potential for confounding is greater. The six case-control studies suggested that implementing barriers to transmission, isolation, and hygienic measures are effective at containing respiratory virus epidemics. We found limited evidence that the more uncomfortable and expensive N95 masks were superior to simple surgical masks. The incremental effect of adding virucidals or antiseptics to normal handwashing to decrease respiratory disease remains uncertain. The lack of proper evaluation of global measures such as screening at entry ports and social distancing prevent firm conclusions about these measures. Authors' conclusions Many simple and probably low-cost interventions would be useful for reducing the transmission of epidemic respiratory viruses. Routine long-term implementation of some of the measures assessed might be difficult without the threat of a looming epidemic.
69 citations
TL;DR: The spectral analysis and classification for discrimination of pulsed laser-induced autofluorescence spectra of pathologically certified normal, premalignant, and malignant oral tissues recorded at a 325-nm excitation are carried out using MATLAB@R6-based principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means nearest neighbor (k-NN) analysis separately on the same set of spectral data.
Abstract: The spectral analysis and classification for discrimination of pulsed laser-induced autofluorescence spectra of pathologically certified normal, premalignant, and malignant oral tissues recorded at a 325-nm excitation are carried out using MATLAB@R6-based principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means nearest neighbor (k-NN) analysis separately on the same set of spectral data. Six features such as mean, median, maximum intensity, energy, spectral residuals, and standard deviation are extracted from each spectrum of the 60 training samples (spectra) belonging to the normal, premalignant, and malignant groups and they are used to perform PCA on the reference database. Standard calibration models of normal, premalignant, and malignant samples are made using cluster analysis. We show that a feature vector of length 6 could be reduced to three components using the PCA technique. After performing PCA on the feature space, the first three principal component (PC) scores, which contain all the diagnostic information, are retained and the remaining scores containing only noise are discarded. The new feature space is thus constructed using three PC scores only and is used as input database for the k-NN classification. Using this transformed feature space, the centroids for normal, premalignant, and malignant samples are computed and the efficient classification for different classes of oral samples is achieved. A performance evaluation of k-NN classification results is made by calculating the statistical parameters specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy and they are found to be 100, 94.5, and 96.17%, respectively.
55 citations
TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable approach to genome-directed cell reprograming that aims to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to foreign substance abuse.
Abstract: Patrick Tarpey, Trevor J. Pemberton, David W. Stockton, Parimal Das, Vasiliki Ninis, Sarah Edkins, P. Andrew Futreal, Richard Wooster, Sushanth Kamath, Rabindra Nayak, Michael R. Stratton, and Pragna I. Patel* Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India Ambedkar Medical College, Kadugondanahalli, Bangalore, India Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
52 citations
TL;DR: Dehydrozingerone was explored for in vitro-in vivo antioxidant potential and in vivo radioprotective activity against whole body gamma irradiation in Swiss albino mice, but there was an increased in crypt cells proliferation and regeneration.
52 citations
TL;DR: This study gives a preliminary overview of the characteristics of patients with spinal injuries in this hospital, and finds that 74.4% were managed conservatively, whereas 25.6% patients were managed surgically.
Abstract: A demographic profile of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal injury cases: a hospital-based study from India
TL;DR: This paper takes the widely used expression of voltage unbalance factor (VUF) and puts forward the various ambiguities that arise due to voltage variation and unbalance when applied to a test case and suggests a simple solution to overcome the same.
Abstract: Voltage unbalance has been interpreted in a number of ways based on the conditions and complexities that are involved. This paper takes the widely used expression of voltage unbalance factor (VUF) and puts forward the various ambiguities that arise due to voltage variation and unbalance when applied to a test case. If the results are not properly interpreted, they affect decision making with regard to motor derating and protective system settings. It is also shown that various voltage combinations are possible for a particular VUF. By fixing an upper limit so as to signify the upper limit, a simple solution by way of conceptual interpretation is suggested to overcome the same. The discussion that is put forward is supported by a test case.
TL;DR: There were no significant differences between the self-reported oral hygiene knowledge and practices among medical and engineering university students, but the knowledge levels of the students were considerably lower than expected.
