Showing papers by "State University of New York System published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this paper, the Liouville equation for the $\mathrm{XY}$ model is solved exactly, and the magnetization is computed explicitly, for a general class of time-dependent magnetic fields.
Abstract: The Liouville equation for the $\mathrm{XY}$ model is solved exactly, and the magnetization is computed explicitly. Nonergodic behavior of the magnetization is found for a general class of time-dependent magnetic fields.
494 citations
TL;DR: A complete system of equations describing the interaction between the Yang-Mills field and isotopic-spin-carrying particles in the classical limit is extracted from the equations of motion for the quantum fields.
Abstract: A complete system of equations describing the interaction between the Yang-Mills field and isotopic-spin-carrying particles in the classical limit is extracted from the equations of motion for the quantum fields. Some simple consequences are derived. The consistency of the equations is investigated.
473 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The history and nature of those models are discussed and the manner in which they become transformed into corrolary issues which form the metatheoretical basis for theory construction is analyzed.
Abstract: Models, which originate in metaphor, exist on several levels ranging from all inclusive metaphysical models to narrowly circumscribed models of specific features of theories. Models at the more general levels form the determining logical context for models at lower levels. This categorical determinism stretches from metaphysical levels through scientific theories, to the manner in which we analyze, interpret, and make inferences from empirical evidence. Two radically different models which have had a pervasive effect upon the nature of psychology generally and developmental psychology specifically are the organismic and mechanistic world views. The history and nature of those models are discussed and the manner in which they become transformed into corrolary issues which form the metatheoretical basis for theory construction is analyzed. Theories built upon different world views are logically independent and cannot be assimilated to each other. They reflect different ways of looking at the world and, as such, are incompatible in their implications.
442 citations
TL;DR: Principles abstracted from Hennig (1966) are used as axioms to form a quantitative analog of phylogenetic systematics and a close connection is demonstrated between phylogenetics and most parsinlonious trees.
Abstract: Farris, J. S. (Biol. Sci., State Unia., Stony Brook, New York, 11790), Kluge, A. G., and Eckardt, Jl. J. (Zool., Univ. Alichigan, Ann Arbor 48104) 1970. A Numerical approach to phylogenetic systematics. Syst. Zool., 19:172-191.-Principles abstracted from Hennig (1966) are used as axioms to form a quantitative analog of phylogenetic systematics. A close connection is demonstrated betneen phylogenetics and most parsinlonious trees. The compatibility of some existing clustering methods nith the principles is discussed, and a nen clustering technique, the Weighted Invariant Step Strategy ( WISS) is described. Generalization of the axioms to the case \there direction of evolution is not assumed is examined, and it is shown that the Wagner Method for estimating evolutionary trees is consistent nith the generalized phylogenetic axioms. The taxonomic philosophy propounded in Hennig's ( 1966) Plz ylogenetic Systematics
369 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a general argument for the occurrence of the second transition in the lattice gas, plus explicit results for one-dimensional fluid models with two first-order transitions.
Abstract: For a fluid in which the interaction potential has a hard core plus a negative part, softening of the hard core can produce a second transition if a first already exists. We give a general argument for the occurrence of the second transition in the lattice gas, plus explicit results for one-dimensional fluid models with two first-order transitions. One such model also provides an example of the breakdown of the law of rectilinear diameters.
268 citations
TL;DR: The records of 155 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax seen at the William Beaumont (Army) General Hospital during the period 1958 to 1968 were reviewed in retrospect with emphasis on effective management.
265 citations
212 citations
TL;DR: The composition and biosynthesis of fatty acids and complex lipids were examined in the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and the free-living planarian Dugesia dorotocephala, which have similar lipid patterns, although some quantitative differences exist.
207 citations
TL;DR: Endotoxins may play a role in the bone loss characteristic of human periodontal disease and are inhibited by serum and dependent upon the presence of albumin.
Abstract: Bacterial endotoxins can stimulate the release of previously incorporated calcium-45 and tritiated proline from fetal rat bone in tissue culture. Endotoxin from Bacteroides melaninogenicus, an organism regularly found in the gingival crevice of man, produces a response similar to parathyroid hormone and is effective at doses as low as 0.1 microgram per milliliter. This response is inhibited by serum and dependent upon the presence of albumin. Endotoxins may play a role in the bone loss characteristic of human periodontal disease.
197 citations
179 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1970TL;DR: The third school: Wakefield and the radical economists as mentioned in this paper was the first one to propose the Wakefield program for middle-class empire and the third school was the second one to adopt it.
Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Theory and politics of Free Trade Empire in the eighteenth century 3. The agrarian critique and the emergence of orthodoxy 4. The third school: Wakefield and the radical economists 5. The Wakefield program for middle-class empire 6. Parliament, political economy, and the Workshop of the World 7. Cobdenism and the 'dismal science' 8. Mercantilist revival 9. Classical political economy, the Empire of Free Trade, and imperialism Selected Bibliography Index.
