Swinburne University of Technology

About: Swinburne University of Technology is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Galaxy & Population. The organization has 7223 authors who have published 25530 publications receiving 667955 citations. The organization is also known as: Swinburne Technical College & Swinburne College of Technology.

Physiotherapists' use of evidence based practice: a cross-national study

Abstract: This study investigated clinical physiotherapists' reasons for their use of treatment techniques, with a particular focus on their utilisation of journal review and research literature. A questionnaire was completed by 180 physiotherapists in England and 141 physiotherapists in Australia. Despite the greater prevalence of pre-registration degree respondents in Australia, there were no differences between the two national groups in their reasons given for choice of treatment techniques. The basis of over 90% of each groups choice of techniques reflected what was taught during their initial training. Experience of treatment effects on prior patients, and information gained in practice-related courses, were also primary reasons. Research literature ranked least in importance as a basis for choosing techniques, and review articles fared little better. The results indicated that these physiotherapists relied mainly on information gained from formal pre- and post-registration courses. By implication, the most obvious means of influencing physiotherapists' attitudes to research utilisation lies with those responsible for physiotherapy education.

The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: the spectroscopic QSO catalogue

Abstract: We present the final spectroscopic QSO catalogue from the 2dF-SDSS LRG (luminous red galaxy) and QSO (2SLAQ) survey. This is a deep, 18 < g < 21.85 (extinction corrected), sample aimed at probing in detail the faint end of the broad line active galactic nuclei luminosity distribution at z 2.6. The candidate QSOs were selected from SDSS photometry and observed spectroscopically with the 2dF spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. This sample covers an area of 191.9 deg 2 and contains new spectra of 16 326 objects, of which 8764 are QSOs and 7623 are newly discovered [the remainder were previously identified by the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ) and SDSS]. The full QSO sample (including objects previously observed in the SDSS and 2QZ surveys) contains 12 702 QSOs. The new 2SLAQ spectroscopic data set also contains 2343 Galactic stars, including 362 white dwarfs, and 2924 narrow emission-line galaxies with a median redshift of z = 0.22. We present detailed completeness estimates for the survey, based on modelling of QSO colours, including host-galaxy contributions. This calculation shows that at g � 21.85 QSO colours are significantly affected by the presence of a host galaxy up to redshift z ∼ 1i n the SDSS ugriz bands. In particular, we see a significant reddening of the objects in g − i towards the fainter g-band magnitudes. This reddening is consistent with the QSO host galaxies being dominated by a stellar population of age at least 2–3 Gyr.

Capturing the active sites of multimetallic (oxy)hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract: Efficient generation of H2via water-splitting is an underpinning technology for realizing the hydrogen economy. However, the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires a large energy input. Low-cost, transition metals such as NiFe oxides/hydroxides have been regarded as one of the most efficient catalysts for the OER in alkaline media, although the detailed mechanisms remain debated due to the lack of direct evidence for the proposed active sites during the catalytic processes. Herein, we show a NiFe (oxy)hydroxide catalyst doped with a third metal Cr prepared by facile electrodeposition to achieve further enhanced activity for the OER. Operando Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) characterisation were employed to detect the formation of active intermediates and M–O bonds on active sites during the OER process. For the host NiFe (oxy)hydroxide catalyst, the shorter Fe–O in the Fe-substituted-β-NiOOH intermediate is observed as active sites for the OER. A Cr, Fe-substituted-β-NiOOH intermediate is detected in the enhanced NiFeCr (oxy)hydroxide catalyst where Cr is oxidized into the 6+ valence state with optimal Cr–O bonds, adding new active sites to boost the OER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the operando spectroscopic observations and reveal the lower overpotential at the Cr6+ sites in the NiFeCr oxyhydroxide intermediate than the Fe3+ sites in the NiFe oxyhydroxide intermediate. This study demonstrates a strategy for designing highly active OER catalysts by introducing high valence metals into oxides/hydroxides to further enhance the kinetics of water oxidation.

The SAURON project: XV. Modes of star formation in early-type galaxies and the evolution of the red sequence

Abstract: We combine SAURON integral field data of a representative sample of local early-type, red sequence galaxies with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera imaging in order to investigate the presence of trace star formation in these systems. With the Spitzer data, we identify galaxies hosting low-level star formation, as traced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, with measured star formation rates that compare well to those estimated from other tracers. This star formation proceeds according to established scaling relations with molecular gas content, in surface density regimes characteristic of disc galaxies and circumnuclear starbursts. We find that star formation in early-type galaxies happens exclusively in fast-rotating systems and occurs in two distinct modes. In the first, star formation is a diffuse process, corresponding to widespread young stellar populations and high molecular gas content. The equal presence of co- and counter-rotating components in these systems strongly implies an external origin for the star-forming gas, and we argue that these star formation events may be the final stages of (mostly minor) mergers that build up the bulges of red sequence lenticulars. In the second mode of star formation, the process is concentrated into well-defined disc or ring morphologies, outside of which the host galaxies exhibit uniformly evolved stellar populations. This implies that these star formation events represent rejuvenations within previously quiescent stellar systems. Evidence for earlier star formation events similar to these in all fast-rotating early-type galaxies suggests that this mode of star formation may be common to all such galaxies, with a duty cycle of roughly 1/10, and likely contributes to the embedded, corotating inner stellar discs ubiquitous in this population.