Showing papers by "University of Bordeaux published in 1988"
TL;DR: This paper emphasizes the structural characterizations and properties of the systems which depend only on the structure of the metabolic network, and not on the reaction kinetics, and shows the efficiency of such a structural approach.
539 citations
TL;DR: This article reported thermoluminescence dates for 20 specimens of burnt flints recovered from the hominid-bearing layers of Qafzeh1 and Skhul2,3 caves in Israel have yielded the remains of over 30 hominids.
Abstract: The Qafzeh1 and Skhul2,3 caves in Israel have yielded the remains of over 30 hominids. Despite their association with Mousterian deposits, these have been recognized as forerunners of other Homo sapiens sapiens on morphological grounds and have been called 'Proto-Cro-Magnons'1. Other west Asian caves (Amud, Tabun, Kebara and Shanidar) have yielded skeletal remains of Neanderthals associated with similar Middle Palaeolithic deposits. The lack of precise dates for these deposits has made it difficult to ascertain which of the two hominids was present first in the area1'4–9. Recently we reported an age of ≈60 kyr for the Neanderthal burial at Kebara6 (Israel). Here we report thermolumines-cence dates for 20 specimens of burnt flints recovered from the hominid-bearing layers of Qafzeh1. The dates, which range from ∼90 to 100 kyr bp, provide an independent measure for the great antiquity of southwest Asian modern humans which have previously been dated to ∼40 kyr bp on the basis of European models7–9 . Our results also exclude a close phylogenetic relationship between the Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals1,4–6.
345 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Li and NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 were intercalated in the NASICON framework and the electrochemical results showed the reversibility of the process and the existence of large biphased domains in both systems.
260 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ESR method was used to date enamel of large mammals from the hominid-bearing layers, assuming a constant rate of uptake of U through time by the teeth, they obtained an age of 115 ± 15 kyr.
234 citations
TL;DR: Several volatile substances from wines and oak-wood phenolic fraction of aroma are identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as mentioned in this paper, and sensorial analysis of each substance demonstrates the negligible intervention in wine aroma of furfural, 5-methyl-furfural and furfuryl alcohol, and the important participation of cis and trans β-methylγ-octalactone, vanilin 4-ethyl-phenol and 4-methyl gaiacol.
Abstract: L'elevage des vins en barriques modifie profondement leur expression aromatique.L'etude par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et spectrometrie de masse permet d'identifier plusieurs substances volatiles appartenant a la fraction phenolique des aromes.Les vins rouges presentent naturellement une composition complexe en phenols volatils alors que celle des vins blancs est plus simple. L'elevage sous bois entraine une augmentation notable des phenols deja presents ainsi que l'apparition de molecules specifiques au bois dechene brule.L'interaction des levures et des bacteries avec le bois est mise en evidence.Les vins rouges se caracterisent par une presence parfois abondante d'ethyl phenols, les vins blancs qui ne subissent pas la fermentation malolactique s'en differencient par l'abondancede vinyl phenols.L'etude sensorielle de chaque substance permet de demontrer le role negligeable de certaines : furfural, methyl-5-furfural, alcool furfurylique et le role exceptionnel joue par d'autres : cis et trans β-methyl-γ-octalactone, vanilline et dans certains cas ethyl-4-phenol et ethyl-4-gaiacol.+++Wood storage of wines changes profondly their aromatic expression.Several volatile substances from wines and oak woods phenolic fraction of aroma are identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Wood storage increases natural phenols concentration. Simultaneously specific burned wood molecules appear.Yeast and bacterial interaction with wood is demonstrated. Ethyl phenols are characteristic of red wines and vinyl phenols of white wines without malolactic fermentation.The sensorial analysis of each substance demonstrates the negligible intervention in wine aroma of furfural, 5-methyl-furfural, and furfuryl alcohol, and the important participation of cis and trans β-methyl-γ-octalactone, vanilin 4-ethyl-phenol and 4-ethyl gaiacol.
