Institution
University of Göttingen
Education•Göttingen, Germany•
About: University of Göttingen is a education organization based out in Göttingen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 43851 authors who have published 86318 publications receiving 3010295 citations. The organization is also known as: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen & Universität Göttingen.
Topics: Population, Gene, Species richness, Context (language use), Catalysis
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the influence of farming system, landscape context and regional differences on the relative impact of organic farming on farmland biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination.
Abstract: 1. Agri-environment schemes promote organic farming in an attempt to reduce the negative effects of agricultural intensification on farmland biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination. Farming system, landscape context and regional differences may all influence biodiversity, but their relative impact and possible interactions have been little explored. 2. The study was performed in three regions (150 km apart, 400-500 km(2) per region) differing in land use intensity. Within each region, seven pairs of conventionally and organically cultivated wheat fields (mean size 4 ha, 42 study fields) were selected to encompass a gradient from heterogeneous to homogeneous landscapes within a 1-km radius around each field. 3. Farming system had the greatest influence on biodiversity. Higher bee diversity, flower cover and diversity of flowering plants were recorded in organic compared with conventional fields. Bee diversity was related both to flower cover and diversity of flowering plants, suggesting plant-mediated effects of the farming system. 4. Differences in bee diversity between organic and conventional fields increased with the proportion of arable crops in the surrounding landscape, indicating that processes at the landscape level modified the effectiveness of organic farming in promoting biodiversity. Similar patterns for flower cover and diversity of flowering plants suggested that landscape effects on bee diversity were mainly resource-mediated. After statistically removing the variance explained by flower parameters, residual bee diversity increased with increasing landscape heterogeneity. 5. Bee diversity differed between the three regions, but the effects of farming systems and landscape context were independent of regional differences. 6. Synthesis and applications. Bee diversity in wheat fields was mainly influenced by farming system, but an understanding of local bee diversity needs to incorporate both landscape and regional perspectives. The consistency of the results in three regions provides a reliable basis for management decisions. Agri-environment schemes that promote organic farming in homogeneous landscapes where there are few remaining flower-rich habitats could have the highest relative impact. However, while organic farming could help to sustain pollination services by generalist bees in agricultural landscapes, other measures are required to conserve more specialized bee species in semi-natural habitats.
470 citations
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TL;DR: This work proposes the presence of two types of patients (“nonARDS,” type 1, and ARDS, type 2) with different pathophysiology with different Pathophysiology and suggests the respiratory system compliance and possibly the response to PEEP are the only imperfect surrogates.
Abstract: Even though it can meet the ARDS Berlin definition [1, 2], the COVID-19 pneumonia is a specific disease with peculiar phenotypes. Its main characteristic is the dissociation between the severity of the hypoxemia and the maintenance of relatively good respiratory mechanics. Indeed, the median respiratory system compliance is usually around 50ml/cmH2O. Of note, the patients with respiratory compliance lower or higher than the median value experience hypoxemia of similar severity. We propose the presence of two types of patients (“nonARDS,” type 1, and ARDS, type 2) with different pathophysiology. When presenting at the hospital, type 1 and type 2 patients are clearly distinguishable by CT scan (Fig. 1). If the CT scan is not available, the respiratory system compliance and possibly the response to PEEP are the only imperfect surrogates we may suggest.
469 citations
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Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University1, University of Göttingen2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3, Yale University4, University of Birmingham5, University of Amsterdam6, University of Liège7, Ohio State University8, University of Sydney9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Ames Research Center11, High Altitude Observatory12
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational splittings in red giants and scaling relations for rotation related to seismic and fundamental stellar parameters are derived using a dedicated method for automated measurements of rotational splitting in a large number of red giants, which leads to the conclusion that the mean core rotation significantly slows down during the red giant phase.
