Institution
University of Göttingen
Education•Göttingen, Germany•
About: University of Göttingen is a education organization based out in Göttingen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 43851 authors who have published 86318 publications receiving 3010295 citations. The organization is also known as: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen & Universität Göttingen.
Topics: Population, Gene, Species richness, Context (language use), Catalysis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson were studied based on the collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, and the results showed that the standard model spin-parity J(...
608 citations
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Boston Children's Hospital1, University of Chicago2, University of Washington3, University of Sussex4, Michigan State University5, McGill University6, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children7, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center8, University of Duisburg-Essen9, Queen's University10, University of British Columbia11, University of Calgary12, University of Toronto13, Medical College of Wisconsin14, Harvard University15, Erasmus University Rotterdam16, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital17, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust18, Wolfson Medical Center19, University of Hamburg20, University of Göttingen21, University of Ottawa22
TL;DR: Exome sequencing identified de novo germline or postzygotic mutations in three core components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, highlighting the central role of PI3K-AKT signaling in vascular, limb and brain development.
Abstract: Megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndromes are sporadic overgrowth disorders associated with markedly enlarged brain size and other recognizable features. We performed exome sequencing in 3 families with MCAP or MPPH, and our initial observations were confirmed in exomes from 7 individuals with MCAP and 174 control individuals, as well as in 40 additional subjects with megalencephaly, using a combination of Sanger sequencing, restriction enzyme assays and targeted deep sequencing. We identified de novo germline or postzygotic mutations in three core components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. These include 2 mutations in AKT3, 1 recurrent mutation in PIK3R2 in 11 unrelated families with MPPH and 15 mostly postzygotic mutations in PIK3CA in 23 individuals with MCAP and 1 with MPPH. Our data highlight the central role of PI3K-AKT signaling in vascular, limb and brain development and emphasize the power of massively parallel sequencing in a challenging context of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity combined with postzygotic mosaicism.
608 citations
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TL;DR: Rituximab added to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy improved long-term outcomes for young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma and the definition of two prognostic subgroups allows a more refined therapeutic approach to these patients than does assessment by IPI alone.
Abstract: Summary Background The MInT study was the first to show improved 3-year outcomes with the addition of rituximab to a CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)-like regimen in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. Extended follow-up was needed to establish long-term effects. Methods In the randomised open-label MInT study, patients from 18 countries (aged 18–60 years with none or one risk factor according to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [IPI], stage II–IV disease or stage I disease with bulk) were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of a CHOP-like chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Bulky and extranodal sites received additional radiotherapy. Randomisation was done centrally with a computer-based tool and was stratified by centre, bulky disease, age-adjusted IPI, and chemotherapy regimen by use of a modified minimisation algorithm that incorporated a stochastic component. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was event-free survival. Analyses were by intention to treat. This observational study is a follow-up of the MInT trial, which was stopped in 2003, and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00400907. Findings The intention-to-treat population included 410 patients assigned to chemotherapy alone and 413 assigned to chemotherapy plus rituximab. After a median follow-up of 72 months (range 0·03–119), 6-year event-free survival was 55·8% (95% CI 50·4–60·9; 166 events) for patients assigned to chemotherapy alone and 74·3% (69·3–78·6; 98 events) for those assigned to chemotherapy plus rituximab (difference between groups 18·5%, 11·5–25·4, log-rank p vs 71·0% [65·1–76·1], log-rank p=0·005). 18 (4·4%, 95% CI 2·6–6·9) second malignancies occurred in the chemotherapy-alone group and 16 (3·9%, 2·2–6·2) in the chemotherapy and rituximab group (Fisher's exact p=0·730). Interpretation Rituximab added to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy improved long-term outcomes for young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. The definition of two prognostic subgroups allows a more refined therapeutic approach to these patients than does assessment by IPI alone. Funding Hoffmann–La Roche.