170 citations
TL;DR: The aims of this study were to search for early predictors of outcome and to ascertain the long‐term prognosis of BECT in a large group of patients, and to locate patients born between 1941 and 1967 and consecutively seen as outpatients.
Abstract: A spontaneous and complete recovery of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal or rolandic spikes (BECT) is taken for granted. However, some authors have reported the occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a few adult patients and in some children who have seizures after a long period without problems. The aims of this study were (a) to search for early predictors of outcome and (b) to ascertain the long-term prognosis of BECT in a large group of patients. An attempt to relocate 268 patients born between 1941 and 1967 and consecutively seen as outpatients was undertaken. The outcome after age 20 is known for only 168. Being adults and cured, the others are no longer in touch with their clinics or have moved. Only one indicator of short-term prognosis was found: The earlier the onset of BECT, the longer the period with seizures. Of the 168 patients, 165 are seizure-free with follow-up ranging from 7 to 30 years. Three patients experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures at age 18, 22-24, and 35. Two apparently had an isolated seizure. The occurrence of such seizures after recovery from BECT is a rare event (approximately 2% of cases) and a relapse with partial seizures is quite uncommon. These patients do not differ from patients remaining seizure-free.
136 citations
TL;DR: By post-mortem biochemical measurements, it is shown that bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of DA innervation of the amygdala leads to an increase in DA activity in the nucleus accumbens and a reduction in the prefrontal cortex.
131 citations
01 Nov 1988-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: The pyloric network can be considered as a set of conditional oscillatory neurons, one of which, the interneuron AB, has a pacemaker function.
Abstract: In the stomatogastric nervous system of the Cape lobster,Jasus lalandii, all the neurons comprising the pyloric central pattern generator are cellular oscillators. This was shown by isolating in situ pyloric neurons from all other elements in the pyloric network. These neuronal oscillators are conditional and require modulatory inputs from anterior centers in order to express their oscillatory capabilities.
127 citations
TL;DR: The immunohistochemical study of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcomas made it possible to test eight different antibodies currently used in tumour pathology: i.e., antisera to vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, neurofilaments, and leukocyte common antigen.
Abstract: The immunohistochemical study of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcomas made it possible to test eight different antibodies currently used in tumour pathology: i.e., antisera to vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, neurofilaments, and leukocyte common antigen. Vimentin was found in 58 cases (97 per cent), desmin in 49 cases (82 per cent), myoglobin in 23 cases (38 per cent), S100 protein in 7 cases (12 per cent), and cytokeratin in 3 cases (5 per cent). Other markers were negative. S100 protein was present in large round tumour cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (round rhabdomyoblasts), whereas cytokeratin was present in small tumour cells similar to those observed in rhabdoid sarcoma. This unexpected staining should become common knowledge for the correct interpretation of the immunohistochemical study of small cell tumours in the young.
124 citations
TL;DR: It follows that the monadic second-order theory of an equational graph, or of the set of countable graphs of width less than an integerm, is decidable.
Abstract: A countable graph can be considered as the value of a certain infinite expression, represented itself by an infinite tree. We establish that the set of finite or infinite (expression) trees constructed with a finite number of operators, the value of which is a graph satisfying a property expressed in monadic second-order logic, is itself definable in monadic second-order logic. From Rabin's theorem, the emptiness of this set of (expression) trees is decidable. It follows that the monadic second-order theory of an equational graph, or of the set of countable graphs of width less than an integerm, is decidable.
123 citations
TL;DR: The best area for ablation is, in the opinion, the recording site for the Kent-bundle activity, but a meticulous mapping of the atrioventricular anulus during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia makes ablation possible when the shortest ventriculoatrial time (V-A') can be recorded with reliability.