TL;DR: The gradient of activity produced along the olfactory mucosa by odorant stimulation was measured by the ratio (the LB/MB ratio) of the summated neural discharges recorded from two branches of the Olfactory nerve, suggesting that the mucosa behaves like a polar chromatographic column.
Abstract: The gradient of activity produced along the olfactory mucosa by odorant stimulation was measured by the ratio (the LB/MB ratio) of the summated neural discharges recorded from two branches of the olfactory nerve, a lateral branch (LB) supplying a mucosal region near the internal naris and a medial branch (MB) supplying a region near the external naris. Twenty-four frogs "sniffed" sixteen different odorants, each odorant at four concentrations and two flow rates. Increases in concentration and flow rate produced statistically reliable increases in the ratios; the magnitude of these increases was considerably smaller than the magnitude of the statistically significant changes that could be achieved by shifting the odorants themselves. Even the small change due to concentration depended upon the odorant presented. Thus, even at the highest physiologically possible concentrations and flow rates, the general level of the activity gradient along the mucosa appeared to be determined mainly by the particular odorant used. The relative retention time of each of these 16 different odorants was measured in a gas chromatograph fitted with a Carbowax 20M column. In general, the longer the odorant's retention time the smaller its LB/MB ratio. This suggests that the different mucosal gradients of activity are established for different odorants by a chromatographic process. The data further suggest that the mucosa behaves like a polar chromatographic column.
TL;DR: As a unique feature, these EPSPs exhibited very little facilitation or depression during double shock or tetanic stimulation, and the unitary EPSPs evoked by the threshold stimulation showed little failure during many successive trials.
Abstract: Electrophysiological properties of the interpositus-rubral transmission were studied in anaesthetized cats. The axons of interpositus neurones were stimulated either at their origin in the interpositus nucleus or at their terminal in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Impulses of the interpositus axons produced in the red nucleus neurones excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) monosynaptically. As a unique feature, these EPSPs exhibited very little facilitation or depression during double shock or tetanic stimulation. Correspondingly, the unitary EPSPs evoked by the threshold stimulation showed little failure during many successive trials. The number of the interpositus axons converging onto a single red nucleus cell was about 50, when calculated from the ratio of the maximum rising slopes between the unitary and maximal EPSPs evoked from the interpositus nucleus.
TL;DR: It is believed that smaller animals have a competitive advantage while husking seeds because they have a smaller metabolic drain, and resource allocation based on husking speed differences would seem of little potential importance in maintaining competing heteromyids in a state of coexistence.
Abstract: Seven species of heteromyid rodents varying in size from 8 to 114 g were studied in the laboratory. Starved rodents husked four kinds of large seeds (spinach, sunflower, squash and pumpkin) and were timed at the task. Geometric mean husking times varied from 3.1 to 70.1 seconds, depending on the seed and the rodent. Husking time was inversely proportional to an animal's body size. However, despite their slowness, smaller animals appear to be more efficient at dealing with these large seeds because they have a smaller metabolic drain. This conclusion is based on the assumption that gross caloric need increases linearly with (body weight).75. The authors defend the assumption and thus believe that smaller animals have a competitive advantage while husking seeds. These rodents might engage in a limited amount of habitat and resource selection based on their relative seed—husking abilities. However, the order in which the various species should prefer these seeds is quite similar, so resource allocation based on husking speed differences would seem of little potential importance in maintaining competing heteromyids in a state of coexistence. Previous investigators have shown that seed selection occurs in some cases, but many cases are also known in which little or no selection is practiced.
TL;DR: Almost all teacher reprimands were found to be of a loud nature and could be heard by many other children in the class and with the institution of the soft reprimands, the frequency of disruptive behavior declined in most of the children.
Abstract: Two children in each of five classes were selected for a 4 month study because of their high rates of disruptive behavior. During a baseline condition the frequency of disruptive behaviors and teac...
TL;DR: Octadecatetraenoic acid was the predominant fatty acid, particularly of the monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction, and the relationship to the body of knowledge of the photosynthesis-associated lipids of eucaryotic microbes and to the ecology of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine food chains is discussed.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Eight photosynthetic and one heterotrophic, marine dinoflagellates were cultured axenically in chemically defined media and their fatty acids characterized. Palmitic, octadecatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic were the most typical fatty acids. Photosynthetic forms also contained the polyunsaturates icosapentaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid, the latter as a relatively minor component. The galactolipids of one photosynthetic species, Glenodinium sp., were isolated and their fatty acids analyzed. Octadecatetraenoic acid was the predominant fatty acid, particularly of the monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction.
The relationship of these findings to the body of knowledge of the photosynthesis-associated lipids of eucaryotic microbes and to the ecology of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine food chains is discussed.
TL;DR: A comparative population study on SLE from 1956–1965 revealed higher attack rates in New York City than in Jefferson County, Ala, and incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were approximately three times higher for Negro females than for whites.
Abstract: A comparative population study on SLE from 1956–1965 revealed higher attack rates in New York City than in Jefferson County, Ala. The difference was attributed to more complete case-finding in New York rather than to regional differences in predisposing factors. In both localities, incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were approximately three times higher for Negro females than for whites. In males, however, few cases were observed, and ethnic differences were considered equivocal.
