Institution
University of Göttingen
Education•Göttingen, Germany•
About: University of Göttingen is a education organization based out in Göttingen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 43851 authors who have published 86318 publications receiving 3010295 citations. The organization is also known as: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen & Universität Göttingen.
Topics: Population, Gene, Species richness, Context (language use), Catalysis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) are glucose-dependent insulinotropic gut hormones that may explain the greater insulin secretory response with oral compared to i.v. as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) are glucose-dependent insulinotropic gut hormones that may explain the greater insulin secretory response with oral compared to i.v. glucose (incretin effect). To study their individual and combined contributions, in eight healthy volunteers, on separate occasions, synthetic human GIP (1 pmol/kg.min) and/or GLP-1 (0.3 pmol/kg.min) or placebo were infused i.v. (-30 to 120 min), while at 0 min, a glucose infusion "isoglycemic" to the profile after an oral glucose load of 50 g/400 mL was started. After the administration of 50 g oral glucose, immunoreactive GIP rose several-fold to 337 +/- 43 pmol/L, while there was only a transient (10-30 min) and moderate increment in immunoreactive GLP-1 (from basal, 25-30, to 41 +/- 4 pmol/L). Isoglycemic i.v. glucose infusions led to smaller B-cell responses (estimated incretin effect, 41 +/- 5%). With single infusions of GIP or GLP-1 (circulating concentrations, 464 +/- 73 and 54 +/- 3 pmol/L, respectively), B-cell responses were significantly augmented compared to i.v. glucose alone and were no longer significantly different from those after oral glucose. The combination of GIP and GLP-1 led to B-cell responses that were significantly higher than those with either hormone alone (additive mode of cooperation). Plasma GIP concentrations were similar after endogenous secretion (oral glucose) and i.v. infusion, while exogenously administered GLP-1 led to plasma levels that were maintained at an elevated level for a longer period during exogenous infusion than after stimulation by oral glucose. When, in seven volunteers, a lower dose (0.15 pmol/kg.min) of GLP-1 was infused during isoglycemic glucose infusion experiments only for the duration of elevated plasma levels in the oral glucose challenges (0-30 min), a significant, but transient, increment in insulin and C-peptide concentrations was observed, which was equivalent to 26 +/- 10% of the estimated incretin effect. Therefore, in conclusion, circulating GIP seems to make a major contribution to the incretin effect after oral glucose, and GLP-1 appears to mediate a smaller proportion. GIP and GLP-1 can interact in an additive manner in normal man.
507 citations
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University of Bern1, University of Tübingen2, University of Freiburg3, Technische Universität Darmstadt4, University of Ulm5, University of Münster6, Xavier University7, Smithsonian Institution8, Free University of Berlin9, Max Planck Society10, University of Würzburg11, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute12, University of Jena13, Technische Universität München14, University of Göttingen15, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology16, University of Potsdam17
TL;DR: Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land‐use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services, and functional composition shifts, towards fast‐growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.
Abstract: Global change, especially land-use intensification, affects human well-being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real-world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land-use objectives. We found that indirect land-use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land-use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land-use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast-growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.
507 citations
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TL;DR: Hsp90 suppresses the formation of protein aggregates by binding to the target proteins at a stoichiometry of one Hsp90 dimer to one or two substrate molecule(s), and the yield of correctly folded and functional protein is increased significantly.
Abstract: THE heat-shock protein Hsp90 is the most abundant constitutively expressed stress protein in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells1,2, where it participates in the maturation of other proteins, modulation of protein activity in the case of hormone-free steroid receptors, and intracellular transport of some newly synthesized kinases3–5. A feature of all these processes could be their dependence on the formation of protein structure. If Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in maintaining a certain subset of cellular proteins in an inactive form, it should also be able to recognize and bind non-native proteins, thereby influencing their folding to the native state. Here we investigate whether Hsp90 can influence protein folding in vitro and show that Hsp90 suppresses the formation of protein aggregates by binding to the target proteins at a stoichiometry of one Hsp90 dimer to one or two substrate molecule(s). Furthermore, the yield of correctly folded and functional protein is increased significantly. The action of Hsp90 does not depend on the presence of nucleoside triphosphates, so it may be that Hsp90 uses a novel molecular mechanism to assist protein folding in vivo.
505 citations
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TL;DR: It seems likely that melatonin initially evolved as an antioxidant, becoming a vitamin in the food chain, and in multicellular organisms, where it is produced, it has acquired autocoid, paracoid and hormonal properties.
Abstract: Melatonin, a derivative of an essential amino acid, tryptophan, was first identified in bovine pineal tissue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Recently accumulated evidence has challenged this concept. Melatonin is present in the earliest life forms and is found in all organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates including humans. Several characteristics of melatonin distinguish it from a classic hormone such as its direct, non-receptor-mediated free radical scavenging activity. As melatonin is also ingested in foodstuffs such as vegetables, fruits, rice, wheat and herbal medicines, from the nutritional point of view, melatonin can also be classified as a vitamin. It seems likely that melatonin initially evolved as an antioxidant, becoming a vitamin in the food chain, and in multicellular organisms, where it is produced, it has acquired autocoid, paracoid and hormonal properties.
505 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, detailed measurements of the electron performance of the ATLAS detector at the LHC were reported, using decays of the Z, W and J/psi particles.
Abstract: Detailed measurements of the electron performance of the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported, using decays of the Z, W and J/psi particles. Data collected in 2010 at root s = 7 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of almost 40 pb(-1). The inter-alignment of the inner detector and the electromagnetic calorimeter, the determination of the electron energy scale and resolution, and the performance in terms of response uniformity and linearity are discussed. The electron identification, reconstruction and trigger efficiencies, as well as the charge misidentification probability, are also presented.
505 citations
Authors
Showing all 44172 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Jens J. Holst | 160 | 1536 | 107858 |
Hans Lassmann | 155 | 724 | 79933 |
Walter Paulus | 149 | 809 | 86252 |
Arnulf Quadt | 135 | 1409 | 123441 |
Elizaveta Shabalina | 133 | 1421 | 92273 |
Ernst Detlef Schulze | 133 | 670 | 69504 |
Mark Stitt | 132 | 456 | 60800 |
Meinrat O. Andreae | 131 | 700 | 72714 |
Teja Tscharntke | 130 | 520 | 70554 |
William C. Hahn | 130 | 448 | 72191 |
Vladimir Cindro | 129 | 1157 | 82000 |
Dave Britton | 129 | 1094 | 84187 |
Johannes Haller | 129 | 1178 | 84813 |