Abstract: Thirty-five consecutive patients with an overt accessory pathway, all but two suffering from arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, reciprocating tachycardia, or both), underwent attempted transcatheter ablation (fulguration) of their accessory pathway. Thirty-three patients had been treated with a mean of 2.3 +/- 1.4 antiarrhythmic drugs. A standard bipolar catheter was positioned on the internal surface of the right or left atrioventricular anulus with 1) a subclavian approach of the right cardiac cavities in 29 patients with right-sided accessory pathway (n = 27) or left posteroseptal accessory pathway (n = 2), 2) a patent foramen ovale in five patients (two with a left posterolateral accessory pathway and three with a left parietal accessory pathway), and a transseptal catheterism (one patient with a left parietal accessory pathway). Cathodic shocks (mean, 4.3 shocks/patient) with a mean cumulative energy of 690 J enabled the ablation (disappearance of both anterograde and retrograde conduction) of the accessory pathway in 32 patients with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 32 months (mean, 10 +/- 8 months). Two of the remaining three accessory pathways were impaired: one pathway became intermittent, the anterograde effective refractory period of the second pathway increased from 260 to 410 msec, and the third pathway was slightly impaired. This latter patient is the only one who still requires therapy, with a single antiarrhythmic drug. All others are free of arrhythmias and require no therapy. Not using coronary sinus catheterism inclusive of its os has led to only a few, benign side effects. Only one third-degree atrioventricular block occurred in a posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation. Three cases of patients with incessant reciprocating tachycardia involving a further successful ablation occurred at the beginning of our experience. The best area for ablation is, in our opinion, the recording site for the Kent-bundle activity (18 of 35 patients), but a meticulous mapping of the atrioventricular anulus during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia makes ablation possible when the shortest ventriculoatrial time (V-A') can be recorded with reliability (mean, 85 +/- 18 msec). Such a procedure is an alternative to surgical ablation regardless of the location of the accessory pathway--not only posteroseptally.
TL;DR: In this article, infrared and Raman spectroscopies have been applied to study rf sputtered tungsten oxide films as prepared and after the chemical modifications induced by successive coloration/bleaching cycles.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the aversive properties of opioid receptor antagonism are centrally mediated in both naive and dependent rats, and that their enhancement in morphine-dependent subjects results from a sensitized central mechanism rather than from the recruitment of a peripheral component.
TL;DR: The results suggest that a double neuroendocrine mechanism (a lack of GnRH production and a dopaminergic inhibition of Gn RH action) is involved in the prepubertal blockage of eel gonadotropic function before the reproductive migration.
TL;DR: The role of mud banks was documented by vertical aerial photographs taken in 1979, 1982 and 1984 as discussed by the authors, which allow the delineation of the intertidal parts of the banks at low tide and at identical tidal ranges.
TL;DR: The distribution of methyl-phenanthrenes, -anthracenes, -chrysenes and -pyrenes in twelve immature coal samples from the Mahakam delta (Indonesia) have been examined by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and high resolution Shpol'skii spectroscopy (HRS) as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic and magnetic structures of Fe 4 N and Mn 4 N were calculated using the augmented spherical wave method (A. S. W.) and compared with Goodenough's phenomenological model and Heusler alloys.
Abstract: Using the augmented spherical wave method (A. S. W.) we calculate the electronic and magnetic structures of Fe 4 N and Mn 4 N. Both nitrides are found to order magnetically exhibiting ferro- and ferrimagnetic spin alignment respectively. The magnetic moments found are in good agreement with neutron data. Both systems can be described via covalent magnetism. Comparison with Goodenough's phenomenological model as well as with Heusler alloys is given Calcul des structures electroniques et magnetiques en utilisant la methode de «l'onde spherique augmentee». Les deux composes s'ordonnent magnetiquement avec un alignement ferro- et ferrimagnetique. Les valeurs des moments magnetiques sont en bon accord avec celles de la litterature. Comparaison avec le modele phenomenologique de Goodenough et avec les alliages de Heusler
TL;DR: Its appearance at this time in hominid evolution, in conjunction with the presence of a fatigue-resistant locomotor anatomy characteristic of archaic members of the genus Homo, indicates a shift to increasingly prolonged bouts of activity in open and arid environments.
