Swedish Institute

About: Swedish Institute is a government organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 1657 authors who have published 2301 publications receiving 103682 citations. The organization is also known as: Svenska Institutet.

Intergenogroup recombination in sapoviruses.

Abstract: Sapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. Analyses of the complete genome sequences led us to identify the first sapovirus intergenogroup recombinant strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the nonstructural region (i.e., genome start to capsid start) grouped this strain into genogroup II, whereas the structural region (i.e., capsid start to genome end) grouped this strain into genogroup IV. We found that a recombination event occurred at the polymerase and capsid junction. This is the first report of intergenogroup recombination for any calicivirus and highlights a possible route of zoonoses because sapovirus strains that infect pig species belong to genogroup III.

Texture in hot rolled austenite and resulting transformation products

Abstract: By making use of a commercially processed TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel it was possible to directly measure the texture of hot rolled low alloyed austenite from the traces of retained austenite (9%) remaining at room temperature. This texture was used as the basis for analysing preferred orientation of the transformation products, ferrite and bainite, in the same steel. The EBSP (electron back scattering patterns) method was employed to determine textures of the different phases. The austenite condition was shown to be partially recrystallised, having a β -fibre texture in the deformed structure and a spread from cube to Goss in the recrystallised regions The polygonal ferrite and bainite textures have many similarities but also some differences, being significantly stronger in the bainite, especially the 100〈011〉 component. A model is presented which explains quite well the transformation texture based on the orientation relationship between austenite and ferrite. Where appropriate, variant selectivity is incorporated by reference to accepted theories of phase transformations in steels. Both nucleation and growth are considered to play roles in defining transformation textures, depending on the physical processes which are involved.

New enteroviruses, EV-93 and EV-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Abstract: Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. During 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were sent for typing to the National Reference Centre for Enteroviruses in Lyon, France. The 5' UTR of the viral genome could be amplified by PCR for 158 isolates from 114 patients. Isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio enterovirus types. Seventeen children were infected with more than one entero- or adenovirus; another three were co-infected with both these viruses. Serological typing failed with 19 isolates from 13 (9%) patients. The VP1 region of these strains could be amplified by PCR and sequenced, which revealed that five children were infected with CV-A17, EV-70, EV-76, EV-77, or CV-A13. Two patients were doubly infected, one with CV-A24 and E-9, and another with E-27 and EV-81. Isolates from six children contained strains with divergent VP1 region. The amino acid sequences of these complete VP1 regions diverged >or=28% from published types indicating that they represented two new enterovirus types, tentatively designated EV-93 belonging to HEV-B and EV-94 within HEV-D. The latter enterovirus has in parallel been isolated from sewage in Egypt. In conclusion, there was a high frequency of "untypable" enterovirus isolates from cases with acute flaccid paralysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Six of these were shown to represent two enteroviruses not previously described.