TL;DR: When a flavor is immediately followed by peripheral electric shock, rats learn to use the flavor cue to avoid shock, but ingestion of that flavor is not reduced outside the shock apparatus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: When a flavor is immediately followed by peripheral electric shock, rats learn to use the flavor cue to avoid shock, but ingestion of that flavor is not reduced outside the shock apparatus. In contrast, when a flavor is followed by internal illness, rats will reject that fluid in or out of the situation where illness occurred. However, motor approach to visual cues previously associated with that flavor is not immediately affected. Thus flavor, used as a cue, acquires generalization properties depending upon the subsequent reinforcer and reflecting differential specialization in mechanisms controlling palatability and locomotor responses.
TL;DR: The results of an interdisciplinary program for low-income pregnant adolescents and their babies are reported, and striking successes are noted for both mothers and infants.
Abstract: Low-income pregnant adolescents and their offspring represent high risk individuals from medical, educational, and social points of view. This paper reports the results of an interdisciplinary program for such girls and their babies. Striking successes are noted for both mothers and infants. However, residual problems remain, and these are discussed.
TL;DR: The remarkably large Cotton effects observed at pH 5 were interpreted by the formation of a dissymmetric conformation of the bilirubin molecule upon binding to BSA in a specific manner which would permit dipole-dipole coupling between the juxtaposed dipyrrylmethene chromophores.
TL;DR: The increased optical reliability of the side-access cells helps to extend the routine application of meniscus depletion type molecular weight determinations to include molecules with sizes around 10,000 daltons.
TL;DR: In this article, sound velocities, densities, and lattice parameters of hot-pressed bodies of the solid-solution series Al2O3−Cr 2O3 were investigated.
Abstract: Sound velocities, densities, and lattice parameters of hot-pressed bodies of the solid-solution series Al2O3−Cr2O3 were investigated. Measured lattice parameters deviated slightly from Vegard's law. The compositional dependence of the longitudinal sound velocity agreed well with the predictions of Birch; the observed dependence of the bulk modulus on ionic volume did not agree with the relation of Anderson and Nafe.
TL;DR: Fibroblast cultures from both parents and one brother inoculated with Simian Virus 40, a known oncogenic agent, developed increased numbers of transformed colonies, compared with normal control cultures similarly inoculated.
TL;DR: In this article, the triton binding energy, doublet scattering length, Coulomb energy, and S′ -and D -state probabilities are determined within the framework of the Faddeev equations.
TL;DR: The Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality is used to develop a first-order perturbation theory that provides an upper bound on the free energy.
Abstract: The Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality is used to develop a first-order perturbation theory that provides an upper bound on the free energy. Charged systems as well as a system of Lennard-Jones particles are discussed, and detailed numerical estimates of the bounds are presented.
TL;DR: It is felt that the serum alkaline phosphatase is a reliable sign of the onset and remission of ectopic-bone formation in paraplegic patients.
Abstract: Fifteen paraplegic patients were followed to determine the onset, course, and remissions of ectopic-bone formation. Ectopic-bone formation occurred in seven patients and was accompanied by elevations of the serum alkaline phosphatase. In the eight patients in whom ectopic-bone formation did not occur there were no significant elevations of the serum alkaline phosphatase. It is felt, therefore, that the serum alkaline phosphatase is a reliable sign of the onset and remission of ectopic-bone formation in paraplegic patients.
TL;DR: An analysis of the ameliorative effect on stuttering known to be associated with different conditions affecting auditory reception and an integral explanation for the salutary effect are presented.
Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the ameliorative effect on stuttering known to be associated with different conditions affecting auditory reception. An integral explanation for the salutary ef...
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of favored and disfavored fragment distribution is introduced and a sum rule is proved leading to a useful quantity called energy-fragmentation fraction, which is used for limiting fragmentation.
Abstract: Remarks are made about the hypothesis of limiting fragmentation. In particular, the concept of favored and disfavored fragment distribution is introduced. Also a sum rule is proved leading to a useful quantity called energy-fragmentation fraction.
TL;DR: Determination of unidirectional rate of (14)C-labeled galactose uptake by preloaded galactokinaseless cells, containing a large unlabeled free-galactose pool, showed that the rate of galactOSE uptake by facilitated diffusion is greater than the rateof galactosed metabolism at similar external galactoses concentrations.
Abstract: The characteristics of the inducible galactose system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied by using the nonmetabolized galactose analogues, l-arabinose and d-fucose, and galactokinaseless and transportless mutants. Induced wild-type cells transport l-arabinose by facilitated diffusion. Transportless cells transport neither galactose nor l-arabinose above the noninduced rate, whereas galactokinaseless cells transport galactose l-arabinose and d-fucose by facilitated diffusion. Determination of unidirectional rate of 14C-labeled galactose uptake by preloaded galactokinaseless cells, containing a large unlabeled free-galactose pool, showed that the rate of galactose uptake by facilitated diffusion is greater than the rate of galactose metabolism at similar external galactose concentrations.