Showing papers by "Tokyo Institute of Technology published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new type of soft gripper which can softly and gently conform to objects of any shape and hold them with uniform pressure is presented, which is realized by means of a mechanism consisting of multi-links and series of pulleys which can be simply actuated by a pair of wires.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concentration characteristics of thin-film solar cells were reported and the energy conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells at a concentration ratio of 109 is 9.4% and the output power density is 0.82 W/cm2.
350 citations
295 citations
TL;DR: Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin can be in a bipolar structure or in a non-polar structure, depending on the method of preparing the thick filaments, and the ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzardmyosin does not show activity depression at low ionic strength.
Abstract: In our previous study (Onishi, H., Susuki, H., Nakamura, k., and Watanabe, S. J. Biochem. 83, 835-847, 1978), we found it to be characteristic of chicken gizzard myosin that thick filaments of gizzard myosin are readily disassembled by a stoichiometric amount of ATP (3 mol of ATP per mol of myosin), and that the ATPase activity of gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled state is much lower than that of gizzard myosin disassembled by a high concentration of KCl. We now report the following findings: (1) Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin can be in a bipolar structure or in a non-polar structure, depending on the method of preparing the thick filaments. (2) Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in either the bioplar or the non-polar structure are readily disassembled by ATP. (3) Addition of rabbit skeletal C-protein does not confer ATP resistance on thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin. (4) Unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled state is in a dimeric form as determined by ultracentrifugation. Moreover, 0.2 M KCl-dissociated gizzard myosin in monomeric form is converted to a dimeric form by ATP. (5) The Mg-ATPase activity of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin is much lower in its dimeric form (less than one-tenth) than in its monomeric form. The activity depression observed around 0.15 M KCl is therefore due to the formation of myosin dimers. (6) Skeletal L-meromyosin can increase the very low activity of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin ATPase at low ionic strength (0.13 M KCl) by forming ATP-resistant hybrid filaments with (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin, preventing the formation of myosin dimers. (7) Gizzard myosin in which one of the light-chain components is phosphorylated by myosin light-chain kinase can form thick filaments which are resistant to the disassembling action of ATP. (8) Even in the presence of ATP, thick filaments of phosphorylated gizzard myosin do not disassembled into myosin dimers. Accordingly, the ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin does not show activity depression at low ionic strength.
253 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an energy-based method to predict chip formation and cutting force for a single point tool of arbitrary geometry, using the predicted results together with an assumption made on the stress distribution on the tool face, the temperature distribution within chip and tool is obtained through a numerical analysis.
Abstract: Through the energy method proposed in the previous parts of this study, it is possible to predict chip formation and cutting force for a single point tool of arbitrary geometry. By using the predicted results together with an assumption made on the stress distribution on the tool face, the temperature distribution within chip and tool is obtained through a numerical analysis. A characteristic equation of crater wear of carbide tool is derived theoretically and verified experimentally. Computer simulation of crater wear development is then carried out by using the characteristic equation, and the predicted distributions of the stress and the temperature.
232 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical conductivity of polyacetylene films with various cis-trans compositions was measured and the resistivity and energy gap of a 92,5% trans polymer were 1,01·104Ω·cm and 0,56 eV, respectively.
Abstract: The electrical conductivity of crystalline polyacetylene films having various cis-trans compositions was measured. The resistivity and the energy gap of a 92,5% trans polymer were 1,01·104Ω·cm and 0,56 eV, respectively, whereas the values of a 20,0% trans polymer were 2,35·108Ω·cm and 0,93 eV, respectively. These differences are discussed in terms of the effective conjugation length estimated from visible spectra and ESR measurements, and the spacing between molecular planes obtained by x-ray diffraction measurements.
212 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis has been conducted based on the model that positive ions produced by ionization near the wire electrode move toward the plate, introducing the bulk convective motion of neutral molecules as the result of collisions of ions and neutral molecules.
Abstract: The corona wind, with a velocity of several meters per second, is caused by applying high electric tension to bring about corona discharge in gases. In this paper the corona wind is experimentally and theoretically analyzed from an electrohydrod ynamical (EHD) standpoint. Experiments have been performed mainly in nitrogen by a two-dimensional electrode arrangement of a fine wire anode and a plate cathode. The voltage-current characteristics of an electrostatic probe indicate that positive ions predominate in the whole space except in an extremely narrow region close to the wire. A theoretical analysis has been conducted based on the model that positive ions produced by ionization near the wire electrode move toward the plate, introducing the bulk convective motion of neutral molecules as the result of collisions of ions and neutral molecules. The electric potential distribution in the space and pressure distribution on the plate calculated numerically agree well with the experimental data. Consequently, it is made clear that the corona wind is caused by the Coulomb force exerted on ions and collisions of ions and neutral molecules of gas.
195 citations
187 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of monolithic gel as the precursor of oxide glass has been done concerning the hydrolysis and gelling of silicon tetramethoxide and the properties of dry gel.
Abstract: Basic research on the formation of monolithic gel as the precursor of oxide glass has been done concerning the hydrolysis and gelling of silicon tetramethoxide and the properties of dry gel. Disks of dried gel were prepared without fracture by adding the necessary amount of water for hydrolysis into a methanol solution of silicon tetramethoxide, followed by drying the formed gel while keeping the vapour pressure of the methanol under control. The dried gel was porous with micropores ranging from 15 to 100 A in diameter. It had a specific surface area of more than 300 m2 g−1 and about 30% porosity. Monolithic gel was also prepared by using dilute ammonia water for hydrolysis. The time taken to gel became shorter with increasing ammonium ion concentration, but resulted in a gel of coarser structure. Dehydration polymerization of 60 to 75% occurred at room temperature. The polymerization was more pronounced in gels made with higher ammonium concentrations, but the amount of unreacted ethoxy group was also larger in these gels.