Abstract: AIM This study was conducted to test the null hypothesis that no difference exists in the oral hygiene knowledge and practices of university students in different courses when they have equal opportunity to access health-promotive dental care METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was conducted using 120 students each from the medical and engineering colleges at the University of Manipal Academy of Higher Education who had easy access to the dental college within the campus which provides health-promotive dental care to all its patients A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of questions on demographic data, oral hygiene knowledge and practices, and dental service utilization patterns was distributed among the students The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 10 version RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to the knowledge of fluoridated toothpastes, frequency of toothbrush renewal, use of dental floss, and a tongue cleaner (p < 0001) The groups were similar in all other practices including the utilization of dental services There were no significant differences between the self-reported oral hygiene knowledge and practices among medical and engineering university students, but the knowledge levels of the students were considerably lower than expected
TL;DR: The study was carried out to compare marginal microleakage between Fuji-VII glass ionomer cement and the conventional light-cured unfilled resin as pit and fissure sealant and revealed that there was no difference in microle leakage.
Abstract: Glass ionomer cement, besides being used as restorative material, can also be used as pit and fissure sealant. The use of glass ionomer cement as pit and fissure sealant has added benefit by its fluoride-releasing property that results in increased resistance of the fissures to demineralize. The capacity of a sealant to prevent microleakage into the fissure is important, since microleakage may initiate and support a carious lesion beneath the sealant. The study was carried out to compare marginal microleakage between Fuji-VII glass ionomer cement (G C Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and the conventional light-cured unfilled resin as pit and fissure sealants (3M Concise, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, USA). The dye used was 2% methylene blue (Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India). The teeth were sectioned and studied under the stereomicroscope. The result revealed that there was no difference in microleakage (P > 0.05) between the two materials.
TL;DR: This study supports the use of formalin-fixed tissues in optical histopathology and indicates feasibility of discriminating tissues with minute biochemical differences such as malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy.
Abstract: Optical histopathology is fast emerging as a potential tool in cancer diagnosis. Fresh tissues in saline are ideal samples for optical histopathology. However, evaluation of suitability of ex vivo handled tissues is necessitated because of severe constraints in sample procurement, handling, and other associated problems with fresh tissues. Among these methods, formalin-fixed samples are shown to be suitable for optical histopathology. However, it is necessary to further evaluate this method from the point of view discriminating tissues with minute biochemical variations. A pilot Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopic studies of formalin-fixed tissues normal, malignant, and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy from the same malignant cervix subjects were carried out, with an aim to explore the feasibility of discriminating these tissues, especially the tissues after-2-fractions of radiotherapy from other two groups. Raman and FTIR spectra exhibit large differences for normal and malignant tissues and subtle differences are seen between malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. Spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and it provided good discrimination of normal and malignant tissues. PCA of data of three tissues, normal, malignant, and 2-fractions after radiotherapy, gave two clusters corresponding to normal and malignant + after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. A second step of PCA was required to achieve discrimination between malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. Hence, this study not only further supports the use of formalin-fixed tissues in optical histopathology, especially from Raman spectroscopy point of view, it also indicates feasibility of discriminating tissues with minute biochemical differences such as malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy.
TL;DR: An optical fiber-based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy approach is taken to characterize a solution of aggregating amyloid-β molecules and it is found that this technique can easily resolve aggregate particles of size 100 nm or greater in vitro, and the size distribution of these particles agrees well with that obtained by conventional FCS techniques.
TL;DR: It is shown that cells with depleted HEI10 both migrate more rapidly and invade more effectively than control cells, and may be commonly involved in coordinating cell cycle with cell migration and invasion.
Abstract: Human enhancer of invasion, clone 10 (HEI10) (CCNB1IP1) was first described as a RING-finger family ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell cycle by interacting with cyclin B and promoting its degradation. Subsequently, other studies suggested specific upregulation of HEI10 in metastatic melanoma and demonstrated direct interaction between HEI10 and the tumor suppressor Merlin, encoded by the neurofibromatosis 2 gene. These and other results led us to hypothesize that HEI10 also influences the processes of cell migration and metastasis. We here show that cells with depleted HEI10 both migrate more rapidly and invade more effectively than control cells. HEI10 depletion post-transcriptionally increases the expression of a group of promotility regulatory proteins including p130Cas, paxillin, Cdk1 and cyclin B2, but excluding Merlin. Among these, only inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B activity specifically reversed the motility and invasion of HEI10-depleted cells. Finally, HEI10 is abundantly transcribed in many human tissues, and particularly abundant in some tumor cell lines, suggesting that it may be commonly involved in coordinating cell cycle with cell migration and invasion.
TL;DR: A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of aceclofenac in rats and was found to be precise, accurate, and specific during the study.
TL;DR: The suitability of spray drying as a method for the formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery was evaluated, with levocetirizine dihydrochloride as the model drug.