Abstract: Modern humans, among extant hominoids, possess a unique projecting, external nose whose basic structure is reflected in a series of skeletal features including nasal bone convexity, an internasal angle, lateral nasal aperture eversion, prominence and anterior positioning of the anterior nasal spine, an acute angle of the subnasal alveolar clivus, and an expansion of the breadth of the nasal bones relative to that of the piriform aperture. This anatomy appears with the emergence of Homo erectus ca. 1.6 million years ago. Although it undoubtedly evolved in the context of craniofacial and dental reduction during hominid evolution, it appears to have been primarily a response to the need for moisture conservation in an arid environment via turbulence enhancement and ambient cooling of expired air. Its appearance at this time in hominid evolution, in conjunction with the presence of a fatigue-resistant locomotor anatomy characteristic of archaic members of the genus Homo, indicates a shift to increasingly prolonged bouts of activity in open and arid environments.
TL;DR: In addition to ethanol, the fermentation of grape must by yeasts produces fatty acids as secondary metabolites which inhibit growth of lactic acid bacteria.
Abstract: In addition to ethanol, the fermentation of grape must by yeasts produces fatty acids as secondary metabolites which inhibit growth of lactic acid bacteria. The degree of inhibition depends upon the fatty acid concentration and chain length and on the composition of the medium.
TL;DR: This work analyzes the large time behavior in a nonlinear model of population dynamics with age-dependence and spatial diffusion and shows that when t→+∞ either the solution of the problem goes to 0 or it stabilizes to a nontrivial stationary solution.
Abstract: In this work we analyze the large time behavior in a nonlinear model of population dynamics with age-dependence and spatial diffusion. We show that when t→+∞ either the solution of our problem goes to 0 or it stabilizes to a nontrivial stationary solution. We give two typical examples where the stationary solutions can be evaluated upon solving very simple partial differential equations. As a by-product of the extinction case we find a necessary condition for a nontrivial periodic solution to exist. Numerical computations not described below show a rapid stabilization.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced a one-to-one correspondence between directed animals on a square lattice and a class of one-dimensional paths, and derived the formulae giving the exact number of directed animals of given size and the average width of such animals.
TL;DR: The theoretical and experimental foundations established by Feldberg in 1971 (ECE mechanism) have been applied, using fast electrochemical techniques, to various organometallic reactions such as isomerization, ligand exchange, chelation, decomplexation, and CO insertion and extrusion.
Abstract: Parallel to organic electrocatalysis, the field of organotransition metal electrocatalysis has developed explosively since 1980. The theoretical and experimental foundations established by Feldberg in 1971 (ECE mechanism) have been applied, using fast electrochemical techniques, to various organometallic reactions such as isomerization, ligand exchange, chelation, decomplexation, and CO insertion and extrusion. Most of the work performed to date concerns ligand exchange reactions of N-donors and P-donors in mononuclear compounds, initiated by oxidants (or anodes) and of carbonyls and P-donors in clusters, initiated by reducing agents (or cathodes). The preparative aspects of electrocatalysis have already been impressively developed in cluster chemistry and indicate that the technique is extremely useful. This review first delineates the principles and characteristics of electrocatalysis applied in organotransition metal chemistry, and then, after outlining the choice of efficient initiating reagents, goes on to describe the systems up to August 1986.
TL;DR: In this article, the differences between wines related to their different geographic and varietal origins have been made from the results of statistical analyses: F statistic, principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA).
Abstract: Thirty-four French red wines from three regions already studied for their anthocyanin and flavonoid constituents have been further analysed for elements, amino acids and aromatic alcohols. An interpretation of the differences between wines related to their different geographic and varietal origins has been made from the results of statistical analyses: F statistic, principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA).
Wine samples produced near Bordeaux were found to be characterised by higher rubidium and lower lithium and calcium concentrations. Differences between wine samples made from the same grape variety or produced in the same region are mainly related to differences in potassium and ash contents. The PCA demonstrates that the concentration of most amino acids in wines is mainly a function of the technology used in wine production. Moreover, it shows that the concentration of proline, hydroxyproline and ethanolamine are generally lower in wines prepared from Carignan, Cinsault and Grenache grapes than in wines from Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot grapes. Finally, it shows clear differences between wines according to the latitude of the production centre. These differences correspond to increasing total nitrogen content from south to north, ie Narbonne and Bordeaux versus Angers.