Abstract: Context. The space mission Kepler provides us with long and uninterrupted photometric time series of red giants. We are now able to probe the rotational behaviour in their deep interiors using the observations of mixed modes. Aims. We aim to measure the rotational splittings in red giants and to derive scaling relations for rotation related to seismic and fundamental stellar parameters. Methods. We have developed a dedicated method for automated measurements of the rotational splittings in a large number of red giants. Ensemble asteroseismology, namely the examination of a large number of red giants at different stages of their evolution, allows us to derive global information on stellar evolution. Results. We have measured rotational splittings in a sample of about 300 red giants. We have also shown that these splittings are dominated by the core rotation. Under the assumption that a linear analysis can provide the rotational splitting, we observe a small increase of the core rotation of stars ascending the red giant branch. Alternatively, an important slow down is observed for red-clump stars compared to the red giant branch. We also show that, at fixed stellar radius, the specific angular momentum increases with increasing stellar mass. Conclusions. Ensemble asteroseismology indicates what has been indirectly suspected for a while: our interpretation of the observed rotational splittings leads to the conclusion that the mean core rotation significantly slows down during the red giant phase. The slow-down occurs in the last stages of the red giant branch. This spinning down explains, for instance, the long rotation periods measured in white dwarfs.
468 citations
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TL;DR: Optical pump-probe spectroscopy with 7-fs pump pulses and a probe spectrum wider than 0.7 eV reveals the ultrafast carrier dynamics in freestanding thin graphite films and discerns for the first time a rapid intraband carrier equilibration within 30 fs, leaving the system with separated electron and hole chemical potentials.
Abstract: Optical pump-probe spectroscopy with 7-fs pump pulses and a probe spectrum wider than 0.7 eV reveals the ultrafast carrier dynamics in freestanding thin graphite films. We discern for the first time a rapid intraband carrier equilibration within 30 fs, leaving the system with separated electron and hole chemical potentials. Phonon-mediated intraband cooling of electrons and holes occurs on a 100 fs time scale. The kinetics are in agreement with simulations based on Boltzmann equations.
467 citations
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Harvard University1, Broad Institute2, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute3, King's College London4, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre5, University of Würzburg6, State University of New York Upstate Medical University7, University of Marburg8, Cardiff University9, Aarhus University Hospital10, University of Zurich11, University of Basel12, Goethe University Frankfurt13, University of Trier14, Trinity College, Dublin15, University of St Andrews16, VU University Amsterdam17, Ghent University18, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior19, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia20, University of Pennsylvania21, Washington University in St. Louis22, University of Valencia23, Hebrew University of Jerusalem24, University of Göttingen25, University of Duisburg-Essen26, University of Southampton27, New York University28, Eli Lilly and Company29, Pfizer30, University of California, Los Angeles31
TL;DR: This paper conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power and found no genome-wide significant associations, although an analysis of candidate genes suggests that they may be involved in the disorder.
Abstract: Objective Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power. Method We used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the University of California, Los Angeles, Washington University, and Massachusetts General Hospital (PUWMa). The final sample size consisted of 2,064 trios, 896 cases, and 2,455 controls. For each study, we imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms, computed association test statistics and transformed them to z-scores, and then combined weighted z-scores in a meta-analysis. Results No genome-wide significant associations were found, although an analysis of candidate genes suggests that they may be involved in the disorder. Conclusions Given that ADHD is a highly heritable disorder, our negative results suggest that the effects of common ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small or that other types of variants, e.g., rare ones, account for much of the disorder's heritability.
467 citations
Authors
Showing all 44172 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Jens J. Holst | 160 | 1536 | 107858 |
Hans Lassmann | 155 | 724 | 79933 |
Walter Paulus | 149 | 809 | 86252 |
Arnulf Quadt | 135 | 1409 | 123441 |
Elizaveta Shabalina | 133 | 1421 | 92273 |
Ernst Detlef Schulze | 133 | 670 | 69504 |
Mark Stitt | 132 | 456 | 60800 |
Meinrat O. Andreae | 131 | 700 | 72714 |
Teja Tscharntke | 130 | 520 | 70554 |
William C. Hahn | 130 | 448 | 72191 |
Vladimir Cindro | 129 | 1157 | 82000 |
Dave Britton | 129 | 1094 | 84187 |
Johannes Haller | 129 | 1178 | 84813 |