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of the diffuse phase transition in a Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 crystal of the disordered perovskite type was investigated.
Abstract: The behavior of the diffuse phase transition in a Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 crystal of the disordered perovskite type was investigated. The electrooptic effect, spontaneous polarization, dielectric constant and thermal expansion were measured carefully as a function of temperature in the region of the phase transition. Using the technique suggested by Rolov, statistical treatments based on a Gaussian distribution function for the local Curie temperature were applied in interpreting the temperature dependence of various physical properties of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3. Good agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental results.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that tetramethylammonium tetrachlorozincate exhibits ferroelectricity along a axis in the temperature range between 3.3 and 6.0°C.
Abstract: Tetramethylammonium tetrachlorozincate, {N(CH 3 ) 4 } 2 ZnCl 4 has been found to undergo successive phase transitions at about -112, -92, 3.3, 6.0 and 20°C and to show ferroelectricity along the a axis in the temperature range between 3.3 and 6.0°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the elastic modulus and Young's and shear moduli of the glasses in the system Al2O3-Y2O-3-SiO2, containing TiO2 and La2O 3, and found that they were in good agreement with theoretical values.
Abstract: Glasses in the system Al2O3-Y2O3-SiO2, containing TiO2 and La2O3, were investigated. Glasses of high refractive index and elastic modulus were developed. The observed Young's and shear moduli of these glasses show good agreement with theoretical values. Agreement was also found between the observed and calculated values of refractive index when the Appen's empirical coefficients were used.
TL;DR: In this article, optical absorption and reflection measurements have been carried out on pure and doped polyacetylene films, and the absorption data are consistent with a model of (CH)X as a direct gap quasi-l d semiconductor; doping with AsF5 or iodine introduces absorption within the gap, but appears to leave the interband transition intact.
TL;DR: X-Pro dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase purified homogeneously from the human submaxillary gland was proved to hydrolyze N-terminal dipePTide Arg1-Pro2 and subsequent dipeptic Lys3-Pro4 from substance P, and the N- terminal Arg-Pro of bradykinin was not cleaved by the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this article, the perovskite phase LaMnO3±λ was revealed to have nonstoichiometry ranging from 2.947 to 3.079 under the oxygen partial pressure below logPO2(atm)=0 at 1200°C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of external stress during aging below 453 K induces the oriented precipitation of G.P. zones and θ′ in an Al3.71% Cu alloy.
TL;DR: The reading mechanism, with its span of recognition, scans a text in a heavily overlapping manner suggesting the pre-processing of letters at the outer edge of the critical spans of recognition.
TL;DR: L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli A-1-3 was modified with activated polyethylene glycols with molecular weights of 750, 1900 and 5000 and retained the enzymic activity and had a resistivity against trypsin.
TL;DR: It is shown theoretically that the relaxation oscillation in the direct modulation of the injection laser is reduced by transverse carrier diffusion when the stripe width is comparable to the carrier diffusion length.
Abstract: It is shown theoretically that the relaxation oscillation in the direct modulation of the injection laser is reduced by transverse carrier diffusion when the stripe width is comparable to the carrier diffusion length. Modified rate equations are derived by considering the distribution of the light intensity, the carrier density, and the diffusion of the carrier. By small-signal analysis of the rate equations it is found that the height of the resonancelike peak in the modulation characteristics is a minimum when the transverse width in which both the light and the carriers are confined is around the diffusion length.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the catalytic behavior and the acidbase properties of the metal oxides, and concluded that the activation of methanol by acidic sites is a necessary condition for the formation of formaldehyde.
TL;DR: A new fluorogenic substrate, 7-(Gly-Pro)-4-methylcoumarinamide, for X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase is synthesized and it was discovered in human cerebrospinal fluid.
TL;DR: Computerized analyses were performed on the movement of spermatozoa recorded with a high-speed camera to provide evidence for active bending waves over the entire length of the flagellum and a single equation for waves in all cases examined.
Abstract: Computerized analyses were performed on the movement of spermatozoa recorded with a high-speed camera. These provide evidence for active bending waves over the entire length of the flagellum and a single equation for waves in all cases examined. In the equation, the angular direction of the flagellum at any distance from the base is expressed by a sine function of time plus a constant, and thus flagellar waves are ‘sine-generated’. To explain the waves a model was proposed in which the active force required to generate sliding between peripheral microtubules is propagated along and around the flagellar axoneme.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of ethanol and crushed dry ice is circulated through a buried tube to freeze a column of sand which is then pulled out en masse to obtain undisturbed samples of saturated clean sands.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of applied stress on the γ→α martensitic transformation in spherical iron precipitates under the uniaxial applied stress was examined by using a Cu-1 wt.% Fe alloy single crystal.
TL;DR: In this article, a reversible order-disorder transition of strontium ferrate (III) took place and the compound had a statistically disordered oxygen-deficient perovskite structure with cubic symmetry.
TL;DR: A double inverted pendulum is successfully stabilized at the upright position by using a computer control using a linear functional observer and requires less computation time and controls the system in more stable way.
TL;DR: Tetramethylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate, {N(CH3)4}2 CoCl4, has been found to undergo successive phase transitions at about −151, −81, 3.0, 4.6, 7.1 and 20°C as discussed by the authors.