In discriminant analysis Bordeaux wines were characterised by high rubidium and low arginine concentrations, Angers wines by a lower arginine content and Narbonne wines by their abundance of magnesium and deficiency of ethanolamine.
TL;DR: The development of graft‐originated innervation and its dependence on adequate matching of the implanted neurons and target site plays an important role in the development of intracerebral dopaminergic grafts is described.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to obtain a description of some aspects of the development of intracerebral dopaminergic grafts, namely, the time course of the glial reaction and its relation to cell division on one hand, and the development of graft-originated innervation and its dependence on adequate matching of the implanted neurons and target site on the other hand. Cell suspensions obtained from the mesencephalon or hypothalamus of embryonic day (ED) 14 rat embryos were implanted into the striatum or lateral hypothalamus of adult rats following the destruction of the nigrostriatal system of the hosts. Animals were sacrificed at different postimplantation times, and the development of the graft was followed by immunohistochemistry by using antisera directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). Furthermore, the existence of cell division at various times following implantation was examined by performing autoradiography on immunostained sections after prior intraventricular administration of 3H-thymidine to the host. The first stage of the development of intracerebral grafts was characterized by the existence of intense cell division within the grafted tissue, lasting about 2 weeks, and also in the host tissue surrounding the graft, lasting only about 6 days. The cell division in themore » host tissue was paralleled by the existence of a strong glial reaction which, however, did not extend into the graft itself. Glial reaction in the host tissue gradually decreased at later times and disappeared by 4 weeks postimplantation without leaving behind a noticeable glial scar. The graft itself was, however, transiently filled with a population of reactive astroglial cells between 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation. Within grafts of mesencephalic tissue located in the striatum TH-positive neurons were distributed evenly at short times postimplantation (2-6 days).« less
TL;DR: In well-watered plants, pinitol concentration was two to three times higher in the Moroccan plants than in the French plants, while myo-inositol concentration seemed only to increase in roots of the Morocco plants.
TL;DR: Thirty-four French red wines originating from six different grape varieties and three different production areas were analysed in duplicate for anthocyanins, ten flavonoids and three colour parameters, F-statistics, principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to identify and to explain differences among samples.
Abstract: Thirty-four French red wines originating from six different grape varieties and three different production areas were analysed in duplicate for 15 anthocyanins, ten flavonoids and three colour parameters, F-statistics, principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to identify and to explain differences among samples.
Clear difference between wines made from different varieties were mainly related to anthocyanin 3-acylglucosides. Malvidin and peonidin 3-acetylglucosides were found in increasing concentrations in wines made respectively from Grenache, Carignan, Cinsault, Merlot, Carbernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc grapes; the concentrations of peonidin and malvidin 3-p-coumarylglucosides were higher in the Cinsault wines studied.
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines made near Bordeaux had a less intense colour and a higher malvidin 3-glucoside content than wines from the same varieties produced near Narbonne. Wines made from Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc grapes contained more catechin, epicatechin and myricetin when produced in the south than in the north (Narbonne, Bordeaux, Angers).
Of the samples analysed, 96%, and all of the nine extra wines, were correctly classified according to the variety of the grapes using four anthocyanins and catechin selected by step wise discriminant analyses.
TL;DR: Using an animal model, this work demonstrated for the first time an association between handedness and lymphocyte reactivity and left-handed mice were shown to exhibit higher mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation than right-handed animals.
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that K+ induces shape changes of outer hair cells via osmotic forces and that intracellular calcium mediates contractions by a different mechanism.
TL;DR: The data constitute direct experimental evidence for a differential involvement of cholinergic septohippocampal and NBM-cortical projections in learning and memory processes.
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TL;DR: The biotransformation of titanium and substitution of other elements by titanium are processes which have been seldom detected but are a prerequisite in understanding the role of titanium in plants and in solving titanium-based environmental problems.