608 citations
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TL;DR: The model of metabolic zonation proposes a functional specialization for the two zones of hepatocyte populations, especially well documented for carbohydrate, amino acid, ammonia, and xenobiotic metabolism as well as for bile formation by a number of different approaches.
Abstract: Hepatocytes from the periportal (afferent) and perivenous (efferent) zones of the liver parenchyma differ in their enzyme content and subcellular structures and thus have different metabolic capacities. Therefore the model of metabolic zonation proposes a functional specialization for the two zones: 1) oxidative energy metabolism with beta-oxidation, amino acid catabolism, ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis for the synthesis of both glucose and glycogen, cholesterol synthesis, bile formation, and protective metabolism are predominantly located in the periportal zone; 2) glycolysis, glycogen synthesis from glucose, liponeogenesis, ketogenesis, glutamine formation, and xenobiotic metabolism are preferentially situated in the perivenous zone. The input of humoral and nervous signals into the two zones is different. During passage of blood through the liver acinus, concentration gradients of oxygen, substrates, and hormones are established; the nerve densities in the two zones seem to be different. The different expression of the genome in upstream and downstream hepatocytes can be caused among other factors by the zonal gradients in oxygen and hormone concentrations. The functional specialization of the different hepatocyte populations is especially well documented for carbohydrate, amino acid, ammonia, and xenobiotic metabolism as well as for bile formation by a number of different approaches. Zonal flux differences were calculated from enzyme and metabolite distributions measured in vivo. They were observed in periportal- and perivenous-like hepatocytes in cell culture and in hepatocyte populations enriched in periportal and perivenous cells. They were detected also during ortho-and retrograde liver perfusion and finally by noninvasive techniques, using surface micro-light guides and miniature oxygen electrodes. The peculiar zonal hepatotoxicity of many xenobiotics can be explained at least in part by the enzymatic and fine-structural hepatocellular heterogeneity.
607 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the functionalities of spinwave devices, concepts for spin-wave based computing and magnonic crystals is presented. But the focus of this review is on the control over the interplay between localization and delocalization of the spinwave modes using femtosecond lasers.
Abstract: Novel material properties can be realized by designing waves' dispersion relations in artificial crystals. The crystal's structural length scales may range from nano- (light) up to centimeters (sound waves). Because of their emergent properties these materials are called metamaterials. Different to photonics, where the dielectric constant dominantly determines the index of refraction, in a ferromagnet the spin-wave index of refraction can be dramatically changed already by the magnetization direction. This allows a different flexibility in realizing dynamic wave guides or spin-wave switches. The present review will give an introduction into the novel functionalities of spin-wave devices, concepts for spin-wave based computing and magnonic crystals. The parameters of the magnetic metamaterials are adjusted to the spin-wave k-vector such that the magnonic band structure is designed. However, already the elementary building block of an antidot lattice, the singular hole, owns a strongly varying internal potential determined by its magnetic dipole field and a localization of spin-wave modes. Photo-magnonics reveal a way to investigate the control over the interplay between localization and delocalization of the spin-wave modes using femtosecond lasers, which is a major focus of this review. We will discuss the crucial parameters to realize free Bloch states and how, by contrast, a controlled localization might allow to gradually turn on and manipulate spin-wave interactions in spin-wave based devices in the future.
607 citations
Authors
Showing all 44172 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Jens J. Holst | 160 | 1536 | 107858 |
Hans Lassmann | 155 | 724 | 79933 |
Walter Paulus | 149 | 809 | 86252 |
Arnulf Quadt | 135 | 1409 | 123441 |
Elizaveta Shabalina | 133 | 1421 | 92273 |
Ernst Detlef Schulze | 133 | 670 | 69504 |
Mark Stitt | 132 | 456 | 60800 |
Meinrat O. Andreae | 131 | 700 | 72714 |
Teja Tscharntke | 130 | 520 | 70554 |
William C. Hahn | 130 | 448 | 72191 |
Vladimir Cindro | 129 | 1157 | 82000 |
Dave Britton | 129 | 1094 | 84187 |
Johannes Haller | 129 | 1178 | 84813 |