Abstract: In this study the suitability of spray drying as a method for the formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery was evaluated. The microspheres were produced from mucoadhesive polymers including chitosan salt, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium alginate and contained levocetirizine dihydrochloride as the model drug. The microspheres formed were evaluated for particle size distribution, drug loading, production yield, in vitro release characteristics and suitability for nasal drug delivery in terms of particle size and release properties. The conditions of the spray dryer were optimized for production yield and particle size.
TL;DR: Chalcones prepared from 2-acetyl benzofuran and condensed with different aromatic acid hydrazides to get the corresponding pyrazolines showed good activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, comparable with that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin.
Abstract: Chalcones (2a and 2b) were prepared from 2-acetyl benzofuran (1) and condensed with different aromatic acid hydrazides (3a-o) to get the corresponding pyrazolines (4a-o and 5a-o). The structures of all these compounds have been established on the basis of analytical and spectral data. Compounds have been screened for antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial studies. Among the 7 compounds that were screened for antiinflammatory activity, compounds 4g and 5m showed 83.4% and 80.5% inhibition of oedema volume, while the standard drug (ibuprofen) showed inhibition of 91.9%. Compounds 4k and 5h showed moderate activity of 72.8% and 59.6% respectively. All the 30 compounds were tested for antioxidant activity at 1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 and 10 mg/ml concentrations against standard drug ascorbic acid. Compounds 4g, 4h, 4k, 4m, 5g, 5h, 5k and 5m showed excellent antioxidant activity as compared with ascorbic acid. Among the 30 compounds that were screened against two Gram +ve ( Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis ) and two gram -ve ( Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) organisms, compounds possessing p-chloro, p-fluoro, 2-amino-5-bromo, 2-hydroxy-5-nitro and 3,5-dichloro substitutions on the phenyl ring showed good activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis . The activity is comparable with that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin.
01 Dec 2007
TL;DR: S surgically important variations of axillary artery, axillary vein, median, radial and musculocutaneous nerves in the right upper limb of a male cadaver are found.
Abstract: Knowledge of neurovascular variations is important for surgeons who remove axillary lymph nodes, to anesthesiologists, and orthopedic surgeons. We found surgically important variations of axillary artery, axillary vein, median, radial and musculocutaneous nerves in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. The axillary artery gave a large abnormal arterial trunk which in turn divided into a common circumflex humeral-subscapular trunk and profunda brachii artery. The abnormal trunk was sandwiched between the two roots of median nerve at its origin. There was an abnormal communicating branch between medial cord and radial nerve. The axillary vein was duplicated in most of its course and was abnormally large in size. In the arm, the musculocutaneous nerve gave three communicating branches to the median nerve. The abnormality reported here might result in neurovascular compression symptoms in the upper limb and might cause confusions in anesthesia and surgery. Neuroanatomy; 2007; 6: 36–38.
TL;DR: Under the influence of irradiation, both curcumin and complex treatment protected the decline in the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, catalase and total thiols, and inhibited radiation-induced lipid peroxidation.
Abstract: The effect of mononuclear copper (II) complex of curcumin in 1:1 stoichiometry (hereafter referred to as complex) administered 30 min before γ-irradiation (4.5 Gy) on alterations in antioxidant and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in livers was studied in comparison to curcumin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The different antioxidants like GSH, GST, catalase, SOD, TBARS and total thiols were estimated in the liver homogenates excised at different time intervals (1, 2 and 4 h) post irradiation using colorimetric methods. There was a radiation-induced decrease in the levels of all the studied enzymes at 1 h post irradiation, while an increase was observed at later time points. Both curcumin and complex treatment in sham-irradiated mice decreased the levels of GSH and total thiols, whereas there was an increase in the levels of catalase, GST and SOD compared to normal control. Under the influence of irradiation, both curcumin and complex treatment protected the decline in the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, catalase and total thiols, and inhibited radiation-induced lipid peroxidation. Further, the complex was found to be more effective in protecting the enzymes at 1 h post irradiation compared to curcumin treated group. This may be due to the higher rate constants of the complex compared to curcumin for their reactions with various free radicals.
TL;DR: In this article, a thin-layer chromatographic method of analysis of imatinib mesylate both as a bulk drug and in formulations was developed and validated using HPTLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Telmisartan is a new benzimidazole derivative antagonist of the subtype angiotensin II (AT-II) receptor intended for treatment of essential arterial hypertension.
