Swedish Institute

About: Swedish Institute is a government organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 1657 authors who have published 2301 publications receiving 103682 citations. The organization is also known as: Svenska Institutet.

Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in relation to testicular-cancer risk: a nested case-control study.

Abstract: An infectious etiology of testicular cancer has been suggested. We have evaluated seroreactivity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in relation to testicular-cancer risk in ...

Development of a standard method for quantitative depth profile analysis of zinc‐based metallic coatings by direct current glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy

Abstract: A method for the determination of the thickness and composition of zinc-based coatings on steel has been developed. The method is based on direct current glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES). Six different types of coated materials supplied by five major European steel producers have been used to develop and evaluate the method. The types of coatings are hot-dipped zinc, electroplated zinc, electroplated ZnNi, Galvanneal (electroplated and annealed ZnFe), Galfan (hot-dipped Zn95Al5 alloy) and Aluzink (hot-dipped Zn43Al55Si2 alloy). In the research phase, the range of suitable analytical conditions for these materials was established. Based on these results, a preliminary standard method was established. The method is based on calibration of the emitted light per unit weight of each element. It is recommended that Certified Reference Materials (CRM/s) are used for calibration, and a range of alloy types can be used (multi-matrix calibration). An interlaboratory comparison based on the preliminary standard method was carried out, involving 12 laboratories from eight countries, using nine different types of glow discharge spectrometers. The results show that the method works very well for accurate and rapid determination of the major element (Zn) and the coating thickness. The concentrations of alloying elements also could be determined very accurately, but the interlaboratory variations were generally too high. Based on these results, several amendments to the standard method have been suggested. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Development of microstructure during the fabrication of Si3N4 by nitridation and pressureless sintering of Si:Si3N4 compacts

Abstract: The technique for the fabrication of Si3N4 which was investigated involves the nitridation of Si:Si3N4 powder compacts containing additions of sintering aids (e.g. Y2O3 and Al2O3) followed by pressureless sintering. The development of microstructure during fabrication by this method has been followed by X-ray diffraction and analytical electron microscopy. As well as being important for the sintering process, it was found that the sintering aids promote nitridation through reaction with the surface silica on the powder particles. During nitridation extremely fine grained Si3N4 forms at silicon powder particle surfaces and at tunnel walls extending into the interior of these powder particles. Secondary crystalline phases which form during nitridation are eliminated from the microstructure during sintering. Theα- toΒ-Si3N4 phase transformation is completed early in the sintering process, but despite this the fully sintered product contains fineΒ-Si3N4 grains. TheΒ grains are surrounded by a thin intergranular amorphous film.

Pre-vaccination prevalence of human papillomavirus types in the genital tract of 15–23-year-old women attending a youth health clinic in Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract: Knowledge of the prevalence of different human papillomavirus (HPV) types in young girls is important for the early detection of changes in HPV prevalence, e.g. due to HPV vaccines. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the prevalence of 24 different genital HPV types in a group of sexually active young women (aged 15–23 y) attending a major youth healthcare centre in Stockholm, before the introduction of public HPV vaccination of young women in the autumn of 2010. A total of 615 women were analyzed for 24 different, mainly high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and Luminex technology. A high HPV prevalence in this cohort was demonstrated, particularly with regard to HPV16, but also to all included HR-HPV types. Of the 544 successfully analyzed samples from non-vaccinated individuals, 70% were positive for the HPV types assayed for, and 62% were positive for HR-HPV types. Over a third (34.7%) of the women were infected with HPV16, and a high frequen...