Abstract: Hypertension is the most prevalent disease worldwide and requires constant monitoring. The trend in cardiovascular drug research has been to develop new compounds acting on very specific targets, for example cell-surface receptors. Angiotensin II receptors are long-acting and well tolerated. Telmisartan (Figure 1) is a new benzimidazole derivative antagonist of the subtype angiotensin II (AT-II) receptor intended for treatment of essential arterial hypertension. It is highly safe with excellent efficacy and few side-effects [1, 2].
TL;DR: The fresh mass of the EC, mean number of SE per explant and regeneration percentage were higher at lower concentrations of mutagens, and some abnormalities in regenerated plants were observed, especially variations in leaf shape.
Abstract: The embryogenic calli (EC) were obtained from hypocotyl explants of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with 0.5 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The EC were exposed to γ-radiation (10–50 Gy) or treated with 1–5 mM of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) or sodium azide (SA). The mutated EC were subcultured on embryo induction medium containing 20 mg dm−3 2,4-D. Somatic embryos (SE) developed from these calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg dm−3) and 0.5 mg dm−3 2,4-D for maturation. The well-developed embryos were cultured on germination medium consisting of MS salts with 2.0 mg dm−3 BAP and 0.25 mg dm−3 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Well-developed plantlets were transferred for hardening and hardened plants produced normal flowers and set viable seeds. The fresh mass of the EC, mean number of SE per explant and regeneration percentage were higher at lower concentrations of mutagens (up to 30 Gy/3 mM). Some abnormalities in regenerated plants were observed, especially variations in leaf shape.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It can be concluded that Tinospora cordifolia is safe at a dose of 500mg per day for a period 21 days in healthy volunteers for the parameters studied.
Abstract: It is a common misconception that ayurvedic medicines (traditional Indian system of medicine) are always safe. In fact, they also pose serious health risks either in the form of adverse reactions or in the form of drug interactions. Over 80% of our population takes ayurvedic medicines. The study was aimed to evaluate the safety profile of Tinospora cordifolia in healthy volunteers using a battery of haematological, and biochemical tests and open questionnaire method. Thirty healthy volunteers (males - 22 and females - 8) aged 18 - 30 years (mean 22.5 ± 0.28) who volunteered to participate were studied in a randomized, double - blind, placebo controlled design. The volunteers were provided with 21 days of medication (coded box) containing Tinospora cordifolia 500 mg or matching placebo. One tablet of Tinospora cordifolia of 500mg strength or placebo was taken once daily orally in the morning along with breakfast for 21 days. The safety assessment was done with the help of haematological and biochemical investigations which were assessed before and after the medication by unpaired t test. ‘Unpaired t test’ using SPSS computer software package. Analysis of the various lab values between the control and the test group before and after taking the drug/placebo by unpaired ‘t’ test shows no significant difference between the groups (p = > 0.05).Hence it can be concluded that Tinospora cordifolia is safe at a dose of 500mg per day for a period 21 days in healthy volunteers for the parameters studied.
TL;DR: In view of the potent antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities exhibited by quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones, a series of novel 2, 3-disubstituted-3, 1-quinazolin compounds have been synthesized as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In view of the potent antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities exhibited by quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones, a series of novel 2, 3-disubstituted-3,1-quinazolin-4-(3H) ones have been synthesized The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antiinflammatory activities Compounds 3a and 3l showed significant antiinflammatory activity comparable to ibuprofen, while the compound 3J showed antibacterial activity comparable to ciprofloxacin
TL;DR: The results obtained in this pilot study indicate the feasibility of discriminating normal and malignant stomach mucosal tissues by Raman spectroscopy.
TL;DR: A derivative spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the simultaneous determination of individual combination of aceclofenac and tramadol with paracetamol in combined tablet preparation and the results were found to be accurate and free from interferences.
Abstract: A derivative spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the simultaneous determination of individual combination of aceclofenac and tramadol with paracetamol in combined tablet preparation. Tablet extracts of the drugs were prepared in distilled water. The zero crossing point technique and the compensation technique were used to estimate the amount of each drug in the combined formulations, and were compared. The results were found to be accurate and free from interferences. The procedure is rapid, simple, nondestructive, and does not require solutions of equations. Calibration graphs are linear (r=0.9999), with a zero intercept up to 24 mg/ml of each drug in combination with paracetamol. Detection limits at the p = 0.05 level of significance were calculated to be 0.5 mg/ml of aceclofenac, tramadol and paracetamol respectively.